Abstract— Network-on-Chips (NoCs) have been accepted as a viable communication platform in many-core systems. However, they possess high network latency and consume large power. In this paper, we introduce a minimal routing algorithm in partially connected 3D Network-on-Chip, in which a fixed place of TSVs is designed to reduce TSV implementation cost which can be provided as a standard in the automotive electronics industry. This routing algorithm employs network congestion and fault information to find the minimum path while avoiding traversing the faulty paths. The proposed algorithm consists of in-layer routing and interlayer routing. The intra-layer routing algorithm employs an information propagation network to propagate control information between nodes located in the same layer. It uses a parameter called index to select the optimum path between nodes in the same layer. The index value is updated periodically based on a faulty link or a faulty node and published across networks. The interlayer routing algorithm is performed based on the minimum path to the elevator routers. The proposed algorithm reduces the average packet latency and increases the network throughput. The simulation results indicate that our routing algorithm improves network latency by 15.3% compared to two other routing algorithms.

Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory ocular disorder in which the cornea bulges in the shape of a cone. Therefore, this progressive disease will cause visual impairment. The precise aetiology of keratoconus is not well understood. Investigating the pathogenesis of keratoconus from a biomechanical point of view will determine which biomechanical factor plays the dominant role in keratoconus formation. In this study, using the finite element method, a three-dimensional model of the human cornea with anatomical dimensions was created, and hyperelastic isotropic properties were assigned to it. Then, the inner surfaces of the model were subjected to physiological intraocular pressure. This model was regarded as a healthy cornea and as a reference model. Then, two symmetric and asymmetric states of keratoconus were simulated. For this purpose, a circular region was created in the center of the cornea (for the symmetric state) or in one of its quarters (for the asymmetric state), and then, in this circular region (i.e., locally), the following operations were performed with three different intensities to simulate three different stages of symmetric/asymmetric keratoconus: 1) reducing the thickness, 2) weakening the mechanical properties, and 3) reducing the thickness and weakening the mechanical properties, simultaneously. By analyzing the displacements, it was found that the local weakening of the mechanical properties makes the cornea significantly steep in the area affected by the disease and causes keratoconus formation. Therefore, in keratoconus formation, the weakening of mechanical properties plays a primary role, and the reduction of thickness plays a secondary and auxiliary role.

Dyes are produced as water pollutants in the textile, plastic, and dye industries. Many efforts have been made to remove dyes from industrial wastewater. In this area, Photocatalytic performance under Vis-lights is a useful and effective method. In this study, a series of highly efficient Sn-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were successfully developed using a simple heat treatment process. Three concentrations of SnCl2 powder (3%, 5%, and 7 %) were used for the preparation of materials.  The characterizations of resulting materials were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffusion reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (EDX). Also, methyl orange dye was served to indicate the photocatalytic activity of Sn-doped material under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that both doped and also pure TiO2 have a uniform size. Anatase was the only identified phase in all the products, whether doped or un-doped. The resulting Sn-doped materials have demonstrated a band gap value range of 3.14 to 2.68 eV in comparison with pure TiO2 which shows a value of 3.2 eV. The photocatalytic evaluations indicated that the samples prepared in the presence of 3, 5, and 7% SnCl2 have degradation efficiencies of 85%, 85%, and 90%, respectively within 120 min, which are much higher than that of un-doped TiO2. The enhancement in the efficiency was attributed to the gap changes in anatase by the incorporation of Sn ions into the TiO2 lattice structure. Compared to pure TiO2, which has a band gap of 3.2 eV, the band gap values for doped TiO2 ranged from 3.14 to 2.68 eV.

In this paper we study topological spaces, frames, and their confrontation in the presheaf topos of $M$-sets for a monoid $M$. We introduce the internalization, of the frame of open subsets for topologies, and of topologies of points for frames, in our universe. Then we find functors between the categories of topological spaces and of frames in our universe.We show that, in contrast to the classical case, the obtained functors do not have an adjoint relation for a general monoid, but in some cases such as when $M$ is a group, they form an adjunction. Furthermore, we define and study soberity and spatialness for our topological spaces and frames, respectively. It is shown that if $M$ is a group then the restriction of the adjunction to sober spaces and spatial frames becomes into an isomorphism.

The electrical industry has been evolving since the last decades of the 19th century. This industry encompasses a wide range of application from electricity generation and distribution to electronic gadgets and computer hardware. Standardization activities in the electrical industry are focused on design, manufacture and operation of electrical and electronic systems including devices, appliances and accessories as well as installations. The wide range of standards in electrical industry makes it crucial for any electrical engineer to have a generic understanding of the common aspects and purposes of these standards as well as their coverage and range of application. It is important for example, to know how to find the relevant standards for a specific type of cable which is to be used in an installation. The book "Standards and Standardization in Electrical Industry" covers many important aspects of the subject. This book review is dedicated to introduce and discuss the significance, contents and readership of this book.

Background: The accurate diagnosis of infections can significantly enhance preventative measures against abortion. Objectives: The rates of Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in the vaginal secretions of women with abortion. Furthermore, this study aimed to detect S. agalactiae capsular types by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Methods: The study collected vaginal samples obtained from a cohort of women with abortions of unknown cause from various healthcare facilities across Iran, as well as their counterparts who did not experience any reproductive issues. Molecular identification was performed by a multiplex PCR protocol for the amplification of specific regions within the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The capsular polysaccharide of S. agalactiae was identified by multiplex PCR of the caps gene. Then, the sequences of the amplified gene were analyzed by Mega X. Finally, some factors that exerted a noteworthy influence on the likelihood of miscarriage were determined. Results: The study found S. agalactiae, M. hominis, and L. monocytogenes in the vaginal secretions of women with abortion, with respective frequencies of 9. 09%, 4. 54%, and 2. 7%, which were more than the frequencies in the pregnant healthy women. The caps III (4%) and caps V (6%) genes were identified in the S. agalactiae isolates. The sequences of caps III or caps V did not show any differences among the isolates containing each gene. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated the significance of preemptively managing prevalent infections and investigating risk factors in women prior to pregnancy. No difference in the sequences of the caps genes is promising for the adoption of vaccination and therapeutic strategies.

The bioactive compounds in extracts are prone to degradation by oxidation, heat, or light. Nanoencapsulation is one of the best techniques to keep the properties of these chemical compounds. The aim of this study was the extraction of Melissa officinalis (MO) and nanoencapsulation of the extract via chitosan as a biodegradable polymer. In this research, extraction of MO was investigated using various extraction methods and nanoencapsulation with MO extract was carried out via ionic gelation technique. The effectiveness of the extracts was evaluated by measuring the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and extraction efficiency of the solid contents. The highest efficiency was achieved for microwave-assisted extraction with the utmost values in each parameter. (TSC) was 22.81% and amounts of the TPC and antioxidant activity were 311.94 mg Gallic acid and 36 mg diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) per 1g of the plant, respectively.  Morphology study by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) indicated spherical shape nanoparticles with a diameter of 25nm. The size of the nanoparticles was evaluated by the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique for various concentrations of the used extracts in the encapsulation process. For 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mg /mL concentration, mean diameters were 24, 118, and 145 nm, respectively. Results indicated that microwave-assisted extraction was the best extraction method for MO and the encapsulation of MO extract could be created successfully with different particle sizes for the protection of bioactive compounds. Since MO is a beneficial herbal plant, the development of this research is recommended.

This paper presents a solution to the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem combined economic dispatch with valve-point effect and Emission Index (EI) in electrical power networks using the physics-inspired optimization method, which is the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). Our main goal is to minimize the objective function necessary for the best balance between energy production and its consumption which is presented in a nonlinear function, taking into account equality and inequality constraints. The objective is to minimize the total cost of active generations, the active power losses, and the emission index. The GSA method has been examined and tested on the standard IEEE 30-bus test system with various objective functions. The simulation results of the used methods have been compared and validated with those reported in the recent literature. The results are promising and show the effectiveness and robustness of the used method. It should be mentioned that from the base case, the cost generation, the active power losses, and the emission index are significantly reduced to 823 ($/h), 6.038 (MW), and 0.227 (ton/h), which are considered 5.85%, 61.61%, and 44.63%, respectively.

Approximate computing is considered a promising way to design high-performance and low-power arithmetic units recently. This paper proposes an energy-efficient logarithmic multiplier for error-tolerant applications. The proposed multiplier uses a novel technique to calculate the powers of two products to reduce critical path complexity. Also, a correction term is provided to improve the multiplier accuracy. Additionally, the use of approximate adders in our design is investigated, and optimal truncation length is obtained through simulations. We evaluated our work both in accuracy and hardware criteria. Experiments on a 16-bit proposed multiplier with approximate adder show that power-delay product (PDP) is significantly reduced by 34.05% compared to the best logarithmic multipliers available in the literature, while the mean relative error distance (MRED) is also decreased by 21.1%. The results of embedding our multiplier in the dequantization step of the JPEG standard show that the image quality is improved in comparison with other logarithmic multipliers. In addition, a subtle drop in image quality compared to utilizing exact multipliers proves the viability of our design.

Increasing the penetration level of distributed generation (DG) units in radial power distribution systems can increase the short-circuit level in these networks, which can, in turn, have destructive effects such as exceeding the tolerable current of the equipment and disrupting the protective coordination in the network. The active superconducting fault current limiter (ASFCL) is a new device that can limit fault current using voltage series compensation. This paper discusses the modeling of ASFCL and control strategies including fault detection and converter performance in normal and fault modes. Initially, its performance in limiting the fault current is investigated by simulating a sample three-phase system with ASFCL. In the next step, three operating modes including normal mode, upstream fault mode, and downstream fault mode are proposed to achieve an adaptive FCL that solves these problems in grid-connected microgrids. The simulation results confirm the proper performance of the ASFCL modes in both fault current limiting and protective coordination of overcurrent relays in the network.