Background: The accurate diagnosis of infections can significantly enhance preventative measures against abortion. Objectives: The rates of Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in the vaginal secretions of women with abortion. Furthermore, this study aimed to detect S. agalactiae capsular types by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Methods: The study collected vaginal samples obtained from a cohort of women with abortions of unknown cause from various healthcare facilities across Iran, as well as their counterparts who did not experience any reproductive issues. Molecular identification was performed by a multiplex PCR protocol for the amplification of specific regions within the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The capsular polysaccharide of S. agalactiae was identified by multiplex PCR of the caps gene. Then, the sequences of the amplified gene were analyzed by Mega X. Finally, some factors that exerted a noteworthy influence on the likelihood of miscarriage were determined. Results: The study found S. agalactiae, M. hominis, and L. monocytogenes in the vaginal secretions of women with abortion, with respective frequencies of 9. 09%, 4. 54%, and 2. 7%, which were more than the frequencies in the pregnant healthy women. The caps III (4%) and caps V (6%) genes were identified in the S. agalactiae isolates. The sequences of caps III or caps V did not show any differences among the isolates containing each gene. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated the significance of preemptively managing prevalent infections and investigating risk factors in women prior to pregnancy. No difference in the sequences of the caps genes is promising for the adoption of vaccination and therapeutic strategies.

The sea cucumbers of the genus Holothuria are important species in Asia. In present study in the Persian Gulf aimed to identify Holothuria species and investigate their relationships based on morphological and 16S rRNA molecular data. 30 specimens were collected from northern Persian Gulf coasts of Dayer (Bushehr Province) and Lengeh (Hormozgan Province). Based on ossicles morphology, three species were identified. DNA was isolated using CTAB method. Thereafter, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification was performed using universal primer and consequently PCR product was sequenced. Sequencing result was analyzed and identified in NCBI database using BLAST. 17 sequences of mitochondrial DNA of 16S rRNA gene (393bp length) were obtained after modification and alignment. The phylogenic tree of mentioned species showed a monophyletic group. The three identified species include Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola, Holothuria leucospilota and Holothuria parva. Holothuria arenicola was found in high support in the sister clade of H. arenicola from China. Despite 7% genetic distance, no morphological differences were observed between H. arenicola with similar species.

Veterinary chemicals are pharmaceuticals or treatments that are used in cattle to treat or prevent disease, injury, and pests. Livestock survival and productivity would be severely reduced without veterinary drugs, especially for intensively maintained animals like pigs and poultry. Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a bacterial eye illness of cattle, and there is limited knowledge on the study of bacterium pathogen-contaminated eyes of animals in Basra province. As a result, the purpose of this research was to isolate and classify some bacterial species associated with infection in cattle with keratoconjunctivitis. This study included examination of 120 eye swabs from cows from different regions in the Basra governorate. The current study was carried out from October 2018 to February 2019. Out of 120 cases involved in this study, 30 cases were identified to have keratoconjunctivitis. The results of the study showed that eye infections in cows were mostly unilateral, in one eye (69%), and less than bilateral infections in both eyes (30.9%). Twenty different bacterial isolates were obtained, and the isolated bacteria were identified genetically by 16S rDNA and sequencing as Escherichia coli 40%, Bacillus subtilis 10%, Enterobacter cancer genus 10%, Enterobacter hormaechei 10%, Enterobacter cloacae 15%, and Klebsiella pneumonia 15%.

Background: Unlike plant phytochemicals, little has been done to explore the metabolites from phyllosphere bacterial flora, some of which enabled them to survive interspecific competition through amensalism. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of metabolites from Phyllospheric Bacteria (PB) isolated from Funtumia elastica (FE), against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to identify the isolated phyllo-microbiota. Methods: The PB were aseptically isolated by sonication. Their metabolites were obtained from the fresh overnight culture of the organisms. The cell-free supernatants containing the metabolites were used for antimicrobial assays against the pathogens. The DNA of the bacterial isolates were isolated using a NIMR-BIOTECH DNA extraction kit, while their 16S rRNA was amplified with the primer: 799F 5'-AACACGGATTA GATACC-3', 1193R 5'-ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC-3', using SolisFast* Master Mix, (Solis Biodyne-Estonia). The BLAST of the sequence was done from the NCBI Genbank. The PB strains identified were submitted to NCBI and accession numbers were assigned to them. Results: The phyllosphere of FE yielded 21 bacterial isolates: 7 Gram-positives and 14 Gram-negatives. The metabolites from these isolates showed varying degrees of bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 35659),Trychophyton rubrum, Candida albicans and Microsporum canis. Fifteen bioactive isolates sequenced yielded four genera, Enterobacter (E. hormaechei 98. 44%), Bacillus (B. cereus 100%), Pontoea (P. dispersa 99. 72%), Staphylococcus (S. arlettae 99. 72%). Conclusion: Bacteria from FE phyllosphere, produced metabolites antagonistic (cidal) to some human pathogens. This has great potential for possible drug discovery.