Coastal waters in northern part of Hormuz Strait receive large inputs of anthropogenic pollutants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of environmental contaminants on plasma enzymes, thyroid hormones and biochemical blood parameters of Periophthalmus argentilineatus to monitor marine pollution from northern part of Hormuz strait. For this purpose, a total of 90 specimens were collected from three estuarine stations (30 specimens for each station) including Shour-e-aval (first station,St1), Souro (second station,St2) and Bustanoo (third station,St3) and some blood plasma indices, such as aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG), and thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Results showed that the plasma enzymes levels were significantly higher in fish from the polluted location (Bustanoo,station 3). Concentrations of thyroid hormones and also the glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the samples from the station 3 (p<0. 05). Due to the negative impact of pollutants on biochemical and hormonal functions of blood serum of resident species, including P. argentilineatus, this species can be used as a bioindicator of pollution in northern part of Hormuz Strait.

This study aimed to combined effects of salinity and ammonia on physiological responses, liver enzymes, P450 gene expression, and gill and liver Histopathological of juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). To this end, a two-stage experiment was carried out. At the first stage, the lethal concentration (LC50 96h) of ammonia in salinities 0 ppt: 7. 42 mgL-1, 4ppt: 8. 24 mgL-1, 8ppt: 9. 60 mgL-1, and 12 ppt: 10. 22mgL-1 to juveniles of stellate sturgons was determined. At the second stage, 360 juveniles of stellate sturgeons (with a mean weight and length of 15. 23±2. 17 g and 17±1. 96 cm) were exposed to half (50%) median lethal concentration (LC50-96h) (3. 71, 4. 12, 4. 80, and 5. 11 mgL-1) under the same salinities for 4 days (8 treatments with 3 replicates a piece). Maximum blood indices (CBC) were observed in combined treatments with salinity and ammonia (P≤0. 05). Blood stress indicators (Cortisol, Glucose, Lactate) and blood serum immunity indices (IgM, Lysozyme, Total Immunoglobulin) decreased and increased significantly with increasing salinity and ammonia in combination treatments, respectively (P≤0. 05). The activity of GPX and SOD antioxidant enzymes increased in combined salinity and ammonia treatments but CAT decreased (P≤0. 05). liver enzyme levels of ALT and AST in the blood serum of juvenile of stellate sturgeons increased in combined salinity and ammonia treatments(P≤0. 05). But a significant decrease in the levels of ALP and LDH enzymes was observed (P≤0. 05). The highest gill damage was observed in salinity of 12 p p t and also combined treatment of salinity of 12 p p t with ammonia. The most widely noticed symptoms included, Necrosis of Secondary lamellae, Disruption of cartilaginous core. Destruction of the pilar apparatus and congestion in the lamellae, Necrosis of primary lamellae and Fusion of some secondary lamellae. Liver tissue of juvenile stellate sturgeons (A. stellatus) was severely affected by high salinity alone and with ammonia. Complications such as Melanomacrophage center, Necrosis, Sinusoid and Karyolysis were more common. The hepatic P450 gene expression increased from Treatment 5 through Treatment 8 (p<0. 05), as the highest gene expression was related to Treatment 8. This suggests that exposure to ammonia along with salinity stress activates the body's internal defense system. Therefore, brackish or saline water at concentrations (ammonia concentrations obtained at different salinities) proposed in this study can be used in aquaculture systems for the juveniles of stellate sturgeon. Moreover, Obtained concentrations of ammonia at different salinities in this study can help the organizations in charge of stock enhancement find the best places for introducing starry sturgeons to a lake or

This study investigated the effect of Sargassum angustifolium and Gracilaria pulvinata extracts on the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant status and gut microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. For this purpose, 540 fry of rainbow trout (initial weight 0. 23±0. 04 g) were distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks. Fish were fed with experimental diets containing 500 mg kg-1 of Sargassum extract (SA), 500 mg kg-1of Gracilaria extract (GL) and 250 mg kg-Sargassum + 250 mg kg-1 Gracilaria extract (SA+GL). The control diet was a commercial diet without seaweed extract. At the end of experiment growth and feeding performance including final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FCR) in all treatments were not significantly different (p > 0. 05). Whole body protein, ash and moisture contents of fish were not significantly affected by dietary macroalgae extracts (p > 0. 05). However, lipid content was significantly lower in fish fed of extract Gracilaria and Sargassum compared to control (p < 0. 05). The seaweed extract-fed fish utilized efficiently the body lipid and suppressed body weight loss during starvation. No significant difference (p > 0. 05) in serum total protein, creatinine alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in all treatments. Whereas serum albumin, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase specific activity were higher in SA, GL and SA+GL treatments compared to the control group (p < 0. 05). ACH50 level was significantly (p > 0. 05) increased in GL and SA+GL treatments as compared SA and control group. The addition of Sargassum and Gracilaria extracts to feed did not affecte total bacterial population but increased lactobacillus bacteria levels (p < 0. 05) in the intestine. These results revealed the potential antioxidant enhancing and heALTh-promoting effects of dietary Sargassum angustifolium and Gracilaria pulvinata extracts.

The purpose of this study was to examine the liver function effects of aqueous celery extracts on liver function tests and lipid profile in rats. A total of forty rats were split into four classes, 10 rats per category, fed for 30 days as Group A: received regular diet, Group B: received concentrated feed diet, Group C: received 20% celery extract in the regular diet, Group D: received a concentrated feed diet with 20% celery extract. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipids profile have been also determined in all subjects. The results indicated significant variations at (P≤0.05) between tested groups for triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL levels in the blood serum, except in rats group B, the group D recorded a high levels of lipid profile, while the lowest value has been reported in group A. The results indicated that rats group C compared with B over an experimental duration had low triglycerides, average cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) amounts. Also, AST and ALT were substantially reduced in D. Based on the results, it was clear that celery can reduce the lipid profile levels and it has hepatoprotective effects by decreasing AST and ALT enzymes.

Background: Fatty liver disease is rising as the most common liver disease in recent years. One of the new approaches to manage the disease is the use of intelligent systems. The recommender system is increasingly utilized in managing chronic conditions. This study was performed to identify the common data elements and features of a recommender system for people living with fatty liver. Methods: This study was a narrative review exploring the minimum data set for a recommender system in fatty liver disease. We aimed to review the current literature evidence to comprehend the specific requirements of the related knowledge. The search was carried out in November 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases. We searched the keywords including fatty liver, liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, intelligent, smart system, recommender system, minimum data set, data element, and data requirements. Results: A review of the articles showed that the most common data elements of the administrative category were sex/gender (n=22), age (n=22), and ethnic group/race (n=8). We also identified the clinical data elements and technical features of a recommender system for people living with fatty liver. Based on the findings of this study, “, diabetes and glucose status”,(n=18), “, AST”,(n=15), “, BMI”,(n=13), and “, ALT”,(n=13) were the most frequent data elements of clinical category. Furthermore, “, predicting and identifying”,(n=8) was the most common technical feature mentioned in the reviewed articles. Conclusion: We determined the common elements and features of a recommender system in three different categories: clinical data elements, demographic data elements, and technical capabilities. Using these requirements, it is possible to structure data gathering, medication adherence, and communication with heALThcare providers in a standard manner. It is suggested that appropriate policies and national grants be adopted to identify and prioritize a minimum data set to support the heALThcare services of people living with chronic conditions.

Background: The most common etiology for patients with acute abdominal pain presenting in emergency departments is acute appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of liver enzymes in early diagnosis of acute appendicitis and prediction of its complications. Methods: 176 patients with the chief complaint of abdominal pain presented in the emergency departments were enrolled in this study. All included patients underwent standard approach for acute abdomen with target focus for appendicitis. Samples for serum levels of ALT and AST on arrival have been arranged for all included. Patients were evaluated for appendicitis and diagnosis confirmed by histopathology. AST, ALT variables and confirmed diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and related complications have been evaluated for any correlations using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Based on the results, 67 simple, 24 complicated appendicitis, and 85 cases of normal appendix were evaluated. The mean AST was significantly different in normal, simple appendicitis, and complicated groups (p=0. 019), but the mean ALT failed to show a significant difference. The differential test showed that there was a significant difference between the two appendicitis groups and the normal group in AST (p<0. 05), but not between the two appendicitis groups. The p-values of AST and ALT were 0. 17 and 0. 2, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that increased AST may be increased in simple/complicated appendicitis in contrast to normal group, but regarding AUC curve data, AST and ALT fail to have the necessary diagnostic accuracy and efficiency to diagnose acute appendicitis and predict its complications.

Objective: Chromosomal translocations are among the most common mutational events in cancer development, especially in hematologic malignancies. However, the precise molecular mechanism of these events is still not clear. It has been recently shown that ALTernative non-homologous end-joining (ALT-NHEJ), a newly described pathway for double-stranded DNA break repair, mediates the formation of chromosomal translocations. Here, we examined the expression levels of the main components of ALT-NHEJ (PARP1 and LIG3) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and assessed their potential correlation with the formation of chromosomal translocations.Materials and Methods: This experimental study used reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) to quantify the expression levels of PARP1 and LIG3 at the transcript level in AML patients (n=78) and heALThy individuals (n=19).Results: PARP1 was the only gene overexpressed in the AML group when compared with heALThy individuals (P=0.0004), especially in the poor prognosis sub-group. Both genes were, however, found to be up-regulated in AML patients with chromosomal translocations (P=0.04 and 0.0004 respectively). Moreover, patients with one isolated translocation showed an over-expression of only LIG3 (P=0.005), whereas those with two or more translocations over-expressed both LIG3 (P=0.002) and PARP1 (P=0.02).Conclusion: The significant correlations observed between PARP1 and LIG3 expression and the rate of chromosomal translocations in AML patients provides a molecular context for further studies to investigate the causality of this association.

Cirrhosis is the consequence of chronic liver injury Considering the crucial role of oxidative stress in the progression of liver cirrhosis, we aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of NTX against oxidative stress in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhotic rats. Eighty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (21 rats /group I) receiving CCl4; (II) NTX+CCl4; (III) mineral oil (M) (as the control); (IV) NTX+M. The animals in each group were sacrificed in 3 different time-points 2 weeks, 6 weeks (early cirrhosis) and 8 weeks (advanced cirrhosis). Liver function tests, NO metabolites, GSH level, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxides (GPX), and hexokinase (HK) were assessed. NTX was able to ameliorate liver injury, revealed by attenuation of ALT activity, which was significantly enhanced due to cirrhosis induction, as well as pathological evaluation. HK was also increased significantly after treatment with CCl₄ while NTX moderated this increase. ALThough CCl4 treatment did not have a significant effect on GSH levels, NTX was able to considerably increase GSH in blood. The activity of CAT and SOD as well as NO levels were all augmented by NTX in CCl4-treated rats. NALTrexone demonstrates antioxidative effects in liver cirrhosis and may confer a protective effect against hepatic cirrhosis through modulation of oxidative stress.

Hepatitis C virus infection is affecting an estimated 200 million people worldwide and 210 thousand in Iran. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality from liver disease. Interferon-alpha is the choice of treatment but interferone (IFN) with ribavirin is known more effective recently. This study evaluated effect of IFN on Iranian patients and predict response to therapy. This is a quasi experimental study on 33 patients of chronic hepatitis C that are treated by IFN-2a, 3 Mega units, three times in week for 12 months, subcutaneously. We assessed ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct billirubine at first, second week and every month till 12 months. HCV-RNA and biopsy were done at first and end of study. T test, chi2, ANOVA, correlation coefficient and regression models were used for analysis. %82.7 were ejucated under diploma. AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase were decreased under normal range during treatment significantly(P=0.00005, P=0.0005 & P=0.001). Liver enzymes and billirubine normalized 2-4 months after treatment and the first biochemical break through was during first 6 months. %86.7 of all patients response to therapy biochemically. Percent of patients with negative HCV-RNA was more in the end of study significantly. (P<0.009) Mean biopsy score decreased significantly(P=0.03). Interferone-alpha decreases progression of liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, transplantation need and probably death. Total dose of IFN is more important than weekly dose or duration of therapy. Selection of patients with high probability response to therapy, instead of all of patients should be done. Biochemical response was high and quite acceptable. Significant models for prediction of the first time of response and the first biochemical break through during therapy are effective, cheap, easy and available. Results of this study suggest to give information about chronic hepatitis C to patients and doctors, too.