Copovidone Based Stable Nebivolol Hydrochloride Formulation: Dissolution and Characterization Studies. The study aimed to develop a formulation for the poorly water-soluble drug Nebivolol Hydrochloride. The formulation was carried out in two stages. Stage I attempts to enhance the drug's solubility, while stage II deals with the development of a drug-incorporated tablet formulation. Various strategies with different solid dispersion techniques, like solvent evaporation, melt fusion, and kneading, were used to improve the drug's solubility. Drugs and carriers were mixed with the ratios 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, and 1: 4. Apart from the solid dispersion method, the hydrophilic carrier was activated with an acidifier and then mixed with the drug. Preformulation studies were conducted, which included API characterization, solubility measurement over a physiological pH range, and drug-excipients compatibility study. FTIR, DSC, and XRD characterized the developed solid dispersion, which shows the drug exists in the amorphous form in the solid dispersion with no molecular interaction. The dissolution profile revealed a significant improvement in drug solubility with solid dispersion compared to pure drugs. Solid dispersion prepared with Drug, Plasdone, and Tartaric Acid exhibits the most improved solubility and formulated immediate release tablet. Stability studies indicate excellent stability of formulation over six months at accelerated and real-time conditions.

One cannot overstate the importance of looking for alternative solutions and effective corrosion control in our ecosystems. To investigate the corrosion inhibition behavior of ethanol extract of Prosopis juliflora leaves on mild steel in various concentrations of tetraoxosulphate VI acid (H2SO4) solution, electrochemical technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used in this research. The weight loss data showed that the highest inhibition effectiveness was seen at 303K using 1.0g/L of the extract, while the lowest inhibition efficiency was shown at 333K using 0.2g/L of the extract, which was seen to be 12.91%. Increased extract concentration improved efficacy and surface coverage; increased temperature and corrodent concentrations worsened these qualities. Corrosion activation energy increased along with the rise in inhibitor concentration. The inhibited and uninhibited systems had activation energies of 50.127, 52.591, 53.574, and 54.066 KJ mol-1 and 39.879 KJ mol-1 in the 0.5M H2SO4 system, respectively. The pattern is also the same in 1.0M H2SO4, and the negative ΔGads values suggest that the adsorption process is doable. A non-spontaneous process is suggested by negative ΔSads values, whereas an endothermic process is suggested by positive ΔHads values. According to the examined FTIR spectrum, the Prosopis juliflora ethanol extract was discovered to include the functional groups (O-H, COOH, N-H, N=O, C-O). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis provided evidence of the extract's ability to preserve the metal surface. However, the Freundlch adsorption isotherm was best suited to handle the adsorption data. According to the results, the data from Gads indicated that the extract inhibition process was physisorption, which is why the values were less than 40 KJ mol-1. According to the study's findings, a different concentration of the corrodent should be used to measure the extract's level of inhibition on the surface of mild steel.

Albumin nanoparticles have shown great potential in cancer drug delivery. In this study, firstly, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies indicated a predominant hydrophobic interaction between 2,6-bis(3,4-methylenedioxybenzylidene)-1-cyclohexanone (BMC) derivative of curcumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Then, BMC was loaded in BSA nanoparticles (BSANPs) via adsorption and entrapment approaches based on desolvation technique. The structural changes and loading of BMC in BSANPs were confirmed using UV-Vis, FTIR and TGA analysis. The effect of loading process on physicochemical properties was evaluated by DLS, FESEM and calculating of the drug loading (DL) and entrapment efficiency (EE) percentages. Formulations prepared through entrapment method (BMC@BSANPs-E) showed smaller particle sizes than adsorption (BMC@BSANPs-A). However, mean particle size of NPs were controlled between 159.2±3.45 to 201.7±1.57 nm. Also, acceptable negative values were achieved for zeta potential and formulations showed spherical morphology. Larger DL% were obtained for BMC@BSANPs-A, however, higher EE% were observed for BMC@BSANPs-E. While both formulations showed a sustained release behavior in-vitro with more release in acidic pH than neutral conditions, greater cumulative release percentage was obtained for BMC@BSANPs-A. BMC release in both formulations followed the first order kinetic model and release mechanism was controlled by Fickian diffusion. Finally, cytotoxicity tests on MCF-7 cancer cells showed the improvement of the anti-cancer effect of the formulations in comparison with the free BMC.

The present work is aimed at decreasing pollutants emitted by diesel engine exhaust tailpipe and enhancing performance by incorporating cobalt oxide nanoparticles in water emulsified diesel. Water concentration of 5% and 10% is used to prepare various WD emulsion blends, with nano particle dosage levels of 50PPM and 100PPM. High speed homogenizer and ultrasonicator devices are used to disperse water droplets in diesel. Surfactant mixture of span80 and tween20 is used to achieve long term stability of emulsified fuel. The functional groups of emulsified fuel are analysed using FTIR spectroscopy. The characterization of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is carried using scanning electron microscope. Physiochemical properties such as calorific value, density, viscosity of emulsion blends and pure diesel are determined and compared. Experimental results reveal that addition of cobalt oxide nanoparticles in emulsified fuel with increased dosage of 100PPM shows 23%, 33.3%, 25%, and 44.6% reduction in NOX, HC, CO and smoke emission compared to pure diesel. The improvement in BTE and BSFC were observed for all emulsion blends.