Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Year:2000 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (12)|Papers Count:20

Introduction and aim: Hypertesion is one of the major disorders in medicine. In several investigations in Iran the nomograms of children blood pressure were different with American standard nomograms. The aim of this study was to prepare the nomograms of children blood pressure in Birjand primary schools students.Methods: 1928 students were selected by a systemic and cluster sampling. Standard blood pressure measurements were done for each student.Results: In all groups' except 7 years student there was a positive correlation between age and the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The mean of diastolic blood pressure in both sexes and all ages were meaningfully more than the standard and the mean of systolic blood pressure was higher than the standard only in 7 years. The prevalence of hypertention was 8.7% and 7.1% in girls and boys respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the existing difference between the normal blood pressure in the Birjand and the standard nomogram, Iranian nomogram shoul be developed for evaluation of blood pressure.

Introduction and aim: Poisoning is a common and worldwide problem. This study was done to evaluate characteristic of accidental poisoned patients who admitted at emergency room, in Brijand, Iran.Methods: Surveillance of all 272 accidental poisoned patients admitted in Birjand emergency rooms was carried out between March 2001 and 2002 by completing a questionair.Data included demographic information, clinical presentation, indefication of toxic agent, management and outcome was obtained.Analysis of data was carried out using chi squire test and p≤0.05 as significant.Results: out of 602 poisoned patients, 272 (45.2%) were accidental and of these 221 (82.2%) were from Urban and 48 (17.8%) from Rural area. 101 (37.1%) were male and 171 (62.9%) female. The mean age was 19.39±9 and there was no deference in male and female.Out of 272 poisoned patient 91 (34.2%), 56 (20.8%), and 125 (45%) were in the 0-4, 5-18 and over 18 years age groups respectively.The household medicines including analgesics, NSAID, and benzodiazepines were involved most commonly (33.3%). They are followed by food poisoning (17.8%), opium (16.8%), chemical, co, and kerosene oil. In regard of toxic agent, there were significant deference between age groups and place of residents (p<0.01). There were no significant deference between male and female and educational status.Conclusion: Accidental poisoning was mainly due to household medicines and chemicals. There should be an effort to reduce accidental poisonings by strategies of education and introduction of safety container.

Introduction and aim: Microembolic signals (MES) are usually observed by transcranial Doppler technology in patients with mechanical heart valve. These MES are almost always asymptomatic. This Study was done to evaluate frequency of MES in middle cerebral artry in patients with prosthetic heart valve. Methods: This descriptive-study was carried out in 22 patients with prosthetic mitral valve (St jude).Prothrombine time, history of CVA and AF of the patients were evaluated and frequency of MES in middle cerebral artery was monitored for one hour.Results: 77% of the patients had shown MES. The mean frequency (MF) of MES in 2 patients who had suffered of stroke after valve replacement was 61 signals per hour (sph). The MF of MES in 20 other patients was 73 (sph). The MF of MES in 6 patients with INR> or=2.5 and 16 patients with INR < 2.5 were 143 and 51 (sph) respectively. In 13 patients with atrial fibrillation (mean INR 2.15) and 9 patients with sinusal rhythm (mean INR 2.40) MF or MES were 50 and 104 (sph) respectively.Conclusion: The MES in patients with mechanical heart valve are not fibrinous and frequency of these MES is not related to risk of stroke in these patients.

Introduction and aim: The X-ray is a harmful and aggressive radiation. The X-ray use in emergency rooms could be decreased with careful patient evolution by visiting physician at emergency rooms. This research was conducted to stimate the positive predictive value of physicians at Kerman emergency services for traumatic patients who reffered to radiology department of Kerman hospital in 2001.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and carried out on 353 patients. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument. Demographic information, chief complains, the type of X-ray requested, clinical judgment of physicions on lesion and the radiologic diagnosis made by different radiologist were recorded. In this study three radiologists reported the films separately and patients were followed for 24 hours.Results: According to the results the positive predictive value was 36% for hand, 29% for foot, 6% for vertebral column, 4% for skull and face, 13% for pelvice, 6% for ribs and 25% for clavicle.Conclusion: The Positive predictive value of physician in this study showed that the quality of emergency room services are low and it is necessary to employ especialist who have sufficient expertise in patient evaluation.

Introduction and aim: More than 20% of people are suffering from etopic allergic disease. For diagnostic tests and desensitization of allergic patients, the raw extract of allergens is used. However, these extract usually contain more than 50 different kinds of allergens along non-allergens protein molecules which causes difficulties for the use of extracts in diagnostic tests. The aim of this study was to produce a procedure that could extract all allergens from plants pollens while minimizing the amount non-allergenic material in extracts.Methods: Factors such a PH, morality of buffer, dialysis and shaking in comparison to mixing with the use of magnet in the SDS-PAGE extracting technique were studied. The composition of extracts by SDS-PAGE technique and protein measurement by Bradford technic were evaluated.Results: The SDS-PAGE protein extract, showed 6 bands in the range from 14 to 94 KD of relative molecular weights. Oialysis of extracts decreased background colore intensity and made the extracted protein bands sharper, especially in the region lower than 30 KD. In comparison with mixing, sampling by shaking method at 24 and 48 hours gave sharper protein bands.Conclusion: This study showed that changing the conditions during pollen extracting may neutralize the effects of agents that destroy the allergens.

Introduction and aim: HBV is ranked by the WHO as the nine major cause of death worldwide and there are recommendations for auditing of the HBV carriers in the literatures. This study was conducted to audit that known HBsAg+ and their families' members had received the recommendations by published guidelines.Methods: 71 with HBsAg+ from the 6223 of Blood Bank attendance for blood donating were followed for the registration in the Health Care Center and interviewed for testing of LFT, HbeAg/HBeAb, HBV ONA and Ultrasonography after the HBsAg+test was known and for the records of their families members for evidence of HBsAg serology testing and vaccination. A family member was defined as a person living in the same home. Results: Of the 6223 attendance for blood donating 808(12.98%) were female 5415 (87.2%) male, 90 (1.44%) HBsAg+. 71 of the 90 HBsAg+ were interviewed, 19 had moved out of the district and so not available for auditing. The total family contacts of 71 with HBsAg+ were 322. 140 (40.3%) had HBsAg serology testing and 29 of 140 (20.7%) were HBsAg+The remaining 111 members were addressed for vaccination and 3 (2.7%). of the 111 had not attendance for vaccination. Of the 71 interviewed individuals with HBsAg+, 32(45%) had Health Care Center registration, 30 (42%) LFT testing, 8 (11%) Ultrasonography, and none of them had records of AFP, HBV ONA and HbeAg/HBeAb testing.Conclusion: Screening was not successful for persons with HBsAg+and their families' members.

Introduction and aim: Alternative medicine is a prevalent phenomenon in most countries. Clarifying the role of alternative medicine in health delivery system could be benefical to health managers for better control and improving the quality of these services.Methods: In a cross-sectional study with two stage sampling method, 875 individual were selected data collected by a questionnaire containing 14 items. 7 questions was about demographic information and another 7 questions was about patient's chief complaints, type of alternative medicine used and the reson of this usage. Data anlyzed by SPSS program.Results: 547 (62.5%) individual out of 875, during the last 5 years, used at least one method of alternative medicine. 72% of them were female and 64.7% were house worker. 21% of them were illiterated and 10.1% had university education. The most common reasons for using alternative medicine were digestive (20.8%) and psychiatnic problems (17.9%). The use of alternative medicine was advised by relative (57.4%) and phxsicians (13.5%). The type of theropy used were phytotherapy, bless therapy phelebotomy and acupuncture 76.6%, 10.1%, 5.9% and 5.5% respectively. conclusion: The increasing tendency in majority of people toward alternative medicine should draw more attention of health authorities toward it.

Introduction and aim: Measuring height and weight are among the most useful tools to evaluate growth, nutrition and health of children. Since the growth is affected by genetic, racial, geographical and environmental factors, the growth charts differs from one population to another.The propose of this study is to determine the growth standards in children of 7-12 in Birjand and comparison of it, with NCHS and other studies, in Iran.Methods: 1928 primary school students, including 1010 boys and 918 girls were selected through two-stage sampling (cluster and systematically), and their height and weight were measured. The relevant percentiles of height and weight was established and compared with NCHS percentiles.Result: The height and weight percentiles of 7-12 years old children in Birjand are significantly lower than NCHS.With increasing age the reduction in the weight was more than height, and became significant. Conclusion: There is a difference between NCHS growth standard and this study. It is recommend that the regional growth standard should be developed by more comprehensive studies so that it could be used for evaluation of health and growth disorders for Iranian children.Regarding important role of nutrition in growth of children, improvement of nutritional state of children through family education specially for mothers, and improvement of economical situation is also advised.

Introduction and aim: Divorce is a social phenomenon with multiple adverse effects on family members. This study was done to compare anxiety, and aggression behaviors among teenagers of no divorced and divorced families.Methods: A case-control study from 12 to 18 years age students in Birjand, 80 from divorced, cases, and 80 from no divorce families, controls, selected with simple selection method. Both groups were matched regarding employment and education of parents, age and sex of teenagers, and their areas of living. None of the parents of both groups were died and neither of the students had history of admission to caring home for children. The data was collected by a questionnaire, self-rating questionnaires: [symptom clinical list 90 (SCL 90)] and an observation checklist. Analysis was done by SCL 90 and independent test.Results: Results indicate that aggression and anexity were 12.55±5.67 and 10.1±5.8 in teenager with divorced and 7.35±6 and 7.32±66 in teenager without divorced parents respectively (p<0.001). Anxiety among females and aggression among males of divorced families were more prevalent.Conclusion: The results of this study suggests that divorce is a stressful life event, especially for children and teenagers. The difference between boy and girl may be due to temperament.

Introduction and aim: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has respiratory changes and breathing difficulties as well as emotional upsets. Understanding the relationship between physical handicaps and emotional upsets and its evaluation could help the health personals, especially nurses providing better care and apropriate plans of managements for these patients.Methods: This research was a descriptive study carried out in year 2000 (1379) on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.37 patients who has had either chronic bronchitis or emphysema for the last 2 years and were residents of Birjand were selected. For evaluation of emotion, standard 30 item questionnaire (GDS) and for respiratory status evaluation a quesstionare containing 10 questions was used. The highest score in GDS questioner was 30 and those with good mood made lowest scores. Data analysis was done by Kruskal Wallis and McNamara tests.Results: The mean score in this study was 16.27. There were positive relationship between low mood status and daily dyspenea (p<0.000). he same inference was made regarding nocturnal dyspnea (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between mood status and the rhythm and type of respiration, i.e. abdominal or thoracic, regulr or irregular breathing (P<0.05).Conclusion: Breathing status of COPD patients is related to their depressed mood. hence these patients in any condition deserve psychologic support during their management.