Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2013 | Volume:19 | Issue:104|Papers Count:10

Background: Cultivated mammalian cells, because of their capacity for proper protein folding, assembly and post-translational modification, have become the dominant system for production of recombinant proteins in clinical application. Therefore, the quality and efficacy of protein can be superior when expressed in mammalian cells compared to other hosts such as bacteria. Gene reporter systems have contributed greatly to the study of eukaryotic gene expression and regulation. Although reporter genes have played a significant role in numerous applications, both in vitro and in vivo, they are most frequently used as indicators of transcriptional activity in cells. Luciferase-reporter assays are widely used to monitor the cellular events related to transduction and gene expression regulated by specific cascades, such as PRL/Jak2/Stat5 pathway.Methods: In this study, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was produced in eukaryotic Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell and production and concentration of rhGH verified by ELISA and western blotting. Then, the biological activity of rhGH was assessed by a gene reporter assay system (containing LHRE, TK promoter and Luc gene), using HEK 293 cells transfected with GH receptor and response element for STAT-5 measuring luciferase activity on a Berthold luminometer.Results: The date showed that rhGH could be produced by eukaryotic host in good quantities as assessed by ELISA and western blotting. The results of gene reporter assay showed that rhGH produced by CHO cells is able to induce GH intracellular cell signaling. The rhGH produced by CHO cells showed higher bioactivity when compared to commercial GH.Conclusion: rhGH could be produced in mammalian cell lines at high levels with higher bioactivity. Gene reporter assay is a sensitive, quantitative, rapid, easy, reproducible and safe system for assessment of bioactivity of recombinant proteins such as rhGH.

Background: Health Literacy is the capacity in which individuals have to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Limited health literacy can reduce adults’ ability to comprehend and adhere treatment plans. This study was designed and implemented to assess effect of health education on promoting knowledge and health literacy in women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: This randomize clinical trial study, was conducted among 160 women with type 2 diabetes, in two experimental and control groups. Tools of current study were a brief form of standard questionnaire (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, TOFHLA) and knowledge was measured by self-administrated questionnaire. Intervention in a form of small groups, was performed in 6 educational sessions (45-60minuts) in experimental group. In order to analyzing data, SPSS16 software was used and independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Whitney U ,Wilcoxon, Co-Variation, Chisquare were conducted.Results: Demographic variables of studied population in two groups was similar before intervention (p>0.05). Differences between the scores of Knowledge and Health Literacy in two groups, after and before intervention, was totally different (after, p<0.001) and (before, p>0.05).Conclusion: Study findings indicated that education with small group's strategy in experimental group, in comparison with current education is effective.

Background: Based on estimations, each year about 250 million work-related injuries and many temporary or permanent disabilities occur which most are preventable. Mining and metal industries are among industries with high incidence of injuries in the world. The aim of this study was assessment of incidence of and age and work experience characteristics in work-related injuries in mining and mineral industries in Iran.Methods: In a retrospective study data about severe non fatal and fatal work related injuries gathered from accident registry system of the governmental Iranian mining and mineral industries development & renovation organization (IMIDRO) between 2003 and 2011. Injury characteristics including injury types, injured body parts, injury outcome and also age and work experience categorized. Incidence rates and Injury characteristics assessed based on age and work experience groups in injured workers.Results: 10032 work-related injuries and 197 deaths were reported in the mentioned period. Mean age of injured workers was 33.9 (SD=8.4) years and mean work experience was 7.7 (SD=6.6) years. Age in 76 percent of cases was less than 40 years. 49.9% of them had work experience less than 5 years. Most common accident type was trauma and impact (27%) followed by falls (24.1%). Most common injured parts were lower limbs (33.3%) and upper limbs (33%). Most common accident outcome was strain and sprain (42.4%). There were some differences between age and work experience groups.Conclusion: Occupational injuries are more common in younger and less experienced workers. High risk workers should be recognized and suitable programs should be considered for them.

Background: Prolonged intubation and need to mechanical ventilation is an indication for tracheostomy. This procedure can be done, surgical or percutaneous. In this study, we compare surgical and percutaneous dilated tracheostomy.Methods: In this retrospective study, which was conducted in ICU wards of Rasool Akram Hospital from Mehr 1387 to Mehr 1390. We compared complication of tracheostomized patients in two groups.Results: In this study, early postoperative bleeding, in 11 cases, 1case (4.2%) in PDT group and 10 cases (17.5%) in surgical group was shown (with a significant difference). Surgical site infection in 1 case, 2 cases (7.4%) in PDT group and 1 case (4.2%) in surgical group was shown (with a non-significant difference). Subcutaneous emphysema in 11 cases, 2 case (8.3%) in PDT group and 1 case (1.7%) in surgical group with a significant difference, was shown. Other complications such as tracheal posterior wall were not shown in both groups.Conclusion: Because of lower complications rate and bedside PDT doing, percutaneous tracheostomy is a safe and suitable alternative for surgical tracheostomy.

Background: Given the increase in prevalence of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery and the significant role of psychological factors in prognosis and relapse of cardiac disease, the present study is designed to determine the relationship between psychological factors or impotency and quality of life of male patients following CABG.Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study 160 male patients were randomly selected four weeks after heart surgery and were administered DASS-21, IIEF-5 and SF-36 to assess anxiety, depression and stress, impotency and quality of life, respectively. Regression analyses (One-way ANOVA) and Chi-square were performed to analyze the data.Results: Findings showed that the average age of patients was 60 (±10) years. Among psychological variables the average score for depression was significantly related to the average scores of quality of life (p=0.02). Furthermore, 62.4% of patients had some degrees of depression; 86.7% had some degrees of stress and 47.3% had anxiety to some degree. Also, 85.5% of patients displayed mild to severe levels of erectile dysfunction which were significantly correlated with scores in anxiety (p=0.03) and depression (p=0.001). Finally, diabetic patients had higher scores in depression and stress compared to non diabetic patients.Conclusion: The findings are discussed in the context of proposing interventional strategies for improving psychological conditions of CABG patients.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate “the effect of intensive activity and regular exercise with carbohydrate ingestion on cortizol, lymphocyte, monocyte, white blood cell, fast blood suger, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4 to CD8 ratio, cell-mediated immunity”.Methods: This semi experimental, cross sectional and double blind study performed to investigate the responses of cell-mediated immunity after 12 weeks intensive activity and regular exercises. 39 sedentaryand healthy studentswith same-life style, were selected .They did not use cigarette, alcohol, supplementary and they had not infection diseases. Students selected randomly and then divided into three groups: Glucose and train (TG) 23±2.1years, 73±8.2 Kg, 179±4.7Cmand with 22±2.5 BMI. Train (T), 23.5±1.8 years, 71.7±7.8 Kg, 176.4±3.6 Cmand 22±1.9 BMI. Control (C) 23.7±1.1 years, 72.4±6.6 Kg, 174.8±3.5 Cmand 22±2 BMI, they did endurance and speed train for 12 weeks. TG group drank 2cc/Kg, glucose5% monohydrate & water solution, in the middle of their train session. T group drank 150-200 ml water. Bloods sample were withdrawn from antecubital vein after 14±2/hr fasting and evaluated before, immediately and after 48/hr of train. As well as cellular determined by immunology assay. For analyze in between groups ,one way ANOVA with significan used from modify method of green house-ghezer (GG), level p£0.05, were used.Results: There were not any differences in T, TG and C group before 12 weeks exercise. The amounts of cortizol in TG & T groups significantly increased after exercise, but there was a lower increase in TG group. Results was significantly decreased after 48/hrs of train in before and after train parameters. The FBS in TG and T groups had not any differences but in TG group / T group results was significantly lower, after 48 hours. There was not any diffrences in amount of LYM after train but after 48/hrs, it significantly increased in TG group. The amount of WBC increased in after train but significantly decreased after 48/hr in TG group. The CD4 significantly increased after train in TG group, and CD3 significantly increased after train and after 48/hrs in TG group. Monocytes, ratio CD4/CD8 and CD8 amount had not any differences in TG and T groups.Conclusion: This research showed that intensive activity and regular exercise with cabohydrat digestion induced increase some of immune cells and cellular defence against infection disease that caused from intensive exercises. Another finding of this investigation indicates that drinking a CHO solution during exercise, improves performance. This study has practical implications for those sports and drinking CHO solution during activity. Carbohydrates as a factor can increase security against infection disease risk in recovery time and after intensive exercise.

Background: Nystatin is a polyene with antifungal effect which is used in treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis in diverse forms. Increasing its utilization in recent years has led to predominant increasing of resistances. Nowadays for increasing of antifungal effect and decreasing of resistance and side effects of drugs they are used in combination with each other. So we decided to investigate antifungal effect of Nystatin in combination with nanosilver particles.Methods: This was an experimental study which has been accomplished on 30 samples of isolated candida species from patients effected to chronic candidal vaginitis. In this study the antifungal effects of Nystatin and silver nanoparticles each of them alone and in combination with each other by microdilution broth, were examined. Findings were described on the base of logestic regression and man-vitni exam.Results: Findings suggested that Nystatin was able to inhibit the growth of candida species at an expanded range of concentration between 16-128 microgeram per milliliter. As well antifungal activity of Nystatin with silver nanoparticles was increased in comparision with using Nystatin alone.Conclusion: Introduce of nanosilver in drug formation of Nystatin can be useful in treatment of chronic vaginal candidiasis.

Background: Educational programs for promotion of mental health in marital life are necessary. Ignorance of target group needs diminishes effectiveness of efforts in educational programs. This research aimed to report and compare mental health educational needs before and after marriage.Methods: In a cohort study in 2011, by random stratified sampling 450 males and females were selected. These were participated in pre-marital counseling in Hasheminezhad center in Tehran. A researched-made questionnaire was used to measure rate of mental health educational needs with 5 degree-Likert scale before and six months after marriage. Data were analyzed by Independent t-test, paired t-test and Prioritization was done by calculating mean rank. A P-value less than 0.05 have been considered as significant different.Results: “How to keep romance alive in marital life” topics was the first priority in both before and after marriage. Rates of mental health educational needs in both stages were more than average (3 degree). After marriage rate of needs was increased but it was not significant. Women in both stages report more rate of educational needs than men but this difference wasn’t significant.Conclusion: Designing mental health promotion educational programs based on people needs are necessary and these programs should be performed in different stages of life.

Background: Misdiagnosis and treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) usually cause some problems and also lengthen the hospitalization period and treatment costs. Prophylaxis often reduces the risk of DVT and following PTE, therefore in this study we aimed to determine the frequency of using Prophylaxis to prevent DVTs in Rasoul Akram hospital in Tehran, Iran.Methods: In this Retrospective descriptive study, 202 participants were chosen from the patients admitted for surgery in the surgery unites and randomly stratified and classified. Information was extracted for these participants, based on variables and the objectives of this study and after that the frequency of using prophylaxis to prevent DVT was calculated by using descriptive analysis tool.Results: Our study consisted of 105 male (%52) and 97 female (%48) patients in which 62 (%30.7) were from surgery unite, 52 (%25.7) orthopedic, 36 ( %17.8) Gynecology, 33 (%16.3) neurosurgery and 19 (%9.4) urology. 114 (%56.43) of participants received prophylaxis versus 88 (%43.56) the patients did not receive prophylaxis. 13 in high risk groups, 10 in the moderate risk group and 91 were in low-risk group.Conclusion: In our study, the correct usage of prophylaxis was in %24.3 of incidents, which was consistent with previous studies. In older populations who are subject to more risks in treatment, it is very important to employ more precise prophylaxis treatments. In this study only %14 of participants were from high risk group. Regarding the serious need for prophylaxis to prevent DVT in this particular population, the expansion of our studies toward those populations in higher risks is absolutely suggested.

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common form of synovial joint diseases which affect old people all around the world and can lead to chronic pain and severe disability. The aim of present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of swimming exercise on MIA-induced osteoarthritis in male rats’ knee joint.Methods: Eighteen Wistar male rats (weight of 173±1 g, 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: intact control, monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) only and swimming. Intra-articular injection of MIA (50ml) was applied on rats’ right knee, similarly saline was injected in left knees. Training program used in the study was swimming with moderate intensity for 28 days. After the completion of the protocol, rats were killed and both knees of the animals were assessed histopathologically. One-way ANOVA (p<0.05) and post-hoc Tukey test were used for statistical analysis of data.Results: Results indicated that moderate swimming training for 4 weeks significantly improved osteoarthritic symptoms of rats’ knee in 3 histopathological measures of Depth Ratio of Lesions (p=0.001), Total Degeneration Width (p=0.001) and Significant Degeneration Width (P=0.001).Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that a moderate swimming training program exerts a beneficial influence on cartilage lesions induced by monosodium iodo acetate injection. Thus, the training protocol used in this study can be recommended for the treatment of osteoarthritis.