SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2008 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (19)|Papers Count:17

In this study, 15 native male dogs were co11ectedin five groups (three dogs in each group): mid-stage fetus (42 days), late stage fetus (52 days), newborn, 6 month-old and adult dogs. Tissue sections were made by routine method for counting the number of neurons and density of nissl bodies of anterior and posterior horns of spinal cord in Cl, C4, C8, T4, T7, T13, L4, L7, S2, COl. The Hematoxylin-Eosin stainig were used for countining the neurons ce11bodies and tionin staining for detection of Nissl bodies density. Tissue processing was also done for electron microscopic study. Our result showed that there are significant differences between the number of neurons in C8, L7 and S2 segments compared to the other spinal cord segments in all groups (P<0.05).The highest density of Nissl bodies also belonged to these segments. These results were also observed at the electron microscopic level.

In order to investigate genetic and phenotypic trend, data associated with body weight at 12 week (BW12), egg number (EN), first egg weight (FTEW), body weight at sextual maturity (BWSM) and age at sextual maturity (ASM) during 2000 to 2003 of Fars native hen research center were analysed. Breeding values were estimated using animal model and by REML procedure. Estimates of heritability coefficient based on animal model were 0.37, 0.35, 0.43, 0.26 and 0.25 for BW12, BWSM, ASM, FTEW and EN respectively. Regression coefficient of the breeding value on generations indicated genetic trend during three generations for BW12 was positive. Negative regression of the breeding value on the generation indicated that in spite of 3 generation phenotypic selection for EN, no direct genetic trend was obtained.

The purpose of the present experimental study was introducing peritoneal dialysis for treatment of induced post renal uremic animals and comparison with conventional fluid therapy. Six mixed breed dogs were randomly divided into two groups. Patient preparation, anesthesia induction and maintenance were carried out routinely. Celiotomy was performed and after exposure of urinary bladder, incision was made on its ventral aspect. After induction of uremia, all dogs of both groups tolerated second operation to close the urinary bladder rupture and placing of dialytic catheter. Abdominal cavity was sutured routinely. Fluid therapy and peritoneal dialysis were carried out in fluid therapy and dialectic groups twice a day, respectively.As a result, the clinical parameters increased within two days after the first surgery and gradually dropped toward reference range while treatment began in both groups after the second surgery. Significant difference was seen in creatinine and BUN levels between two groups on day seven (P<0.05). According to the results, the peritoneal dialysis is preferable to fluid therapy to maintain uremic dog.

In a period of one year (started in autumn), 120 racehorses from 16 horse establishments around Tehran were evaluated for internal helminthes infection. Fecal samples were examined by flotation technique and strip of adhesive tape (Graham method) for diagnosis Oxyuris equi eggs. The first sampling was done randomly and the next seasons the sample was collected from the same horse. The results indicated the presence of Parascaris equorum, O. equi and strangyles eggs in 19.8%, 8.35%, 29.8% of tested samples respectively. Fecal culture showed that 100% of strongyle eggs belonged to small strongyles. There was a significant relation between age of the horse and prevalence of infection with P. equorum and strongyle was more prevalent in age group 0-2 years while O. equi was more prevalent in age group of more than 10 years. The effects of season on helminth infections was shown P. equorum and O. equi was more prevalent in autumn and winter and infection with strongyles in spring and summer. Although the rate of infection was high, the number of eggs per gram was low.

In order to study the blood serum lipid components and lipoproteins in camels (Camelus dromedarius), blood samples were taken from Jugular vein of 50 clinically healthy female camels in three age groups. (<2, 2-5 and>5 years). Triglyceride and cholesterol were measured by enzymatic method and lipoproteins were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The electrophoresis of the serum lipoproteins revealed three separate fractions included, a - lipoprotein (HDL), pre- b - lipoprotein (VLDL), and b lipoprotein . (LDL). The mean of HDL, VLDL and LDL were 54.5±10.5, 29±12.9 and 15.9±9.2percent, respectively. In this study the mean values of blood serum triglyceride and cholesterol were 16.4±8.1 and 23.8±7.6 mg/dl respectively. The triglyceride concentration was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 2-5 year-age group than the other groups (<2 and >5 years). The mean value of cholesterol was significantly higher (p<0.05) in <2 year age group than 2-5 and >5 years age groups. VLDL and LDL percent was significantly lower and higher in <2 year age group than the 2-5 and >5 year groups, repectively (P<0.05). The results showed that there was a negative correlation between triglyceride and HDL. There were positive correlation between cholesterol and LDL, VLDL (p<0.05). The serum cholesterol concentration decreased with age, whereas the percentage of LDL and VLDL increased (p<0.05).

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a large molecule that contains both lipid and carbohydrate which is pathogen and affects different animals and man. The purpose of the present report was to study the effects of single injection (IP) of different doses of E.Coli LPS ( 100,200 and 300 mg/Rat) on WEC count (total and diff. count), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen concentrations, and to study the role of diclofenac (2.5mg/kg, single dose, 1M) on the above parameters simultaneously. In this research, ninety six male wistar rats were divided randomly to 8 equal groups. Groups I, II and III were only injected with 100, 200 and 300 mg LPS (IP) respectively. Groups IV, V and VI were injected with LPS similar to .the above groups and also with diclofenac 2.5 mg/kg (1M). Group VII were injected only with diclofenac with the same dose and group VIII with normal saline as control group. Blood samples were taken by heart puncture from the rats in different times (0, 1 hr, 6 and 24 hrs) after injection. Statistical analysis of the data showed that WBC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count significantly decreased in I and 6 hrs after LPS administration in all groups (P<0.05). The total leukocyte count, neutrophils and lymphocytes increased in 24 hrs after LPS injection in group I to VI (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in the level of CRP in 6 and 24 hrs after LPS injection in groups I to VI (P<0.05). The level of CRP decreased in groups IV, V and VI (LPS + diclofenac) compared with the groups that were not injected with diclofenac (P<0.05). The changes of fibrinogen showed significant increase in all chal1enged groups (with or without diclofenac) in 24 hrs after LPS injection (P<0.05). Seemingly, injection of diclofenac with LPS did not affect the leukocyte changes (total and diff. count) and plasma fibrinogen concentration in rats. There was a slow increase of CRP in groups which received diclofenac compared to the others.

The Iranian blind cave fish (Iranocypris typhlops) is a unique taxon which only lives within a cave in Lorestan province in southwest of Iran. Despite the fact that this taxon is very valuable regarding genetically resources, as a result of receiving little attention it is highly threatened by extinction. In this investigation we studied morphology and histology of digestive tract in this interesting fish. To perform this task, 10 specimen of this taxon were captured from natural habitat and transferred to the laboratory where they were then sacrificed. Afterwards, we scrutinized their morphological characteristics by the aid of a stereomicroscope and later we processed them for histological observations. Subsequently, 7 micrometer sections were prepared which-were then stained by Hematoxylin & Eosin technique. Detailed examinations of the fishes showed that the mouth is horseshoe-shaped and located in an inferior situation (ventral side) of the head. Within it, there are three rows of pharyngeal teeth including inner, medial and outer rows, which bear 5, 3 and 3 teeth respectively. The esophagus is very short and lined with an epithelium containing numerous mucous folds. The stomach is not present. The anterior segment of the intestine is S-shaped which comprises about one half the guts. In this part, there are mucosal folds which show different sizes and mucous layer is thicker than other layers (submucosa, muscle layer and serosa). The distal portion of the intestine is straight (rectal) and terminates to the anal region. In general, the ratio of intestine length is 1.2, as compared to the body length. This study showed that the liver in this taxon is composed of two lobes, the right lobe being two-parts and bigger than the left one. The gall bladder is clear and spherical in appearance. The pancreas is red or orange and observed as scattered masses of cells on the mesentery of the digestive system.

Ultrasonography is one of the best modalities for the diagnosis of liver diseases in human and animals. There are numerous references about liver ultrasonography in dogs, cats and horses but about small ruminants the references are a few. The aim of this study was ultrasonographic technique and findings of the liver in the goat. This study was conducted on 10 clinically healthy adult female goats with the same age. The goats were shaved on their right side from the caudal region of elbow up to the flank and from transverse processes of vertebral up to the ventral aspect of the abdomen. Ultrasound examination of the liver was performed from the caudal aspect of 13th rib to the 6th intercostals spaces (ICS). Items surveyed in this study were the possibility of finding liver from each ICS, distance between the position of liver in each view from the dorsal midline while expiration, echogenicity of liver, depth of liver, depth and diameter of portal vein and caudal vena cava and position and size of gall bladder. The liver tissue was completely accessible from 7th to lih ICS and in the area directly caudal to the 13th rib. The liver could be scanned from 7thICS to lth ICS and' and in the area directly caudal to the 13th rib. The liver had homogenous echogenic parenchyma and hepatic and portal veins branches could be seen. The dorsal and ventral; margins of the liver had a curve course extended from lih to 7th ICS the liver was largest in the 8th ICS and the most thickness of it was in 8thand 9th ICS. Mean thickness of the liver was different from 4.1 to 5.6 cmfrom 12th to 7th ICS. The caudal vena cava and portal vein were visualized in 12th to 9th ICS and in the area directly caudal to the 13th rib. The gallbladder was pear-shape and oblong adjacent to skin and inter costal muscles in 9th to 11th ICS.

High- fibre food and doxycycline can produce gastrointestinal toxic effects and can cause death in rabbits by changing flora of intestine. In the present study, the role of metronidazole on the prevention of these effects was evaluated.Five groups (n=8) of rabbits were studied for 20 days. Group 1 received usual diet (as control), group 2 received high-fibre diet, group 3 usual diet and doxycycline (3 mg/kg-po), group 4 high-fibre diet and metronidazole (40mg/kg-po), and group 5 received usual diet, doxycycline (3 mg/kg-po) and metronidazole (40 mg/kg-po). During this study, any side effect was recorded. In the end of the study, the rabbits were euthanized by thiopental sodium. Then, intestines and liver were inspected for diarrhea, hemorrhage, ulcer and necrosis studies. Contents of rabbit intestines were examined for clostridia. Percentages of mortality in groups 2, 3, 4 were 37.5, 62.5, and 25 respectively. Diarrhea was only observed in all rabbits in group 2. Percentage of intestinal hemorrhage and ulceration in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 87.5, 100, 62.5 and 37.5 respectively. Hepatic necrosis in group 2 and 4 were 12.5% and 37.5% respectively. Clostridium was isolated from feces of rabbits of groups 2 and 3.The results of the present study are similar to other "relatedstudies. The high-fibre diet and doxycycline changed intestinal flora and produced diarrhea and death. Metromidazole could prevent side effects of doxycycline better than side effects of high-fibre diet.

The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between the blood concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, selenium and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Mehraban fat-tailed sheep. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 50 clinically healthy non-pregnant ewes. In each serum sample the concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, manganese and selenium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Erythrocyte SOD activity was measured by the modified method of nitro blue tetrazolium. Data were analyzed by regression analysis (Spearman non parametric and Pearson correlation).There was no significant correlation between the blood concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, selenium and SOD (P>0.05) in the animals. The physiological conditions of non-pregnant ewes were similar. However, there was no explanation for the lack of proportionality among blood copper, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium and SOD activity and further investigation is needed to clarify this point.

In order to evaluate the effects of adding probiotic Bioplus 2B on daily feed consumption, feed convertion ratio, egg product, yolk cholesterol and egg shell thickness, seventy-five 36-week-old native laying hens were kept in cage for 60 days. It should be mentioned that Iranian domestic hens were selected for this research according to their criteria as they are Asian hens groups. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replicates with 3 hens per each replicate. The recommended level for this probiotic is 400 grams/ton in commercial hen's ration. Treatment 1 as a control group received basal diet without probiotic, but treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed basal diet with 200, 400, 600 and 800 gr/ton probiotic. Results show that the mean of the daily feed consumption was significantly lower in treatments 2 , 3 and 4 (90.23 gr) than control group (91.33 gr), (p<0.05), but this parameter in treatment 5 was the most amount (92.33 gr). Furthermore, feed convertion ratio, egg product and its weight between different treatments were not statistically significant .The third treatment has the least yolk cholesterol level in comparison to the control group (11.531 vs. 13.258 mg per gram yolk), (p<0.05). The average of egg shell thickness increased by adding probiotic, so that the most thickness was related to the third treatment (0.375 mm), (p<0.05). It is concluded that probiotic could increase the product and performance in domestic hens.

Monthly comparison of milk urea concentration and their interrelationships were studied in 220 goats and 136 ewes in 2005-6 in Urmia. The amount of 50 ml milk was prepared monthly up to 5 months. Milk urea concentration was evaluated by Bertholet method using urea kit (Ziest-Chinii, Iran) in spectrophotometer. Mean for goat's milk urea concentration (GMU) from one to 5 months and overall were 35.2, 30.9, 19.7,27, 35.1, 28.6 and for ewes milk urea (EMU) were 21.7, 41.9, 41.2, 36.9, 50.2, 36.7 mg/dl, respectively. GMU concentration decreased irregularly while EMU increased regularly during the lactation. The range for the whole period of lactation for GMU and EMU were from 7.74 to 72.7 and 11.9 to 89.1 mg/dl, respectively. Mean comparison of the GMU and EMU showed differences (P<0.0l) among lactation months. Mean GMU at 3 months and EME at first month were different from other months of lactation. There was no correlation among lactation months in GMU and EMU, but correlation was found between GMU at 2 and 4 months of lactation (r=0.40, P<0.01) It is concluded that milk urea concentrations in goats and ewes were different during the lactation months but they were at the recommended level in bibliography. The presence of differences between GMU and EMU during the lactating months was the reflection of the metabolism and physiological procedures, but the differences were statistical and not biological values. Urea was confirmed in milk goats and ewes and the concentration in ewe’s milk was greater than in goat’s milk that requires further study in relation to economic and hygiene importance. The lack of correlations between parameters under study shows their non-independent characteristic in source of their production.

In this study, histopathology of the Hyalomma anatolicum anato/icum midgut after feeding on the immunized rabbits against anti-gut antigens was investigated. At first, ten Newzealand white rabbits of both sexes of 4-5 months of age were divieded in two groups of five rabbits. The rabbits were inoculated by subcutaneous route in 3 divided doses on days 0, 14, and 28 with antigen drived from ticks gut in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and incomplete adjuvant (PIA). Control group was only inoculated with saline and adjuvants. Two weeks after the third immunization, each rabbit of case and control groups was challenged with ten pairs of adult H.a.anatolicum ticks. Engorged ticks were collected and fixed in 10% buffer formalin. The col1ected ticks were processed for histopathogical examination. The sections were stained with toluidine blue. Microscopice examination only showed the destruction of midgut digestive cel1s of ticks that were fed in immunized rabbits. The results of the study showed that the mechanism of immunity of these antigens are similar to the commercial anti- Boophilus vaccine.

Cryptosporidium spp is an important zoonotic intestinal protozoan parasite. This parasite is an intestinal parasite and primary pathogen causing acute diarrhea in man and animals. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp infection in pigeons in city of Kerman from April 2005 to April 2006.Faecal samples from 400 pigeons (each season 100 samples) were collected randomly. Detection of oocysts was performed using' the formalin- ether sedimentation method and the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in 2.5% of the samples (10/400). The highest rate of infection was in season of winter and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Diarrhoea was recorded in five of the positive pigeons. Prevalence was significantly higher in diarrhoeic (5.7%) versus non-diarrhoeic (1.6%) pigeons (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between prevalence in male and female pigeons (P>0.05).The results showed that local pigeons probably may have a role in the transmission of Cryptosporidium infection for other birds and human.

Lernaea cyprinacea is one of the most important parasites in fresh water fish in the world. First report of this parasite was recorded in 1983 and afterwards it has been reported from various water resources in Iran. In this paper, a heavily and unusual infestation of Bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) to L.cyprinacea is reported from a cyprinid fish pond in Tehran. 1462 parasites were found on head, trunk, fins, gills, oral cavity, eyes, nose, throat and anal of the fish. The rate of infestation and mean of parasite per fish in the pond in this species were 3.92% and 4±1.45 respectively. The weight; standard length, feeding status and mobility of this fish showed no significant differences with the mean of species in pond. The fish intestine was full of food without any obvious changes in internal organs. In bacterial culture of the kidney and liver, no bacterial infection was detected. Some adult parasites with egg sacs and anchor were checked in parasitology lab and the parasite was recognized as Lernaea cyprinacea.