SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2005 | Volume:8 | Issue:9-10|Papers Count:13

The purpose of this investigation was to observe clinical reactions and hematological and serum biochemical alterations in repeated blood transfusion from sheep to sheep. Cross matching was performed between donor (5 sheep) and recipient (five male sheep aged 2-3 years). Blood samples were collected to determine the control values before blood transfusion. Cross match test did not show agglutination or obvious hemolysis. Thus, blood transfusion from sheep to sheep was performed in three consecutive days (250 ml blood in each time of blood transfusion). Blood samples were taken from recipients at times 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after transfusion. Complete blood count and determination of total protein, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and serum protein electrophoresis were performed. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's muitiple range test to detect significant differences among the means. After blood transfusion, serious reactions were not observed.After the blood transfusion (from 0 to 48 hours), the number of RBCs, hemoglobin concentration, PCV, the number of WBCs and the percentage of neutrophils significantly increased (P<0.05). Following the blood transfusion (from 24 to 72 hours) the concentration of bilirubin, total protein, gamma globulin and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased (P<0.05). Blood transfusion (750 ml for 3 consecutive days) can be given safely without blood typing and cross matching. In this state, the immune system of sheep was stimulated and in subsequent transfusions can raise the risk of transfusion reactions.

Improvement of cheese sensory characteristic with due attention to nutritional & economical importance has been necessary. So investigation of volatile compounds and factors that affect this kind of reactions is very essential. For this reason, as a part of a study concerning the biochemical changes during ripening of Iranian-white brined cheese; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for identification of aroma and flavour components. Volatile components of 45-day old white brined cheese were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation- extraction (SDE, Likens-Nickerson). Prepared extracts were analysed by injection of 1  m.l on a GC-8060 coupled to a MS Terio-1000. Identification of the volatiles was based on comparison of the spectra with those of the NIST library. Semi- quantitative determinations of the volatile constituents were calculated by relating the peak intensities to the intensity of internal standard and were expressed as ng per gram of cheese. Most of the volatile fractions were composed of methylketones, fatty acids, lactones, aldehydes, dimethyl disulfide and trimethyl disulfide.

The Purpose of this study was to determine whether defined dietary manipulations would enhance colonization of mice experimentally challenged with the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli. Weanling C3H/HeJ mice (n=32) were divided into 4 groups of 8. The first groups (control) were fed on a standard balanced mouse diet, the 2nd. group diet supplemented with 50 ppm zinc bacitracin (ZnB), the 3rd. one with 50% (w/w) lactose, and the last group with both supplements. All mice were then challenged orally with 1 ml of 109 cell/ml a chicken strain of B.pilosicoli (WesB); the mice were kept for 40 days following challenge.Feeding of lactose significantly increased the weight of the caecum and its contents. None of the mice fed on the standard diet. or receiving ZnB or lactose alone become colonized following experimental challenge, whilst all mice receiving both lactose and ZnB became colonized and remained so through the experimental period. The colonization was associated with an end-on attachment of the spirochete to the epithelial cells of the caecum. Colonized mice developed a specific humoral antibody response to the spirochete. This study demonstrates that diet has an important effect on colonization of mice with B.pilosicoli, and that the diet can be manipulated to enhance colonization.

In this research, to define side effects of isoproterenol or isoprenaline (a beta adrenergic drug) on weight and cell structure of cat submandibular gland, ten female adult cats were used. The animals were divided in two groups, control and treatment. Treatment group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 1.7 mg per animal isoproterenol dissolved in 5 ml of sterile distilled water for 20 days. The control group received 5 ml of sterile distilled water. In the end of the experiment both animal groups were anesthetized with Ketamin and authonized with overdose of Nesdonal. The left and right submandibular glands were dissected and were selected for histomorphological studies. Chronic treatment of isoprenaline with dosage of 1.7 mg per cat {range of b.w.2-2.5kg) for 20 days revealed remarkable changes on weight and cell structure of submandibular gland. In the treatment group, the mean weight of submandibular gland increased from 1388 mg to 1878 mg. It showed 1.35 folds in wet weight as compared to the control group. By statistical analysis using t-test between left and right glands, the weight changes of left submandibular gland were seen more than the right one and were statistically significant (P<0.05). Histological studies showed hypertrophy of secretory units with detectable of serous demilunes in treatment group.

This study was performed on testes of 74 buffalo fetuses, with measurement ranging from CRL=4cm to 70cm. The samples were collected mainly from Ahwaz slaughterhouse. The study was based on biometry and descent of testes. In biometrical study, right and left testes were equal in length, width, depth and weight. The testes showed a rapid growth rate at first, then slowed down. They showed sesamoidal and spheroidal appearance at first, but became elongated ellipsoid gradually. Intra-abdominal descent occurred at about CRL=20cm prenatally.The right testes descended first. There was not any extra-abdominal descent in fetal life.

Local suppurative infections of the liver do not cause clinical signs of hepatic dysfunction unless they are particularly massive or extensively metastatic, so the hepatic abscesses usually found in the liver at the time of slaughter or necropsy are often well encapsulated with thick fibrotic walls and therefore haematologic analysis and liver function tests are not useful indicators of liver abscesses. This study was carried out to find the occurrence of liver abscesses in cattle slaughtered in Ahvaz (Iran). Livers from 420 randomly selected cattle were examined.Specimens were obtained at the local slaughterhouse. The animals were selected from both sexes and divided into five age groups (group A: less than 2 year, group B: 2-3 years, group C: 3-4 years, group D: 4-5 years and group E: more than 5 years). Liver was examined, and the number, location and size of abscesses were recorded and then sampling for bacterial culture was done. Statistical analysis was performed using Z-test and X2 methods. Of the 420 cattle examined, 25 (5.95%) had abscesses. The rate of liver abscesses in male and female was 7.6% and 4.7%, respectively. According to presence of abscesses there was no significant difference between the two sexes (P>0.05). The rate of liver abscesses in different age groups A, B, C, D and E were 4.2%, 5.1%, 9.5%, 8.5% and 5.6%, respectively and there was a significant difference between them (P<0.05). Most of the abscesses were found in the left lobes (56.0%) and in diaphragmatic surface (92.3%) of livers and there was high significant difference between different liver lobes and two surfaces (P<0.01).The following bacteria were isolated: Arcanobacterium pyogenes (19 cases) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (3 cases). In three cases the abscesses were sterile.

To evaluate the safety quality, 80 samples of confectionary creams were collected from 5 different areas of Ahvaz city (South, North, West, East and Center). In Coliform count of the samples, a mean of 95% were contaminated higher than Standard Level (>10 CFU / gr) and the average of Coliform count in samples was 2.73x 104/gr. E-coli were isolated from 88.75% of all samples. The result of this study shows that the contamination of confectionary creams to Coliforms and E-coli in the different parts of Ahvaz are almost the same. The difference of contamination rate between cold and warm seasons was not statistically significant.

Dermatophytosis among cattle is considered to be of prime importance as it might transmit to man which can cause economic losses. In this study we attempted to find the causing organisms that cause cattle dermatophytosis in Tehran and the outskirts. The samples were examined through direct smear using 20% KOH. The samples were also cultured in two series of Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates containing either chloramphenicol or cycloheximide (SCC).Cultures were incubated at two different temperatures, 25oC and 370C. The head of animals was the most affected organ and the neck infection with less prevalence at the second position.The incidence of infection was shown to be higher in both winter and spring seasons. The incidence of dermatophytosis among cattle was reduced by aging. Our observations showed that Trichophyton verrucosume was the exclusive fungal causing agent involved in dermatophytosis among the cattle studied in the present work. Dermatophytosis in cattle shows a worldwide distribution and in most cases T. Verrucosume is the major organism involved.

Two 1.5 and 2.5-year-old female German Shepherd dogs were suddenly dead in a factory around Tehran. According to the owner, the dogs were healthy, vaccinated and dewormed but the carcasses were found on the factory yard in the morning. At necropsy, the carcasses were congested and cyanotic. The liver and kidneys were dark and congested and the lungs were congested and edematous. Characteristically, the stomaches of the dogs were filled with undigested food. Stomach contents and liver were analyzed for strychnine, nicotine, morphine, cyanide and zinc phosphide. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) confirmed the presence of strychnine in stomach contents and liver. Histopathologic examination revealed severe edema and congestion of all tissues especially kidneys, liver and lungs. The true incidence of strychnine toxicosis in animals is unknown in Iran but it seems that strychnine is the most common source of dog poisoning. Strychnine is used for destroying stray dogs especially in large urban areas. Malicious poisoning in dogs is also recorded.

In this report perineal hernia was diagnosed clinically in a 10 - year - old intact male German shepherd dog. The examination showed a liquid filled lump in the right side of the anus, and history taking revealed the animal has had complete anuria, anorexia and severe depression since 4 days ago. Needle aspiration showed urine in the lump, and BUN and serum creatnine were much higher than normal values (BUN=110 mg/dl, Cr=5 mg/dl). Ultrasonographical findings confirmed bladder has been herniated through the pelvic diaphragm into the ischiorectal fossa. Celiotomy was carried out to evaluate the extent of damage and repositioning of the bladder. Congestion and multi petechial hemorrhages were seen on the bladder. Broad spectrum antibiotic and soft food were administrated after surgery. Urinary incontinence was the main problem after the operation but it improved in 10 days by prednisolone administration (0.5 mg/kg, po, bid). Two months later perineal hernia recurred. Simultaneous perineal herniorrhaphy and castration solved the problem and long-term follow-up did not show any complication.