SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2016 | Volume:12 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Yersiniosis is one of the most important fish bacterial diseases cause by ofYersinia ruckeri. Isolation, characterization and of protein profile of Yersinia ruckeri were studied in some affected rainbow trout farms in Iran. The kidney and spleen samples from 16 fish farms in Charmahal-va-Baakhteyiari, Mazandaran and Qazvin provinces were cultured on blood agar at 220C for 48 hours and the grown bacteria were characterized by phonotypical and molecular studies. Biochemical and molecular works resulted in identification of six isolates ofYersinia ruckeri. The whole proteins of the six recovered isolates of Yersinia ruckeri subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphat - poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the protein profiles of 5 isolates were highly similar to each other and only one isolates showed 5% difference with other isolates. Therefore, these results show that some farmed trout in Iran are affected by Yersinia ruckeri isolates of high homology. Also, such results could be useful for protection aims such as immunization.

Although heart has been consistently considered as one of the most sensitive organs in medical basic science researches, there was not any available report about embryology and macroscopic developmental growth in sheep heart. Therefore, this study was done to investigate morphology and morphometry of sheep heart in fetal period. In present study, 41 sheep fetuses were collected from slaughterhouses and fixed in 10% formalin solution. These fetuses were divided into 3 groups according to their crown – rump – length. First group has CRL£15 cm, second group has CRL: more than 15 cm and less than 30 cm and the last group has CRL³30 cm. Fetal CRL were 6 to 40 cm, approximately resulting in ages from 48 days to 120 days. Morphometrical parameters of the fetal heart include: heart weight, long and short diameters of the heart, circumference of the heart, cranial and caudal borders, length of right and left ventricles, thickness of right and left ventricles wall and interventricular septum of the heart were measured. The results showed that the body weight process and increasing of the mentioned parameters followed by fetus aging. Also, there was not significant difference between both sexes. The chart of their process showed an ascending increase from 99 days onwards and their growth rate was higher from these days. From the morphological standpoint, the fetal heart showed sharp apex and had right and left atriums, right and left ventricles and coronary groove. The study of internal surface of the hearts showed some small tendons in the ventricles. They did not have any links between papillary muscles and valve cusps in the ventricles chambers. They called small moderate bands. The results showed that concomitant with general developmental growth of fetal sheep body like weight and length, also the fetal heart showed increasingly growth in all dimentions.

Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is one of the most important immunosuppressive in chickens. Circoviruses are non-enveloped and icosahedral viruses. Their genomes are circular, single-stranded DNA. The CAV is recently re-classified as the only member of the genus Gyrovirus. The severity of clinical disease depends on several factors, including virus dose, age at infection. It is believed that the development of age resistance is strongly associated with the maturation of immune system. The aim of this study was to detect CIAV infection in broiler chickens of Khuzestan province, Southwestern of Iran. Samples from 50 broiler chicken at slaughterhouse were collected randomly 10 liver tissues. Results showed 32 (64%) of 50 broiler chicken were positive with PCR. Thirteen of 24 farms (54.16%) in broiler chickens were positive by ELISA test. It was concluded that CAVs infection widespread in broiler flocks of this area and proved high rate subclinical form of CIAV in broiler poultry farms.

Mesobuthus eupeus is one of the 6 dangerous scorpions in Khouzestan province, Iran. In this research, changes of hemogram and erythrocyte osmotic fragility due to scorpion envenomation and the protective effect of polyvalent antivenom and quercetin in rat were studied. Ninety male wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. in Group 1 (control group) normal saline (0.5 ml), group 2 scorpion venom (1.5 mg/kg), group 3 scorpion venom (1.5 mg/kg) and 20 min later antivenom (2.5 ml/kg), group 4 scorpion venom (1.5 mg/kg) and 20 min later quercetin (200 mg/kg), group 5 scorpion venom (1.5 mg/kg) and 20 min later antivenom (2.5 ml/kg) and quercetin (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. Blood samples were collected, intracardially in 1, 3 and 24 hours post envenomation, with 6 rats in each sampling. Hemogram results showed an insignificant decrease in PCV and Hb, in groups 2 and 4, 24 hours post envenomation which was not observed in groups 3 and 5. In all evenomed groups (2, 3, 4 and 5), there was also a significant increase in platelet count, one hour after injection, and a significant increase in neutrophils and decrease in lymphocytes, 3 hour post envenomation. Additionally, an increase in osmotic fragility was seen in all venom treated groups that was significant in salt dilutions of 0.45, 0.40 and 0.35, percent compared to control group (p<0.05). It can be concluded that Mesobuthus eupeusvenom can increase erythrocyte osmotic fragility and induce neutrophilia. In addition, although separate or concurrent administration of antivenom or quercetin improve erythrocyte indices, but they do not make any protective effects on erythrocyte osmotic fragility and leukogram post scorpion envenomation, in dose and timings applied in this study.

Although oral vaccination has numerous advantages over other routes, degradation of the vaccine antigens in the gut and low uptake in the gut associated lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract still complicate the development of oral vaccines in fish. Chitosan nano- particles have recently been shown to possess significant potential as oral drug delivery systems. In this study chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and characterized with respect to size and morphology then used as oral adjuvant with Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine (AHB) in Cyprinus carpio. Three hundred and sixty juvenile C. carpio (46.5±4.67 g) were randomly divided in four groups in triplicates. Groups 1 and 2 received orally AHB and AHB+ nanochitosan respectively. Fish in groups 3 received nanochitosan in food, whereas group four received just basal diet free AHB or nanochitosan. Experimental diet of each group administrates at days 1-5 and 20-25 of study. Blood samples were taken from all groups at days 25, 40 and 55 of study. Immunological parameters including: serum lysozyme, bactericidal and complement activity, leukocyte NBT activity as well as serum IgM and anti A. hydrophila antibody titer were compared among the groups. Then, fishes of each groups challenged with live Aeromonas hydrophila and mortality rate recorded for 10 days. Results showed that some none specific immunological parameters improved significantly. Serum lysozyme, bactericidal and NBT activity increased in group 2 (vaccine+nanochitosan) in all sampling periods (P<0.05). Slight increase in immunological parameters were seen in groups 1 and 3. Complement activity showed no significant change among the groups. although anti A hydrophila antibody titer were increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 at 25 and 40 days of study (P<0.05), no change were seen among the groups in antiA. hydrophila antibody titer at 55 days of study (P>0.05). Mortality after challenge with A hydrophila didn’t affected by oral vaccination with AHB or AHB+nanochitosan. There were no significant change in mortality rate among the groups (P>0.05). Conclusively, although immunization with AHB and nanochitosan in oral route improve some none specific immune response of C. carpio, no significant change in anti A hydrophila antibody titer and challenge mortality rate were seen in treated fish.

Despite the critical importance of minerals as a fractional component of hormones, enzymes, tissues and body fluids, they are not produced in the animal body and must be fed by the diets. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at determining the basic data of serum mineral (SM) and thyroid hormone (STH) concentrations and their relationships in different gender and age groups of Caspian miniature horses fed diets with different mineral contents. This research was conducted on twelve horses using a balanced change over design with four treatments (9 replicates per treatment) in 3 periods and 4 blocks (two genders and two age groups<3 and ≥3 years). Each period extended for 56 days with 7 days interval between the periods. Two different levels (0 and 4.86 % of diet) of minerals were added to one of two different levels of daily dry matter intakes (50 and 100 % of requirements) to make the dietary treatments. The SM and STH contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Elisa methods, respectively, using blood samples collected from all horses at the end of each period. The mean values of T3, T4, FT3, TSH, and T3/T4 ratios were higher in females than males. The STH was not affected by the dietary treatments and age. The serum Cu content was affected by the dietary treatments. Significant Pearson correlations were observed between T3 with Ca/K (r=0.377), T4 with Ca/K (r=0.331). Due to the body's homeostatic control mechanisms in healthy animal, the SM and STH concentrations were not affected by the dietary treatments during the experimental period of this study. The ratios between minerals showed better correlations with STH concentrations than the minerals individually.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of differernt methods of forced molting on immune, changes of blood parameters and reproductive traits of laying hens. In this experiment, one hundred eighty 52-week- old Hy- Line layers with 6 treatments, 5 replicates and 6 birds per each were used in completely randomized design. Treatments were 1- feed withdrawal, 2- diet containing 50 percent alfalfa meal and 50 percent layer ration, 3- diet containing 75 percent of alfalfa meal and 25 percent layer ration, 4- diet containing 100 percent of alfalfa meal, 5- whole grain barley and 6- deit containing high level of zinc (zinc at 20g/kg of diet). The results showed that triglyceride and HDL concentrations of birds that fed whole grain barley were higher compared to other treatments in 10 d (P<0.05). Also concentration of cholesterol and LDL in the treatment of barley whole grain, 75 and 100% alfalfa meal were lower than the other treatments. At day 10, 75% alfalfa: 25% layer ration group had highest and at day 28, zinc group had lowest antibody titers against SRBC (P<0.05). Different methods of force molting increased white follicles in birds fed 75% alfalfa meal significantly and decreased it in feed withdrawal group and birds fed 100% alfalfa meal (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that use of 75% alfalfa meal and whole grain barley had beneficial effect on blood lipid parameters and antibody titers against SRBC during force molting of laying hens.

Consumption of harmful edibles during pregnancy may cause fetal abnormalities in development of various systems, including the visual system. Awareness and realizing of harmful factors can lead to a decrease in birth injury. Considering the importance of the visual system development and due to caffeine is frequently used during pregnancy, this study investigated the effect of caffeine on neonatal rat during the formation of embryonic visual system. In this experimental study 24 Wistar pregnant rats were divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Experimental groups received 50 and 100 mg/kg daily 8-21 GD (gestational days) intraperitoneal of caffeine, respectively and the control group received normal saline. Offspring were collected and eyes were removed at day 21. offspring’s were studied for macroscopic abnormalities, also histological and histomorphometric evaluation of lens were performed. The results showed that caffeine consumption during pregnancy can cause delay and defects in eye development including the lens and also the maximum and the most important histomorphometric changes was occurred at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Moreover, data showed that significant reduction of offsprings weight in experimental groups and reduction of crown rump length in experimental groups in comparison with control group. Accordance to microscopy and histopathology evidence, caution is recommend caffeine intake by pregnant women.

An infertility cause in women is diabetes. One of the organs that diabetes has adverse effects on its structure and function is ovary. Nano zinc oxide (nZnO) is the one of zinc derivatives that has been mentioned as a potent anti-diabetic agent in recent studies. Moreover, zinc is an important element in fertility. Thus, at the present study nZnO effects on ovary in diabetic rats has been compared with zinc oxide. Fourty adult female wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as control, sham (normal saline), diabetic (STZ=60 mg/kg, IP), Diabetic receiving ZnO (30 mg/kg) and diabetic receiving nZnO (30 mg/kg). After treatment for 4 weeks, every animal blood glucose and body weight were measured. Following euthanasia, the ovaries were isolated and floated in appropriate fixative. Five μm sections were prepared as routine histotechnique and stained and studied by light microscopy. Diabetes reduced primordial follicles and corpus luteum numbers (P<0.05) while it had no effect on other follicles including primary, secondary and tertiary follicles and also follicular diameter. ZnO administration prevented reduction of primordial follicles and corpus luteum numbers (P<0.05). nZnO administration prevented reduction of primordial follicles and also increased corpus luteum numbers (P<0.05). In comparison with ZnO, nZnO may have more protective and stimulatory effects on folliculogenesis.

The tarsal joint is anatomically complex region with many short bones, joints, ligaments, and tendons. The joint lesions of the water buffalo limbs are the most commen lesion encountred in the clinics. In addtion, the tarsal joint is a region of trumatic injuries, and joint affections due to lack of approrpoite soft- tissues covering. The aim of the study was to access complete and accurate detailed anatomical featuers of ligaments of the tarsal joint in Khuzestan river buffalo. The right and left of the pelvic limbs (cut from the one-third part of the distal part of the tibia to the one-third of the proximal part of the metatarsus) were obtained from five river buffalo bulls, aging approximatly 2-3 years old, from Ahvaz slaughterhouse. The short tarsal bones were located between of the distal extremity of the tibia, malleolus of the fibular bone proximally and the metatarsal bones distally. The bony structures of the tarsal joint consisted of calcaneus, talus (proximal row), centroquartal bones (intermediate row), the first and fused second and third tarsal bones (distal row). The ligaments of the tarsal joint included of 1) lig. collaterale laterale/ mediale longum, 2) lig. collaterale laterale breve: pars calcaneofibularis, pars talofibularis, pars calcaneometatarsea, 3) lig. collaterale mediale breve: pars tibiocalcanea, pars tibiotalaris, pars tibiocentralis, 4) ligg. tarsi proximale: lig. talocalcaneum laterale, lig. talocalcaneum plantare, 5) ligg. tarsi distalia: lig. tarsi dorsi: lig. talocentrodistometatarseum; lig. tarsi plantaria: lig. plantaria longum; lig. tarsi interossea, and 6) lig. tarsometatarsea. In comprative-anatomical aspect, the pars talofibularis of lig. collaterale laterale breve, the pars tibiotalaris and pars tibiocentralis of lig. collaterale mediale breve, lig. talocentrodistometatarseum, and lig. plantaria longum of the present studied river bufaloes differ from those of reoprted ruminants animals.

Due to the harmful effects of antibiotics residues on human health, it is important to monitor their residues in foods. In this study, 15 milk samples have gathered randomly of 4 collected milk centers with containing 4000 liter in 15 different times and samples were referred to lab for HPLC test. Eighty Percent out of total samples were contaminated with tetracycline and oxytetracycline. Twenty Percent of samples were negative to them. In 26.5% of samples were contaminated to both of them and 53.5% of samples were contaminated only to one antibiotic. HPLC method showed that tetracycline and oxytetracycline residues mean in cow milk were 0.588 mg/ml and 0.722 mg/ml respectively and both of them were contaminated more than maximum residue level limit (MRL). Statistically, there was no significantly different between mean of antibiotics (p>0.05). on the basis results of this research, monitoring of antibiotic residues in raw milk, control and minimize these kinds of contamination is necessary for human health.