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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Author(s): 

RASEKH MOHAMMAD

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    33-54
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    255
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In this essay, along with emphasizing on the significance of law in contemporary life, we have referred to its interdisciplinary characteristic feature. We have, then, briefly introduced the first two Iranian legal generations. They are named "founder" and "glossarist" generations and emergence of a third "theorist" one is predicted. Moreover, methodological hindrances in the way of legal development are discussed. To this effect, it is claimed that legal reasoning should move in intra- and inter-disciplinary directions. The fact that legal reasoning in the country has become too technical, far from theoretical analysis, derives from ignoring the necessity of the said move. Furthermore, substantive underdevelopments are taken into consideration. They comprise "jurisprudence and legal theory", "philosophy of rights" and "philosophy of value". Finally, in order to boost the formation of a third legal generation, changes in legal undergraduate education are put forward.

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Author(s): 

JABARI MANSOUR

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    7-32
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1748
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The Warsaw Convention of 1929 and the Montreal Convention of 1999 apply to all international and most domestic carriage of persons, luggage or goods performed by aircraft. According to Article 28 of the Warsaw Convention, an action for damages must be brought, at the option of the plaintiff, in the territory of one of the State Contracting Parties, either before the Court having jurisdiction where the carrier is ordinarily resident, or has his principal place of business, or has an establishment by which the contract has been made or before the Court having jurisdiction at the place of destination. According to Article 33 of the Montreal Convention, an action may be also brought, with some conditions, in the territory of a State Party in which at the time of the accident the passenger has his or her principal and permanent residence. These issues have been examined in this article.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1387
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    34-54
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1264
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

در این مقاله ضمن تاکید بر اهمیت حقوق در زندگی بشر معاصر، به ویژگی میان رشته ای آن اشاره می کنیم. سپس به معرفی اجمالی دو نسل اول حقوقدانان ایران می پردازیم. از این دو نسل زیر عنوان «مدون» و «شارح» یاد کرده و بشارت پیدایی نسل سوم «نظریه پرداز» را داده ایم. در ادامه، موانع روش شناختی رشد حقوق مورد بحث قرار گرفته اند. به این منظور، ادعا بر این است که مباحث حقوقی باید سویه های «میان حقوقی» و «میان رشته ای» یابند. سر «نامعرفتی» یا «فنی» شدن حقوق در دوران معاصر کشور، به نادیده گرفتن آن سویه ها باز می گردد. افزون بر این، زمینه های محتوایی رشد نیافتگی حقوق مورد بحث قرار می گیرد. این زمینه ها شامل «فلسفه حقوق»، «فلسفه حق» و «نظریه ارزش» است. در آخر، به منظور تسهیل و تسریع در شکل گیری نسل سوم حقوقی، پیشنهاد تغییر نظام آموزشی دوره کارشناسی حقوق، طرح شده است.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    55-92
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1421
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

During the Afghanistan crisis, it experienced both revolutionary movements against foreign aggression and riot movement of Taliban. Upon the right of self determination, revolutionary movement broadly accepted as legitimate resistance against Soviet Union's Aggression.In the course of resistance against occupation, some international rules had violated by resistant groups. According to this paper, these kinds of violations are attributable to the revolutionary government as far as former resistant movements have participated in new government.Regarding to Taliban's, as a pre-exist government is not responsible for the acts of defeated riots in international law; established government of Afghanistan is not responsible for the wrongful acts of Taliban. According to international law, Afghanistan is obliged to prosecute those members of Taliban who are responsible for violation of international humanitarian law, human rights law, diplomatic regulations, anti-terrorism and other international regulations.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

ALAMEH GH.H.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    93-124
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    4026
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The Right to Defense is a cornerstone of Fair Trial. When the Defense Section (defendant and his or her counsel) from one hand and the Prosecution Section (Prosecutor and victims) from the other hand,Take part in an adversarial proceeding and finally the case be adjudicated by independent and impartial judges, then we can enumerate this process as a Fair Trial.The right to Defense has been recognized by international and regional human rights instruments and interpreted and commented by observer bodies.Meanwhile it has been guaranteed by domestic laws in many countries.Afghan new codes, emphasized on recognition of the above right too.This article discuss the right to defense in international human rights instruments and being guaranteed of it by Afghan laws, comparatively.

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Author(s): 

GHANAD F.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    125-154
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2166
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Electronic fraud, or computer fraud as mentioned in Article 67 of the Law of Electronic Commerce of the Islamic Republic of Iran, adopted on 7 January 2003, is a high technology crime. For the purposes of this Law, this kind of fraud includes any resort to fraudulent means like input, deletion or suppression of data-messages, or unauthorized intervention in the functioning of the computer programs/systems or telecommunication means- in other words misusing information and telecommunication technologies- in order to acquire money, property or economic benefits and taking the property of others. This article aims at analyzing the constituent elements of this crime and studying all methods of resort to fraudulent means using information and telecommunication technologies. Thus, the extension of legal element of this offense to cases of fraud committed through "social engineering" and "identity theft" will also be proved.

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Author(s): 

GORJI ALI AKBAR

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    155-192
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1706
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Les actualités de la laïcité en France et en Turquie nous incitent á réfléchir plus profondemént sur la place exacte de la laïcité dans les régimes politiques se déclarant démocratique. La mission de cette contribution serait donc de savoir queue place est réservée, dans un model laïque, pour la liberté religieuse et la démocratie. Mais, avant de répondre á de telles questions, il sera opportun de savoir quel est le sens exact de lalcïté.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

بوریکان ژاک

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1387
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    193-216
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1328
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

در چارچوب مطالعه تحولات اخیر سیاست جنایی فرانسه، کارنامه نظام تقنینی معاصر نشان دهنده نوعی دوگانگی است. از سویی با دوگانگی در بزهکاری و از دیگر سو، با دوگانگی در اصلاح کیفر مواجه هستیم.در اولی از جمله طی ترکیبات قانون مه 1996 و قانون ژوئیه 2000 دو جهت گیری متضاد کیفرزدایی و کیفرفزایی شکل می گیرد. در حالیکه، در مورد اخیر طبق قوانین مارس 2004 و اکتبر 2007 در بعضی موارد تخفیف کیفر و در برخی دیگر تشدید کیفر پیش بینی شده است.در روند دوگانگی در بزهکاری، قانونگذار فرانسوی در جستجوی هماهنگ سازی اندیشه «عدالتخواهی» با ضرورت «قاطعیت» است. اما، در روند دوگانگی در اصلاح کیفر هدف او واقع گرایی توامان در همشکل سازی و نیز در اعمال مجازات هاست.

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Author(s): 

سلیم هادی

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1387
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    217-250
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1513
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

در کشورهایی که به پیروی از حقوق فرانسه در مورد قراردادهای دولتی- که موضوع حقوق خصوصی- است و قراردادهای اداری نظامی دوگانه گرا برگزیده اند و بین آنها قایل به تفکیک شده اند، نمی تواند به اختلافات ناشی از قراردادهای دولتی بدون توجه به مفهوم قراردادهای اداری رسیدگی کرد. با این همه، تحولاتی که در برخی از این کشورها رخ داده است، نشان می دهد که ممنوعیت سنتی مراجعه به داوری در امور اداری که از مدت ها پیش در رویه قضایی فرانسه کنار گذاشته شده درعرصه داوری بین المللی نیز کم رنگ شده و از حدت و شدت سابق افتاده است. به رغم این تحولات و همچنین به رغم پذیرش اصول و قواعد ناشی از رویه داوری «مرکز بین المللی حل و فصل اختلاف ناشی از سرمایه گذاری بین دولتها و اتبا سایر دول (ایکسید) در حقوق ملی از حیث قابلیت ارجاع به داوری، کم رنگ شدن تمایز بین قراردادهای دولتی و قراردادهای اداری مخصوصا از حیث انتخاب قانون حاکم بر قراردادهای دولتی، همچنان با دشواری هایی مواجه است.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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