STUDIES IN EDUCATION & PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2006 | Volume:7 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

The objective of the present paper is studying the contents of the textbooks taught in level one of the seminaries and presenting its ideal characteristics on the basis of the theory of learning elaboration. To achieve this goal, after studying the theoretical fundamentals and doing primary interview with some of the professors who are teaching in the seminaries, the characteristics of the contents of the textbooks taught in the seminaries were identified. In the present research paper, for collecting the required data, a questionnaire has been used that contains questions about the contents of the textbooks taught at present and the ideal ones. On the basis of the findings of this research, the most evident characteristics of the present textbooks taught in Level One are as follows: Dividing the contents of the scientific fields taught in seminaries into several levels, lack of logical coherence, lack of adaptability with the social conditions and contemporary age, lack of any conformity between the instructional materials with the predicted time schedule for teaching, lack of new theories in scientific fields taught in seminaries. On the other hand, the conclusion is that the contents of the textbooks taught in level one in the ideal situation should contain the following characteristics:1. The contents of the lessons taught in this level should include the most general and comprehensive concepts and issues so that they stimulate the students of the seminaries to participate in determining the following sections and provide the required facilities.2. The ground should be prepared for identifying, analyzing, and classifying the religious skepticisms and presenting solutions in the introductory level to the students of the seminaries through new theories propounded in scientific fields taught in seminaries and outside.3. Through the contents of the textbooks, the facilities should be provided for the students of the seminaries to become familiar with the scientific fields taught in seminaries and other required tields.4. The time schedule for teaching the contents of the textbooks should be in conformity with the educational level.

Looking for deep meanings of knowledge has made many unobserved intrinsic characteristics of knowledge visible. What is obtained by efforts of many thinkers is that we should emancipate ourselves from this closed dominant point of view toward knowledge in the information age and ask for those aspects of it that are abandoned and banished, by means of looking for a widespread account of it. In this way, we will probably achieve a humbler judgment about the roles of theoretical know-that and technological know-how components of our knowledge and this will explore many forgotten, suppressed and probably mysterious features of it. Adopting this approach, we will focus on those theories that have helped us to achieve this clarified view on knowledge in order to pursuit our purposes in the realm of education. Given the increasing importance of ICT in education, it is useful to have scrutiny and reflection on forgotten aspects of our knowledge. Accordingly, in order to have a conscious confrontation with the ongoing challenges, education needs, besides emancipation from the reductionistic point of view toward knowledge, to put acquiring wisdom into the agenda without limiting itself to informational theoretical know-that and technological know-how.

This research aims at examining impact of group psychotherapy on stress coping styles in adolescences by transactional analysis approach. In order to meet research goals, one of the high schools of Mass had (Area number 5) was selected. And 117 students (14-18 age) replied to Moos, R & Billings, N'S coping styles questionnaire. Then, 48 students diagnosed emotional- focused coping were categorized and matched after interviewing in terms of age, average of educational marks, educational status, parents literacy and economic class. Afterwards, 20 students were choose and randomly placed in control and experimental groups.Experimental group members, Participated in 12 sessions of group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach. After finishing these 12 sessions, members of control and experimental groups were post-tested by mentioned questionnaire.the main assumptions of present survey to be tested are: group psychotherapy with transactional analysis reduces emotion- focusedness and increases problem- orientedness of adolescences in coping with stress to test these assumptions, T-test was used mentioned method has had significant effect (p < 0/000) on decreasing emotion - focusedness and increasing problem orientedness (p < 0/02_ of experimental group adolescences. Results indicate that most likely (%95), Mentioned method has influenced on adolescences' coping styles. Furthermore, this method has decrease emoting focusedness and has increased problem- orientedness in coping styles of adolescences.

This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of Logo therapy and Gestalt therapy for symptom improvement of seeking-divorce women diagnosed as suffering from aggression, depression and anxiety. All women seeking divorce in Saghez were considered as the population, 90 of them were selected through stratified random sampling method. From those diagnosed with SCL-90-R test, as a depressed, aggressive and Anxious seeking- divorced women. 90 subjects were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (30 subjects in each Group), and then 30? healthy women? randomly selected and assigned to the control group. Therefore, four groups were formed: Logo therapy group and Gestalt therapy group, control group and a "normal group". The recovery indices (dependent variables) employed were Subjects aggression, depression and Anxiety, which were measured twice before and after Interventions SCL-90-R scale. The results showed that Gestalt therapy was same as Logo therapy in reduction of aggression, anxiety and in the improvement of subjects' depression. Both Gestalt therapy and Logo therapy were the most effective methods in the reduction of mental symptoms.

This research has been done based on Beck and Teasdale theories of cognitive therapy and yoga exercise in treatment of major depression to assess the effectiveness of Beck and Teasdale cognitive therapy and yoga exercise in the treatment of major depression. For this, thirty two Patients with major depression (male= 12 and female=20) were Selected as available sample and random assigned into four groups included: (1) Beck cognitive therapy, (2) Teasdale cognitive therapy, (3) Beck cognitive therapy and yoga exercise and, (4) control group. All of patients before of therapy and after 10 session therapy measured with Beck depression inventory (BDI), automatic thoughts questioner (ATQ), cognitive triad inventory (CTI), and MMPI-D scale. Collected data were analyzed by Anova and its Follow test. The result of the Study showed that the integrative therapy (Beck cognitive therapy and yoga exercise), is more effective on reduction of depression symptoms, mood improve, remove of negative automatic thoughts and change in participants attitude of self, world and future. Despite of that Beck and Teasdale cognitive therapy effective in depression reduced, but integrative way is more effective than any of this ways alone.

In order to study the efficacy of Panic Control Treatment (PCT), four Iranian panic that were suffering with or without Agoraphobia took part in a single subject experimental trial (a multiple- baseline design). All cases were assessed at pre treatment, and post treatment by using the Body Sensation Questionnaire (BSQ), Agoraphobic Cognitions questionnaire (ASQ), Depression- Anxiety- Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Self-Monitoring of Panic Frequency and Intensity.The assessment of an Agoraphobic suffer is done in eighth session. The results of the study revealed that PCT had efficacy in treatment of panic disorder with or without Agoraphobia in an Iranian sample.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characters of personality and behavior of type A or B in educators in Isfahan. A sample of 70 educators was selected from Isfahan Educative Organization. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Personality Type A and B Questionnaire was administered to the subjects. The results of enter regression analysis showed that the correlation between Neurotic character and gender variable with behavior of type A were significant (P<0.01). The results also showed that the correlation between introversion-extraversion and behavior of type A was not significant (P>0.05).

This research has been implemented with the aim of investigation of Golestan youth's identity with the sample size of 400 people (226 women and 174 men) with the age of 20 - 24 years old with cluster sampling then with stratified random sampling styles.Tools used in this research were four questionnaires that respectively are such as:1- Questionnaire of Socioeconomic status2- Identity crisis questionnaire3- Finding identity style4- And public health styleBased on this research among this sampling %94.3 of participants aren't now experiencing the identity crisis and %5.7 are now experiencing.Based on the gathered data from questionnaire of finding identity styles Most of people (Le. 33.8) have used are in confusion style, 22.8 percent from normative identity style and 19.5 percent from informational identity style.Comparative consequences show that there isn't significant difference between girls and boys in finding identity style, while there is significant difference between different age groups. It means that there is significant difference between 20-24 year olds in confusion identity style. Correlation consequences showed that there is significant relationship between confusion identity style and identity crisis. It means that those. Who experience the identity crisis they more trend to confusion identity crisis. There is also significant negative correlation between confusion identity style and economic - social base. This means that the higher is your economic and social condition the less experiences the confusion identity style. In addition the results show that there is significant correlation between identity crisis and mental health. It means that those girls who experience the identity crisis they have less psychiatric health. While this is different among the boys, those boys who experience the identity crisis they have more mental health.

The Purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Structured Reality Therapy Marriage Counseling on reduce the symptom and signs psychological in women who aware of their spouse communication or, relationship whit anther women. The main question is that whether appling the Structured Reality Therapy Marriage Counseling reduces the psychological symptom consequent of PTSD infidelity that had measured by SCL90. Subject selected from couples that refer to National Youth Organization and Welfare Organization. From 65 couples who had referred, 40 couples volunteer for couple counseling. From 40 couples, 30 couples had selected and divide randomly into groups. One of them is control group and another is experimental group. At the first a pretest was performed and then structural reality couple therapy whit experimental group was performed and after 3 weeks terminus of treatment, perform post test. Results indicates that emploing Structured Reality Therapy Marriage Counseling, increase the involvement affect, encouragement couple to evaluate their interaction behavior with them and appling the solving circle product increase intimacy relationship and reduce the signs and symptom psychological produced by PTSD of infidelity.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of congnitive restructuring and systematic desensitization as important methods in reduction of mathematics anxiety. The subjects were 64 students of third Grade secondary school of the city of Ahvaz that selected by Multi -Stage random Sampling method and divided in three groups (two groups experimental and one group control). In first group the cognition restructuring method administered at 7 Weeks and the method of systematic desensitization also was instructed simultaneously, and in third group (control group) diden't asminister any training and at the end, post test of mathematics anxiety was exacuted on three groups. After two mounts study, the other test was administered. The results and comarsion cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitization and control group by T-Test (independent) was approved number 1,2,3 of hypothesis and showed that this two methods were effective in the period of therapy and after the therapy (two Mounts later). Any Significance Differences In Efficacy was not observerd between the method of cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitinization.

This Paper is the report of a study on the change of motivation for progress among the 322 undergraduate students at the University of Tabriz. Following the statement of the problem and the significance of the subject, a theoretical frame was put forward. To attain the objectives of the research, a classified random sampling method were used to establish a statistics based on the gender of the students as well as the faculties. Some advanced statistical devices such as the variance analysis (ANOVA), multivariance regression, T-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to derive some facts in order to make some practical suggestions.