JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
Year:2006 | Volume:39 | Issue:3 (154)|Papers Count:13

Civilized man in the modem world expresses his thoughts and ideas through ancient myths. In the meantime, because the modem man's thoughts are different with the ideas that resulted in the creation of myths, he makes changes in the form and the structure of these myths. This article aims to analyze a poem by Dr. Khanlari which is an example of this kind of change in myths.

Kamal-al-din esma'il Isfehani is one of the prominent elegists of the late 12th and the first half of 13th century. In his odes, he has expressed his elevated mystic thoughts and ideas. In mysticism, he was the follower of Shahab-al-din Omar Sohravardi, and in his mystic principles and ideas he paid great attention to the careful observation of religious commandments and praying, asceticism, contentment and poverty.

The Beauty and the ambiguity of Hafiz Poetic language traces back to the Holy Quran, the Divine inspiration and the influences he got from this great book. His thoughts and his understanding of the Divine words, as so many scholars believe, reflect the poet's love and submission to the holy Quran and all his beauties. The evidences of being under such great influence is the poetry and the language of hafiz himself The purpose of the present article is to show the Divine inspiration and Quranic effects on this great Iranian poet.

Although the term "Farang" (Euroupe) has been used in the poetry of Khaghani and Sa'adi and also in the Persian poetry of the Safavid era, but the climax of the relations between Iran and Europe is in the Mashroute (constitutional) era. In this period, Western Christian culture spread in Iran and as a result, the Holy Bible found its way in the Persian modem literature. This article will show the reflection of the Holy Bible in the modem Persian poetry.

The aim of this article is to analyze the narrative methods and the structure of ''The Story of Birds" by Sohravardi, both textually and syntactically. For this purpose, the writer of the paper presents the concepts of narration and story. He then he analyzes the story syntactically and presents the general patterns of narration and its features .He then studies some elements regarding the narrator, his point of view, mood and the tense of the story. In the end, the writer presents the conclusions taken from the above analysis.

In Persian mystical works, the descend arch of being starts from the Self-existent and ends to the human being that is the last of the beings in this material world. There are some stages in this line in which the present article aims to examine in a chronological order, up to 15th century. In a general division, we can distinguish two approaches concerning the subject. The first one is the philosophical approach in the works of writers and poets like Sohrevardi, Sanai and Jami. The second one is the intellectual approach in the works of Attar, Razi, Mawlana and Simnanai.

The language and speech of "Ash'ari", not only proved to be superior to other speech schools, but also connected to mysticism and its beliefs and had a deep effect on them. The writer of the present paper has tried to show this connection and its different dimensions according to "Mesbaah -al- Hedaaye" which is the most famous didactic text in mysticism and "Meftah -ol- Kefaye" by Iz-Al-Din Mahmood Kashani. In the two parts of his article, the writer first studies the language and speech of "Ash'ari" and then presents the connection of that language to mysticism.

This article studies Persian compound words, particularly compound verbs and complicated nouns, from the perspective of having a syntactic -semantic head or lack of it. For this purpose, the writer of the present paper first gives those features and factors which determine compound words from other syntactic phrases and then presents the syntactic-semantic description of these words. Semantically, compound nouns and compound verbs are classified into three groups of endocentric, exocentric and copulative and the semantic fields of each group are presented along with an example. In addition, the writer also presents the creative processes which result into word-making, particularly endocentric compound words, exocentric compound words and copulatives.

As the writer of the present article discusses, this article does not aim to study and enter into technical and complicated linguistic topics and issues. Instead the article states a very simple and applicable fact in the area of word formation in Persian language. Considering the national potentials and application of Persian language for making new words and making the language free from borrowed and foreign words, we can refer to a very simple and easy way of word formation which is almost forgotten and is not considered any more, and that is to use' old words of this language again, which due to chronological and phonetic changes, have acquired new forms but preserving their old meanings.

Shortening of words in all languages of the world has had many reasons. The economic principal in language, quick transmission of the purpose, Poetic necessity and the use of artistic aspects of the language, can all be some of the different reasons for this purpose. There are different methods for shortening of words, among them abbreviation and blending are the most important ones. This article studies these two processes In shortening of words.

Simple past tense of verbs in both Russian and Persian languages indicates to an action which happened in the past. In spite of this similarity, the writers of the present paper have shown that there are many and crucial differences in both forms and meanings of simple past verbs in this two languages. There is a grammatical category in Russian language called "aspect" of the verb, which widely affects on the meanings of verbs in past tense. But these differences in the meanings of the verbs in Persian language are shown and expressed through the different forms of the verbs.