Political Quarterly
Year:2008 | Volume:37 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

This paper is to examine the hypothesis that in view of some Muslim's Thinkers, every political system has been formed in the last period of previous political system by some of the usefulness competent simple - minded, truthfulness, bravery men. But after victory, these competent are contaminated to power corruption by themselves. They are also inclined to sociological and psychological backgrounds of despotism policies, luxurious, effortlessness. By the way, their government due to mentioned variables is inclined to old age and it is overthrown by another competent.

The main concern of this article is with two basic/fundamental topics in nationalism as an identical claim. First it attempt to reject nationalism as an offspring of modernism and enlightment. By means of distinguishing between classic and modem nationalism, in order to incorporate patriotism the whole history of mankind. On the other hand, it denies nationalism as an ideological claim assorting it as a "theoretical-practical" thought which emerges finally dependent on varies orders of alternative in any distinctive paradigm. This type of organizing, besides other alternatives, has led to world wars, with Mussolini and Hitler as their leaders. Nevertheless Mandela, Sokarno, Mosadegh have exploited it to bring about tidings of liberty and freedom. This article, aims to prove that, despite globalization process, not only Nationalism and Nation State have not lost their Credebility, but they are regarded as valid until today. However, we have attempted to follow the particular view point toward Nationalism and Nation- State in apart of 19th c and 20th c social and philosophical theory.

This problem that the world of islam infront of European dynamic modernism is a static unit, has been the base of different hypothesis of the relation of islam and modernity. This issues are repeated that the Islamic world be on principle excluded from the history of modem times, because it is bound to a religion which has not traversed the European politico-ideological process, thus it is a pre-modern culture. Recently, they are repeated again and again, although no one has actually taken the trouble to find out if there is any reality in them from a historiographical point of view. In fact, there indications that Islamic history did, as early as the 16th century and on the strength of an independent tradition, participate m elaborating a modem culture, which in many aspects shows distinct parallels with European cultural history.

Judgment about Friedrich Nietzsche as a criticizer of modem culture and a new establisher in culture and thought of the new world, is a very difficult task. But criticizing of morality, philosophy and culture during the last ages is an effort that Nietzsche has done it and in this way he notified the effects of corruption on human will and life.Nietzsche in his new establishing in reaction to dominant culture and prevailing discourse during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, intended to re-established forces of life (thought and will or reason and life) in the form of will of power, until with emphasizing on creative character of man and creation of new values, to settle the modem man in a centre that is necessary for his recognition and his making known.Last aim of this article is showing that important efforts of Nietzsche in representation of his philosophy of will to consist of: critique of truth and rationalization of western modem culture since Socrat till now, from changing the dominant discourse and critique of each general mental principles and return to factor of will and ability of human being.

This article intends, by examination of historical background, hypotheses, Frameworks and the characteristics of globalization and anti globalization theories as well as analyzing the culture and power theories at national and international levels, to consider and evaluate the issue, by representing a brighter perspective of globalization and power on one hand, and different kinds of power and culture interactions and inter-impacts, on the other, at national and international levels.

In view of the geopolitical statue of Caucasus in the region and the world and domestic problems of Caucasus region, we face different and sometimes contradictory forces and interests in the region. And political, economic, security, cultural, and... developments are result of interaction between these different and sometimes contradictory forces and interests.

Alongside the increasing growth and development processes and planning industrialization programmes in the developing countries the state of the environment in these countries has been facing with concerning conditions. Markets and private sectors have been failing to counter negative environmental consequences of the activities in the national economy. The Governments of the developing economies which have the primary responsibility for environmental protection and conservation as a public goods also have been either unable to fulfill this crucial job or by increasing intervention in the economic activities add to the depth and scope of the environmental crisis. The present article seeks to answer an important question that whether the integration into the global market and processes of the economic globalization will change the deteriorating role of the Government in the environmental economy of the developing countries, including Iran's economy. In other words is the economic globalization able to qualify and make workable the developmental and protecting responsibilities of the government in the developing economies (and like Iran)? Accordingly, the present article is aimed to study the improvement of the role of government in the field of environmental protection in the process of integration into the global economy.

Human trafficking is one form of organized crime with 7 to 10 billion dollars profit next to drug and weapon trades. Former Soviet republics and Eastern Europe have become the newest sources of human trafficking, for Europe and North America for the purpose of sexual exploitation. This article is a result in causes of human trafficking in Central Asian republic of the former Soviet Union.

Six year after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001 and the onset of US- led war in Iraq and Afghanistan in line with the Bush's policy of regime-change aimed at establishing pro-western governments in Baghdad and Kabul, we are still witnessing widespread instability and reign of terror in the region. Hasty executive branch anti-terrorism policy was followed quickly by the decision of the US Congress to approve Bush's war on terrorism without taking note of the fact that the benefits of such policies will be much less than the costs associated with them. The main objective of the paper is to discuss the weaknesses of the U.S. anti-terrorism policy. The structure of the paper is as follow: The first section is devoted to the basic theoretical discussions of the cost- benefit analysis (CBA) as a tool in public policymaking. In the second section, the authors apply the CBA to the evaluation of the anti-terrorism policy of the Bush Administration from a societal perspective. The third section presents the concluding remarks and proposals for further research in this policy issue-area.

Constructivism, as a method of discussion in international politics and foreign policy, is considered a young method which is based on philosophical subjects in social sciences. First the article presents the philosophical approach of constructivism through a logical course and shows its difference with competitive approaches; then enters the constructivism of international relations and discuses the time and reasons of emergence and spread of this methodology and shows its differences and debates with other models of International Relations which reflect their own different philosophical approaches. This point shows up through a survey of prominent scholar's ideas. The third part of the article follows the logical course of discussion to present an understanding of constructivist methodology in Foreign Policy which will fundamentally be documented by objective examples. In a general analysis, the article emphasizes on innovation of constructivist model, preparation of a logical framework for stabilizing behavior analysis based on actors' identities. The final part of the discussion is analyzing Islamic Republic of Iran's Foreign Policy based on this issue.

After falling down of the U.S.S.R and independence of central Asian and Caucasus states, we saw the regimes that had plenty of political and economic difficulties and vast unefficiency in those regions. At that time, the west especially the U.S that needed attendance in those regions to perform their world strategies, knowing the difficulties, began some serious attempts by private organizations (NGOs) to increase their influence.The Purpose of this research is to survey the "Color Revolutions" that took place at Georgia (2003), Ukrain (2004) and Kyrgyztan (2005) and define their differences from the Actual Revolutions.

In this book, Elizabeth Frazer offers a detailed study of the concept of community; and examines political and philosophical communitarianism. More specifically, she analyzes the relationships between communitarianism and interpretivism, social constructionism, Locality, Family life and finally politics.