RESEARCH ON ADDICTION
Year:2013 | Volume:7 | Issue:27|Papers Count:12

Objective: the main purpose of this research was to collect and survey the prevalence studies of drug misuse and psychotropic drugs that have been done sporadically among university students from 1374 to 1392. Up to now, no survey of data has been done on these researches.Method: library has been the method of this research and 37 researches were analyzed.Findings: methodologically, the results show that many prevalence studies are with major faults.Conclusion: the studies show that less attention has been given to prevalence studies of drug addiction and useful interventions in university students. However, the rate of addiction during 2 decades has been stable; cigar, hookah take the first and second places and alcohol, opium, hashish and heroine come respectively.

Objective: the aim of the present study was the estimation of validation and reliability test of ASSIST instrument in Iran.Method: our research populations were Iranian alcohol and drugs users and abusers in the year 1390 that had referred to rehabilitation camps and addiction treatment centers for self-improving. Sample sizes of 2600, average age 36.5, were selected by cluster random sampling in eight provinces. The ASSIST and demographic form exercised for all of sample group.Also in order to validity estimation, 300 number of main sample we interviewed by ASI, SDS, DAST and DSM-IV criteria.Findings: ASSIST reliability estimated by Cronbach’s alpha for all of domains was between %79 to %95. Data analyses showed fair criteria, construct, discriminate and multi dimension validity. These types of validity for other domains were Discriminative validity of the ASSIST was investigated by comparison of ASSIST scores as groupes of dependence, abuser and user. There were significant confirmation between this scores and DSM-IV scores. Construct validity of the ASSIST was investigated by statistical comparison with health scores. ASSIST's cut off points classify clients in 3 categories in term of intensity of addiction.Conclusion: we surely recommend researchers to use this instrument in research and screening purposes or other situations in Iran.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate relation between sustained attention disorders and lenght of Methamphetamine abuse.Method: 200 Methamphetamine abusers (males and females) of ages 20-40 who were recruited through residential rehabilitation treatment, selected through random available sampling. To evaluate function of sustained attention Continuous Performance Test was taken and the length of MA abuse gained through demographic information.Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient with SPSS software.Findings: The results show that poor performance in CPT is positively correlated with length of MA abuse. Participants with long MA abuse has less correct response, more commission false and increase in reaction time.Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MA abuse leads to brain damages and cognitive deficits and it is resulting in poor treatment outcomes. Implementing cognitive rehabilitation techniques can increase treatment outcomes.

Objective: The object of this study was the identification of effective factors and the prevalence of drug use among rural youths.Method: The study was a scientific-comparative research. The sample was 450 rural youths from the city of Isfahan. The related questionnaires were collected in 15 villages of Isfahan city.Findings: Results showed that between family factors and consumption rate, family rift and family dependency and father's occupational status were effective ones.Also, among the social and emotional factors anomaly, tendency to religious issues and friendship with those addicted to drugs have been effective in getting addiated of rural youths. Among personal factors, the increase of education level can act as an effective factor.Conclusion: the results showed that between tendency to religious factors and consumption rate there is a negative meaning. Similarly, there is a positive meaning among unemployment, stablishing friendship with addicted, being close to urban places and addiction to drugs.

Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on improvement of quality of life in opiate patients under methadone maintenance treatment.Method: This was a semi experimental study using control group also pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Thirty six patients on MMT were selected between the entire opiate addicts referred to Iranian national center for addiction studies within judgmental sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. They were all administered the WHOQOL-BREF. In experimental group, cognitive behavior group therapy was performed in 8 sessions and the control group was registered in the waiting list for the CBGT.Findings: Data analysis revealed that the mean WHOQOL-BREF score in the experimental group had significant higher increase when compared with that of the control group. But it wasn’t significant in follow up.Conclusion: Results demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive–behavior group therapy on improvement of quality of life of opiate addicts on MMT in short term but didn’t seem to be effective in long term.

Objective: This study is aimed to predict substance abuse from child and adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.Method: To this purpose 361 students were selected via stratified random sampling from different faculties of Tabriz University and completed Canners Adult ADHD Rating scale-self report Form & Subscale Questionnaire, Wender Utah Rating Scale, Addiction Acknowledgment Scale & Mac Andrew Alcoholism-Revised Scale.Findings: To analyze the data Pearson correlation and multiple regressions (step by step) were used. Results indicated that there is significant relation between addiction acknowledgment and alcoholism via child and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Also, results indicated that child and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms predicted addiction acknowledgment and alcoholism.Conclusion: According to this results these can be explained that behavioral disorders, especially ADHD have effect in tendency to drug and therefore primary treatments of behavioral disorders can prevent drug abuse.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas and life styles in drug dependences and normal population to recognize their role in drug dependence. Due to their importance in interpretation of special situations, cognitive schemas and life styles have a significant role in cognitive theories.Methods: The methods of this research were post-facto and sectional styles. The populations were included of 100 drug dependence adults and 100 non-drug dependence who were selected by at-reach methods. Young early maladaptive schema-short form and Basic Adlerian scales for interpersonal success-adult form questionnaires were used.Findings: the results showed that there were significant differences between early maladaptive schemas and life styles in groups under research.Conclusion: the study showed that drug dependence people suffer from high levels of early maladaptive schemas and their life styles are maladaptive. As a result, in prediction of dependence to drug and in treating it too much attention must be given to cognitive factors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the temperament and character dimensions in narcotics addicted and normal persons.Method: The method of research was causative-comparative. The study sample consisted of 120 addicts and non addicts who had referred to 3 narcotics addict’s treatment centers in Ardabil city. The subjects were selected through simple random sampling. To collect data, temperament/character inventory were used.Findings: The results showed that novelty seeking and harm avoidance in addicts is significantly greater than normal persons. Also, results showed that reward dependence, self directedness, and cooperativeness in narcotics addicts is significantly lower than normal persons.Conclusion: The results show that temperament and character dimensions determine the addiction intensity in addicted people.

Objective: This study is aimed at comparing results of the draw-a-family test and the house-tree-person test in the children with addicted and non-addicted parents.Method: This is a scientific-comparative study in which 50 children with addicted parents attending Tehran rehab centers and 50 children with non-addicted parents who were selected using the random cluster sampling method were measured by means of the draw-a-family test and the house-tree-person test.Findings: Results suggest that drawing indices in the are more in the house-tree-Person paintings and family drawings of the children with addicted parents in comparison to the no addicted group, scoring higher in terms of the number of drawing indices such as depression and anxiety symptoms, weak self-esteem, and valuelessness.Conclusion: It can be said that the parents' drug abuse intensifies and expedites children's physical, affective and behavioral problems.

Objective: the aim of this study was investigation the effectiveness of life skills training on reducing the risk factor and enhancement of protective factors in city of Hamadan reformatory place for delinquency children.Method: in this semi experimental research among 400 persons of Hamadan reformatory place for delinquency children, 36 individual (experimental group 17 persons, control group 16 persons) were selected via random sampling method. The experimental group received 8 training sessions. The main instrument of this research was, drug consuming risk and protective factors questionnaire.Findings: the results indicated that the scores of attitude toward drug, depression and sensation seeking of experimental group are lower than control group and in assertiveness and selfcontrol factors were higher.Conclusion: the life skills training reduced risk factors and enhanced protective factors regarding to drug consuming in delinquent adolescence.