GEOPOLITICS QUARTERLY
Year:2015 | Volume:11 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

Introduction:Dealing with economic sanctions of the United States and the European Union is considered one of the strategic necessities in the foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran. Developments in international policies show that revolutionary countries and actors in the interactions of international policies are faced with economic and strategic constraints. Sanction policy should be considered among the limited, gradual and stepwise mechanisms of dealing with radical countries in the global system.

Introduction:Iran has been a multinational society that different ethnics live together peacefully. By promotion of nationalism in Safavid era living peacefully together diminished. Interestingly the policy that originates from view point of the ancient Iran utopia was in contrast with the period requirements. Unsustainable patterns such as discrimination, compulsory decampment, combination, etc. were the conditions that Middle East and Iran ethnicities had experienced. These conditions lead to a situation to take every issue as a conjecture that means to take every subject from political view and connect it to peoples' lives.

Introduction:In the twentieth century, various factors can play a role in the empowerment of some countries at the global arena. It is of prominent importance to discover these factors and assess their relative significance. One of these factors which have distanced these empowered countries from the rest of the world is definitely that of technology impacting different military, economical, social and political fields. This research investigates the impact of scientific and technological developments on economy hence empowering those countries.Research MethodologyThe research methodology adopted is descriptive - analytic and the data - gathering procedure is based on library finding, International websites reviews and interviewing elites.Results and discussionThe analysis of the compiled information indicated that in spite of its massive poor population, time wasting bureaucracy, administrative corruption and likewise problems, India has been able to achieve a notable employment and wealth taking advantage of effective management in the two sectors of "Information & communication technology" and "Biotechnology". Presently, this country is reputed as a emerging power in the global arena. In comparison the organizations in charge of economic and industrial affairs have not been able to fully enjoy the economy based on innovation and technology despite the entire affluent infrastructure in the country.ConclusionThe economy based on technology and innovation holds various advantages like establishing job opportunities for the high educated and preserving them inside the country, attaining revenues, improvement and surpass of economy, development and growth of science and ultimately rising national power in the country which will result in raising the country power in the region and even the world. Accordingly, India can produce a good example for Iran to obtain this target.

Introduction:Place is the focus of geography, and the identity is the manifestation of culture in place. Geographical spaces and places whether based on ecological relations or other factors are interested of people that have been born or live there as their habitat. The human is interested in his hometown and where he lived in it for a while and has a sense of belonging and makes a kind of mental relation. Belonging to place creates interests in human that because of it, deep emotional and psychological connections is established between people. The person becomes dependent on location so that goes behind of worldly relations and establishes an emotional relation with it, the place become precious and sacred for him.

Introduction:Energy is one of the most important issues of the 21th century, and natural gas is of considerable significance, because of its characteristics, especially those involved in its transmission methods. Thus, concepts such as energy security, energy producers and consumers, gas lines and their security have gained a high attraction in the geopolitical discourse on energy.MethodologyGenerally, the game theory is an appropriate tool for modeling and analysis of strategic situations in which a player's decision depends on other players' strategies. The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) is an extension on non-cooperative games with non-quantitative approach. GMCR has several advantages that make it an effective tool for modeling and analysis of complex real world conflicts. General steps in formal methodology of GMCR include modeling and analysis. The analysis is based on equilibrium which is a critical concept in the game theory. Equilibrium is a state in which there is no incentive for players to move away from that state. Equilibrium might be found based on different solution concepts. The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution has been utilized in this research to investigate the gas conflict between Russia and the European Union and to predict its outcomes. Besides of Russia and the European Union, transit countries have been considered as the third player since gas pipe lines are located in these countries. The research method carried out in this research is descriptive and analytical.Results ConclusionAmong 112 feasible states of the conflict studied in this research, two states are predicted as the most likely outcomes. The analysis of the model shows that LNG has a significant role to play in the energy security of Europe, and in case of increased demands for natural gas in European Union, the construction of Trans-Sahara pipeline gas line is not farfetched. Moreover, the continuation of provision of gas in transit lines is very important for Russia and the construction of the South stream pipeline deems necessary to solve this problem. Results of the model imply that Iran must invest for LNG production in near future.

Sino Iranian relations are the product of competing incentives and interests which have evolved over time as policies and geostrategic orientation change. In the past decade, China has become Iran's the main trading partner.

From the past half-century, groundwater has become a vital source to supply water demand so that it accounts for 31 percent of the world's fresh water. The aquifers are ideal resources for local users, creating easy access and optimized storage. Due to increasing demand and competition over shared water resources, governance of these critical resources has changed from a local issue into a national and international challenge. Due to increasing dependency on groundwater, new challenges and problems about ownership, use, access, protection and development of these resources occurs, particularly when they cross political borders.