GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF TERRITORY
Year:2012 | Volume:9 | Issue:34|Papers Count:10

The unwillingness of citizens to participate in the activities of city improvment that has largely rooted in the focused administrative system is of the factors that ability of the authorities is faced with difficult the needs of urban residents. So attending urban management to citizens participation in city administration as a means by which can be reach economic, social and cultural sustainable development is considerable. Also, Hamadan city with ancient history, is faced with this problem Therefore, in the study, identifing the willingness of Hamedan citizens to participate in the affairs of the city has been considered as new idea in urban management. In this regard, with the assumption that urban management of Hamedan can be successful only with greater citizens participation, identifing participation barriers and citizen education, has been paid attention to the role and function of urban management of Hamedn. The research is descriptive-analytical, practical and based detection. In this method of gathering information and preparing the questionnaire has been used, and study population is Hamadan city the volume of the sample according to the calculations of Cochran is altogether 369.For data entry and data analysis SPSS software has been used. For findings and hypothesis testing of research the Friedman test has been used and all research hypotheses have been confirmed.As a result, according to the reluctance (unwillingness) of Hamadan citizens in partnership with the council, municipality, city administration and social- cultural activities and other, Perhaps can be said, these are because of lack of growth of social groups and civil institutions and the lack of necessary opportunities for citizen participation due to weakness of urban management that by increasing social trust, comprehensive cooperation and strengthening collective identity can be hoped to increase the voluntary participation of citizens. Otherwise, and if their citizens contribute a little & fail to this team that our city is our home, areas won't be created to continue seeking of the participation.

Rural development, policy and strategy of stable development in any country is considered that this policy is closely linked with the intellectual and attitudinal And institutional policies and procedures there are different tools that make the housing units Or document issued to the general term for real estate in the village along with other rural development policies, including our approach.This thesis on the experiences of different countries and means of scrutiny of the activities of rural housing units in the country and make their pathology to examine the success rate In order to analyze and evaluate the case based on the field and at different geographical points, and the results it has been different.

Climate change, especially global warming affect s every aspects of the environment, social structure, and food security. The zagros region due to its rugged nature and diverse climate is very vulnerable to climate change such as temperature warming and rainfall decrease. In order to unclose the signs of climate change in the Zagros region, the existing monthly rainfall, rain days, mean, low and high temperatures of 26 stations in the region were studied. These stations had data with different durations ranging from 17 to 55 years. The normality of the time series were tested via lobly force, and their trend with Ljung-Box and Mankendal Tau. The degree and sign of the trend were tested by correlation coefficient.The results did not show any significant trend in the rainfall series. But the mean low temperature and daily temperature range showed significant trend. More than 90 percent of the stations showed significant increasing trend in the minimum temperature. While the daily range showed both increasing and decreasing trends.

Watershed basins of Iran are very different with a view to geology, unevenness, climate and the other factors effective in erosion. The aim of this research is study of different types of erosion in Navroud watershed basin, investigation of the intensity of erosion, sediment production and the factors effective in this relation. The physiological, topographic, climatic, geological and geomorphological specifications, plant covering, soil, erosion and sediment production were generally studied. The area of the basin is about 265.46 square kilometers. Then with integration of the original work units and their petrological structure. The intensity of erosion and sediment production in each work unit was investigated with use of (qualtitative) FAO (experimental method). On the basis of the obtained results subbasins Nos. Also they have the most amount of sediment production as compared with the other subbasins. Some of the reasons include the great slope, change of application, ruining of forests and pastures, construction of roads and existence of the formations sensitive to erosion. The other subbasins have the least amount of erosion and sedimentation, because their formation is resistant to erosion and generally includes biotite, sandy lime, tuff and andesite. Generally the results of this research show that in each work unit, slop is the most important factor of erosion and this is true in some of the outcrops. The most considerable factors for occurrence of erosion in a basin include application change, forests and pastures ruining, road construction and very great slope.

Geotourism, since the late 1980s a recent phenomena globally recognized, is providing facilition and services to introduce and promote the value and social benefit of geomorphological sites and to protect them for students, tourist and other amusement seekers. In recent years, Geotourism has become a very absorbing notion which attracts a wild spectrum of people with varity of interests and also governments, environmental groups and protection groups. Since geotourism is a complicated and multi- aspect decipline, it is usually absent in commonly accepted models. It must be pointed out that while designing a model, it is theoretical framework of our understanding which is assessed in the territory of that phenomena. This article is aiming at expressing geotourism role and position, its change trends in Iran and effective and, efficient application of its models in a descriptive and interview method. Data gathering has been carried out using attributive information in this study, in addition to presenting definition and explanation of geotourism notions, modeling, operation, objectives and fundamental specifications of prolong, leopold, ecology, fuzzy, freeman, topsis, AHP, Reynard, periera, SWOT, models are explained. After comparative and descriptive analysis, the result was that among these 10 models prolong and ecology in geomorphic studies are more common and fuzzy model is the less commonly used model. This point has also been cleared that from 1389 to 1391, the most research projects were carried out on applying models in geotourism, which show the rising geotourism trend in the country. Hence getting to know these models is obligatory in order to have better understanding of geotourism.

Caspian basin after being removed from the open seas or lakes in Pliocene time, money and since then a series of tectonic activity, fluctuating water levels, the effect of waves and currents of the river morphology and current as it created. Sediments along the shoreline to erosion and sedimentation caused severe changes in morphology are Anzali wetland. Morphological forms based on the manufacturer and type deposits occur in different environments. Recognizing symptoms and morphological changes that could be a pivotal role in coastal planning and coastal management have. Swamps and wetlands, Delta, tab, sand, sandy zones, sand dunes, marine terraces and flood plains, mud zones, alluvial Fans, landscape morphology are observed in different parts of the Caspian Sea and Anzali Wetland. Current status of the beach about 10 thousand years ago with the general trend of lowering the water levels is. In recent decades, human factors, the coast is one of the basic parameters of the deformation. Margin morphology can identify shifts in the development and landuse planning coastlines, coastal areas to be effective. In this research, studies, documents and software using Ilwis, Autocad and photoshop and aerial photographs, geological maps, topographic1/ 20000 and 1/50000 and a method based on RS and GIS methods to separate the units in the sedimentary environment they have been marked And the resulting changes in the rate of water level changes and coastal morphology and sedimentary units, replacement of the final maps will be prepared. Anzali wetland in coastal sediments of the tab is made up of coastal and coastal barriers. Anzali lagoon behind the beach is one of the lakes that were once part of the Caspian Sea coastal waters. Anzali wetland in the past had a large spread but gradually by alluvial sediments-Sefidrood deltaic branches and rivers of Rasht region, Masal and Fouman is filled. Anzali indentation tectonics is derived from the Caspian Sea backward somewhat isolated from the sea and sand with a blade (the area between Anzali and Kapurchal) is formed. Facies of Pleistocene marine and coastal areas indicates the presence of Pleistocene Sea coast at the foot of the Alborz. Gradually with the gradual retreat of the sea and tectonic activity has increased the extent of the coastal plain. Coastal facies, especially along the asphalt road protrusion City-Friday Market (Friday Market on the northern side reached a three-way road) that is visible is located in the south of Anzali wetland.

Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is a conceptual structure as the most intense rainfall to dam design, reservoirs and urban projects for our sets. The main goal of this study is determine the most probable precipitation and spatial analysis in Iran. Purpose of the 180 synoptic stations in Iran, 94 stations have long-term statistics of rainfall (20-55 years) will be selected. Then, using statistical software such as excel and SPSS the amount was calculated. the method used for PMP is Hrshfyld. Finally, using GIS and KRGING we did spatial analysis. Maps obtained from the maximum probable precipitation in the Iran indicates that the spatial distribution of annual precipitation in Iran is uneven. According to existing maps Probable maximum precipitation related to the northern and southern Iran. thus PMP from the south coast of Iran to central of Iran decrease and from the central area to the north coast increase.

The optimal management of water resources needs to learn exact and up to date, of how the conditions governing the resources and the status of their future forecasts. one of the methods of management of water resources use methods of the multi criteria decision making. The purpose of this research to choose the best place for the purpose of the earth-fill dam found to develop sustainable water resources. findings and the results of the research indicates that in ELECTRE method and in between regions seven, regions (3, 4, 5) with 4 times the domination and 2 times the defeated with (2) points in the first rank, and have been the most appropriate levels for the earth-fill dam, in front of a large (1) with 6 times recessive and without fluency with (6) points in the final ranking and the direction of the earth-fill dam is not appropriate and a large (2, 6, 7) respectively with (2, 2, 1) time mastery and (4, 4, 5) was defeated with rates (1-, 2-, 4-) in the next category. levels of (1, 2, 6, 7) due to the fact that the number of times the one in which the number of non-dominant one in which more and negative points are earned should be deleted.