GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF TERRITORY
Year:2011 | Volume:8 | Issue:31|Papers Count:16

Population concentration in developing countries has brought about numerous problems in large cities. Among those problems we can mention population congestion, migration, housing deficiencies, unemployment, environmental degeneration, etc.Accordingly, regional and urban analysts have started paying attention to the development of small and medium size towns as an essential solution for dealing with the imbalance originated from development of prime cities.In this study, we have assessed, analyzed and examined Vahidieh's urbanization process as well as that of Shahriar area as a sample of Tehran Province towns and cities before and after this occurance. Variables studied are population, occupancy, educational-cultural facilities, political-administrational, telecommunications, commercial and service providing facilities. Analysis of the data acquired from the study through statistical models - entropy coefficient, elasticity coefficient, Morris Development Index, parabolic-sectional variation analysis model–has been assessed and evaluated. Results derived from statistical models show that the urbanization process of Vahidieh has not had desirable effects in balancing distribution of population and establishment of settlements throughout the area, stabilization of the population, prosperity of solar rural sections, and growth of agricultural section therefore being unsuccessful in that regard. Despite the fact that at some period, growth of industrial section in the city of Shahriar and in Tehran has had positive effects on population growth due to low cost of housing for people who have mostly been service and industrial laborers.Ultimately, the overall results drawn from this study reveal that urbanization of Vahidieh has not had an effective role in the development process of rural outskirts..

Tourism, as one of the most important industries around the world in the last decades, has been growing rapidly in the global economic development.Rural tourism has emerged since villages created contacts with cities and the leisure-time needs formed in cities necessitated natural and untouched environments. Rural tourism plays an important role in tourism industry and tourism's growth in the countryside and is counted as a major power in economical improvements in the countryside. It also causes local economic variety and also an increase in welfare surface, life standards, incomes, security, and stability of population, prevention of irregular migrations and protection of ecologic equilibrium and natural resources and perseverance of cultural textures which are accompanied by new job opportunities, based on potentials of countryside. Therefore, the best way to rescue countryside of social, economical and environmental issues is to develop rural tourism. Hence, it has attracted much of the interest of tourism senior managers. While Asara area enjoys various tourist attractions, there has been little or nothing has been done in this area to improve tourism and satisfy the visitor to the area. Consequently, the conditions of area under study here (internal factors) as well as the opportunities in the source area were studied. Accordingly, the tourism problems of the Asara area, condition of its attractions, and the requirements of residential places were investigated in detail. Hence, the Present study has tried to look into status of tourism in Asara area, and to set forth practical suggestion and comments to alleviate the current problems and deficiencies in this aspect.

The characteristics of Third World urbanization is inharmonious and inequality. Significant proliferation of the wealth and on the other hand, minorities who live in poverty are considered as frustrations in urban policy. Ghetto results from inharmonious development and malfunctions of urban system. Urban applications influence social and economic classification, and when settlers in ghetto feel that they are unable to improve their social and economic situation, it causes a deprivation for them and forces them to commit offenses. This study investigated the causes shaping ghettos in the city of Yazd in terms of the indices of education, health, culture, business, sport, green space and social reflections from it. With regard to the coefficient of functions and urban services in ghettos and nearby, it is inferred that above mentioned factors affect forming ghettos and there is a relationship between ghetto and underdevelopment. Based on linear regression, there is also a significant relationship between ghettos and unfair distribution of services and underdevelopment. In addition, the results from the cluster model suggest that the settling in a neighborhood, besides lack of services and functions, other factors were also considered. The other finding of this study has been about social impact of ghettos. Based on the finding, the relatively low-income unemployed people commit more crimes and there is no significant relationship between immigration and social offenses.

Identification and study of geomorphological heritage an important role to represent the trend of last climate chamges in a region. In this research using, topograph, geology maps and field evidences of glacial geomorphology in khashchal mountain northern slope is detected. Detecd evidence is Glacial erasionablation landform like, glacial cirques, glacial valley and Glacial deposits Include glacial moraine. Result show during Pleistocene period, climate in northern slope of khashchal mountain had lower temperature and probably with more precipitation in compare to recent climate. Erasion and morphogenes glacial processes have been active. While nowdays evidence showing because of high evelation and precipitation and temperature situation in region, subglacial morphogenes process (freezing and melting) dominate in the region.

In general, insurance is a form of risk management used to hedge against a contingent loss. Agriculture insurance is a special line of property insurance applied to agricultural firms. As well as Agriculture insurance is one of the most efficient ways of managing the risks inherent to farming. Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals-environmental health, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. Agriculture insurance is one of sustainable agriculture economics dimension. The aim of the study is to analyze Agriculture insurance of Iran. The report starts with the description of sustainable development definition and Sustainable agriculture indexes. Than evaluate the performance of agriculture insurance deals during 2006-2007. Gardens and farms are highly vulnerable, because are low water resources and Iran is located on the desert region.The findings of this study show that implementation of agriculture insurance, risk of operating in this sector has reduced somewhat. Also a performed calculation shows that the farmers funds received has been able to produce only 10 percent of the product cost. Other results show that only 12 percent of the garden farm country s has been subject to insurance. So Iran agriculture is less stable in terms of agriculture insurance.

one of the most attractive and complex geomorphologic phenomenons ar(tang) this attraction and complexity need to make some hypothesis about the progress of them the hypothesis which have achived a classic aspect because of a lot of use in this research takab transverse valley in anticline located in northern east of behbahan has been use of with the some of topographical and geomogical maps aerial photos and various stage of observation and tried to clean the ocean of construction of this tang in which the recent formation of certase ocean and eligomiocean accompanied with quantry allulim. Based on the hypothesis of common hypothesis about the progress of constructing the tang in takab transverse valley is becom the involve and cosversation which are considened to the cause of changes. The changes of these wide surfaces of mount zagros. in the end there is no need of conclusion and resulting in any mechanisem incidents on constructing. In another word it is possible to say that in costructing of takab transverse valley not only a certain progress but multiple progresses are taking part.

Because of rapid and excessive expansion of cities in recent decades, urban land use has been the focus of attention of many geographers.In Iran, Tehran as capital of the country and its municipal zone 6 as the city s backbone and centre of administrative and commercial activities CBD has been of particular importance. The aim of the present study has been to investigate the cause and effect of tremendous changes that have taken place in this zone. The method adopted in this research has been analytical intersection and spatial analyst and the main source of information has been 1995 census reports plus cadastral maps of that time and their com prison with those of the present.The results of the study have indicated considerable changes in land use over the past fifteen years, as shown below: the total land area devoted to human settlement in 1985 being some 754.13 hats. Has been reduced to 679. 25 hats In 2010 whereas the area under CBD being 167.78 hats. In 1985 has increased to 213.80 hats in 2010 itself indicating the extent of change of human settlement land to none human settlement namely various kinds of business activities.A study of the population of the zone in the same period shows clearly that none settlement and none permanent (floating) population has been increasing, particularly in the middle sections the zone. Thus briefly speaking the interchange of permanent and none permanent population has created numerous difficulties for the zone such as traffic, air pollution, none coherent appearance, none accessibilities, city traffic project, rise of land price, loss of identity, reduction of resident population etc. etc.

Gully eroaion is one of the developed forms of water erosion which redolent of surface soil destruction in the lands. Recognize of the effective factors in happence of gully erosion and it’s zonation is a basic implement to manage and control this phenomenon. This study has been performed with aim of recognizing the effective factors on the gully erosion making and it’s zonation in the watershed of Torood. The most important effective factor in happending gully erosion such as slope, aspect, litology, land use, distance of communications network, land and canopy cover were selected as the most important factors on gully development and their layers were provided in GIS environment. All three gullies in the area were selected for the study. For each gully, three soil samples were collected from 25, 50 and 75 percent of gully length and three from outside of gully for comparison. These Samples have examined from the view of Gypsum, Organic Carbon, Salinity, Saturation Percentage, Lime, Sodiun Absorption Ratio and PH. Gully erosion zonation map of Torood watershed was prepared using 1:40,000 areal photos of 2001 and field measurements using GPS. The area covered by gully erosion in each class of effective factors, were computed by overlaying gully erosion zonation map with effective factor layers. Effective factors and their classes in related layers were weighted using Multi Class Maps method. Results demonstrated that 88 percent of gullies are located at high to very high classes of vulnerability zones. Soil analysis also indicated that salinity, gypsum and sodium absorption ratio in the gullies are higher and the amount of organic carbon is less than that of surrounded areas. But, there were no significant difference between saturation percentage, lime and pH in the gullies and surrounded areas.