JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN ASSOCIATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2013 | Volume:9 | Issue:26|Papers Count:9

Abdulwahhab Bayyati like other contemporary Arab poets has utilized the Islamic heritage and Iranian historic characters in his poetry. Bayyati used these characters successfully to exert human and spiritual meanings like cognition, love, reform, revolution, travel and development. The reflection if these characters in his poetry are in coherence and accordance to ideas, thought and tendencies proved in the course of history. Bayyati is not content with the sheer historical reference to these characters but he merges them with a contemporary symbol, in order to introduce his matters and problems by a definite character which suits best.Utilizing his genius and poetical invention, Bayyati has given these characters a favorite picture by means of: imagery, mythology, manipulating and changing the original story, mask and frankness.Two aspects of protagonists' life have been presented in his poetry. The first deals with the spiritual and moral one which identifies each character. The second turns around the revolution and resistance in front of every oppression and backwardness.

Linguistically, the use of indefinite article in Arabic language is considered as one of the significant subjects that has attracted a lot of attention. Scholars such as Jorjani and Zamkhshari have understood some noticeable points with regard to indefinite article usage in the Arabic language. To do so has special reasons. In other words, indefinite article usage in Arabic makes our speech more eloquent. Accordingly, the use of indefinite article in Arabic is preferable to that of definite one since it is more consistent with the message the speaker wants to convey.Hence, the reasons why I am determined to deal with indefinite article usage in Arabic are, at first I want to prove how eloquently Ali (AS) used indefinite article in Nahj-ol-Balagheh. In reality, nobody could use it as efficiently as he did. And secondly I want to answer affirmatively those who have some doubts about the fact that Nahj-ol-Balagheh was written by Ali. Only those who are skilled in speechmaking such as Iman Ali can cope with an impromptu speech, while using both eloquent and simple speech style. In fact, his speechmaking style serves all the purposes of speech under any conditions.The current paper has tried to present a scientific classification of indefinite article usage in Nahj-ol-Balagheh in order to display its importance in eloquent speech making. The usage of indefinite article in Imam Ali’s speech has different purposes such as greatness, profusion, diminution, and kind. The aforementioned items are both consistent with eloquent speech style and effective in purpose and focal points of eloquent speech.

The artistic imaginary is one of the fundamental peculiarities of Qur’anic text that each of the scholars for verbal miracle of Qur’an in the past centuries, without applying such a term, focused on the militant aspects such as verbal proportion, semantic and dedication. However, contemporary writers such as Sayyid Qutb have gone beyond the old scholars and by explaining the term of artistic imagination specified it the most important element and considered as live and artistic sketching of different worldly and otherworldly domains. In this paper, by assembling old rhetoric and contemporary literature, the author tries to study the artistic imagery of benefactors and their otherworldly place in the chapter Insaan. And through study, it tries to highlight important elements of artistic imagery such as topic, word, accent, feeling, movement, color, dialogue and to the extent aesthetic manifestation of this imagery.

The allegorical and symbolic speeches, and in higher stages, ‘shathiyat’ have been the means of conveying supernatural experiences for Sufis, which have always helped express the kinds of their ignorance and dreamlike intuition. The mysticism and allegorical speeches have displayed and insinuated the unusual messages beyond customary human habits by nourishing from spiritual dreams and experiences from the other world which is different from material world.Adonis and Sohrab Sepehri are among poets and thinkers who applied dreamlike surreal experiences and mystic thoughts as metaphors and symbols in their poems. From this point of view, they are known as dreamy poets, who through dreams try to enter to mystic world and mystic experience. This is a step for institutionalizing poetic dreams and the surreal world where the objectivity of poem creation is shaped and a tenuous and dreamy music is created, which has become a stylistic trait in both of their poems.Through analytical-descriptive method as well as based on the American comparative school, the current research describes and compares Adonis and Sepehri from mystic experiences and dreamy thoughts point of views. In order to introduce the American school and Lebanese literary poetic group, it would study mystic motifs like dream and imagination, customs and habits, contradiction between knowledge and nature (wisdom and love), trip and so on. The main purpose and question in this research is describing the hidden world of Adonis and Sohrab behind their dreams and mystic experiences and discovering the relationship between the two and their thoughts regarding ignorance of norms and customs in their poems and epoch.

Eliot’s critical viewpoints and his poetry have been a significant impact in the poems worldwide and consequently on contemporary Arabic poetry. His most outstanding poetical theory which he tried to reconcile on his poetry is Objective Correlation. This theory has two aspects; the first related to characterization of the poet which put this theory against of romanticism school .The other aspect is the use of symbols to express the external realities. This theory has been objective in Eliot’s The Waste Land ode. It has become a model for the contemporary poetry, not only in the Arab world but also the world as a whole. Adonis has been influenced indirectly from this theory that is seen broadly in his critical views and odes .This essay, using the content analysis, introduces the Eliot’s theory then illustrates his The Waste Land ode as a model for modern poetry and consequently the paper analyzes the theory’s impacts on Adonis’s views and the appearance of this views in his odes.

Estekhdam is considered as a moral beauty in rhetoric science that in spite of its high position stemmed from its creative-role in the process of creating several meanings for each word through observing briefness and brevity for each term. It lacks a unique and comprehensive definition with full consensus of rhetoric domain’s thinkers that may include all its known and unknown referents. In this research, it is firstly tried to have brief look at the history of this array association to the assembly of other rhetorical cases and then through study and criticism of the most famous definitions in this regard come to a conclusion about obtaining an integrated definition encompassing all known and unknown samples of Estekhdam in Arabic words. And finally through asserting figures and patterns emphasized by rhetorical-scholars for this moral beauty accompanied by some Arabic verse and prose evidences, for the first time an unknown form of Estekhdam far from the eyes of scholars and researchers of verbal and moral beauties of the words is being explored and then an analysis is carried out through demonstrating a rhetorical evidence from the holy Qur’an. Conjunction of three nouns on subject and verb has caused to different meanings associating with each of the four subjects. The study refers to dictionary in order to extract meanings.

This study aims to assess the rate of success of general Arabic text in 3rd year high school level especially taking into account the viewpoints of teachers and students as well as data acquired from opinion polls. Many of the teachers are not satisfied with students in the field of Arabic teaching. Some motivations are due to the characteristics of the Arabic language complexity and some because of the existing teaching methods. This article seeks to set text’s goals and the degree of success this has achieved. The research sample is schools in the city of Piranshehr in the Iranian province of Western Azerbaijan. Research methodology is a standard approach based on analytical method. Statistic group are high schools in Piranshehr city in West Azerbaijan province. The samples were chosen randomly. Research results indicate that the text section were successful in obtaining its objectives from the view point of most teachers and weren’t successful from the viewpoint of most students.