JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN ASSOCIATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2010 | Volume:6 | Issue:14|Papers Count:8

In ancient Persian and Arabic literary criticism, two different approaches were followed. One calls for a return to the ancient origins of poetry and literature and the other promotes change and innovation in this area. So in the literary domain, an incomplete image of conflicts appeared between followers of these two trends. In modern era, these conflicts intensify between the followers of renewal and supporters of tradition. That's because of the impact of the opening of the Arab communities and the Iranian society on western cultures. Some call to forget the past and to care about the western culture. Whereas others refuse everything related to the West. At the same time some follow the path of moderation. But the victory at the end goes to the followers of renovation. This paper broadly gives a general picture of the reality of the relationship between the followers of both directions and trends.

Short story that appeared in the 19th century has had a considerable place in the contemporary world because some of the famous and great writers of this new literary genre. Maghade Ronaldo (Renaldo's Chair) for Mahmud Shukair--the contemporary Palestinian story writer-- has been evaluated as the best example of Arabic short stories. The open plot, usage of international political, sportive and cultural characters, socio-cultural theme, usage of interest and new conflict, simple style, indirect dialog, pictorial description in the simple space of village are some of the outstanding features of this story that put it as a new shiny star in the sky of modern Arabic story. Taking into account descriptive-reasoning method, the present paper aims to study the relationship between literature and politics in the elements of this short story.

Al- Bayyati is a well-known Arab poet as well as a great innovator of the poetic language. He also became famous in the Arab world because of his journey around the world. Bayati passed more than half of his life outside Iraq hence; his poems always manifest homesickness. He feels as he lived in exile. In other words, he tries to show in his odes other meanings of his deep homesickness. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the feelings of Bayati through his beautiful narrations.

The dictum, comparative literature as a methodological science with principle and rule was first propounded by Abel Wilman in France. From then onward, this continues with many ups and down and with different methods and expanded research realm in different fields. If we explain the comparative literature on the basis of its scientific relations and situations as well as its impact or what has been said if we study the relationship of literature with other aesthetic and beautiful art or even the study of relationship of literature with other human sciences like philosophy, history, sociology and theology, the comparative Islamic literary theory-inspired by the unity thought of Allameh Iqbal Lahori that is an element to bring oneness among Islamic nations, we can find new ways in the domain of literature that bring Islamic countries and their thought much closer to each other. This theory practically as a comparative research between literatures of Islamic nations was propounded in Arabic countries with the help of Dr. Taha Neda and Dr. Hussein Mojib al-Misri. Unfortunately, it could not be continues in theroretical and practical sections. The present paper is an attempt to review this important thought and highlight given and missing part of it.

The present paper puts forward certain issues related to comparative literature (CL) that includes a variety of definitions of CL, its literature review in Iran and Arab countries as well as it focus and pioneer in Arab countries and the contemporary Iran, the significant of CL major in Iranian universities and academic institutions, and the necessity of developing a CL academic chair in Iran. Dedicating more important role to CL in Iran, the process how to establish CL majors with a Persian-Arabic minor at an M.A.level in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. At the end, the above issues have been summed up and a conclusion has been drawn.

The current article tries to explain the relationship between literature and historical facts. As such, it is necessary first to explain the terms "history" and "literature". The writer stands for the viewpoint that it is impossible to observe such a relationship between the two concepts.

We come across our future faster than expectations believe and thus carelessness to it leads to the present chaos. It seems that the current disorder of Arabic language and literature like other existing fields in universities across the country is arising from inattention to the future. Experiences of the past Islamic civilization and the present western civilization make it clear that the lingual development is advanced factor because, language is the most important social institution that contains various knowledge. Arabic language- in addition of being religious lingua franca as well as effective on our national language and culture, it is - the official language of 21 countries that are situated in strategic domains of Middle East and North Africa and have close proximity culturally and geographically with our country hence; due to their geographical locations and political role have achieved significant place in the media. Therefore, with future course and planning, Arabic language and literature can be transformed into effective course in the scientific development of university staff, and could end present chaos from this particular field and give it a suitable place among other university courses. Arabic language could play significant role in creating new scientific and interdisciplinary fields, socia-economic research centers, scientific and academic journals.

Sufism appeared during the early Abbasid era and the movement turned out to be structured through its doctrine. In any occurrence, naturally thinkers and scholars try to imply and expand their viewpoints while giving strategies to reach the predefined goals. They choose either prose or poems to convey their ideas and message as well as to promote them. In Sufism, this was a bit different. Since early Sufis were called pious, they became too prejudiced to their religion. They didn't stick to poem and poets due to training of early Islam and verse 224 of the holy Qur'an. This made poets to avoid composing poems; hence; they chose prose for implicating their ideas. With the aim that their prose covers all of their opinions, they created new categories in prose, thus there existed diversities. They could illustrate their utmost feelings to transfer mystic (Gnostic) delicate meanings prose was sometimes a powerful tool to imply pure thoughtful concepts. Of the most important categories of Sufis prose in Abbasid era were educational prose, letters, advices and theology, elders approach, stones and narratives, saying, prayers and worships, sufistic interpretations and "Shattiat".