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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Author(s): 

BAHRAMBEIGUY MEHRI

Journal: 

PLUME

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    14
  • Pages: 

    5-22
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    666
  • Downloads: 

    184
Abstract: 

Our endeavour in this article is to show various factors involved in presenting a versatile and voluble text in a foreign language. In this article we experienced such competencies as collection of cognitions and skills, which have a major role in learning a foreign language. Common competencies are of four types.It is obvious that the main purpose of teaching the live languages is to develop these competencies in communication and the students must have the ability to express their ideas in an easy but accurate way. But the inability of the Iranian students impedes them from presenting a coherent and understandable text.After analyzing 227 exam sheets of simple paragraph writing of Iranian B.A university students, we would present the common errors in the process of writing in French. French: Les etudiants iraniens face aux difficultes de la redaction Francaise Dans cet article, nous envisageons de montrer que divers facteurs contribuent a la presentation d’un texte en langue etrangere. Nous constaterons que les.competences. comme l’ensemble des connaissances et des habiletes jouent un role tres important dans l’apprentissage d’une langue etrangere. Les competences generales sont fondees sur quatre categories: le savoir, le savoir-faire, le savoiretre, et le savoir-apprendre.Il est evident que le role essentiel de l’enseignement des langues vivantes est le developpement de la competence de communication et l’apprenant doit pouvoir exprimer d’une mani ere simple et correcte ce qu’il veut dire. Mais l’incapacite des apprenants iraniens dans le domaine des competences plutot linguistiques les empeche de presenter des textes coherents et comprehensibles. En analysant les copies de 227 apprenants iraniens en licence, nous pr esenterons les erreurs frequentes dans le processus de la redaction d’un texte en francais.keywords: Competence, Savoirs, Erreur, Lexique, Orthographe, Grammaire, Coherence Textuelle

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Author(s): 

BANIAHMAD SEDIGHEH

Journal: 

PLUME

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    14
  • Pages: 

    23-44
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    916
  • Downloads: 

    163
Abstract: 

From writing to speaking there is a world to cross. The differences are so big that during their first visit to any francophone country, numerous students who followed for several years in their own country French language' s conventional teaching, can hardly talk or understand oral French which sounds like some kind of exotic language to them.It is doubtless due to the fact that very often the students received during their training a formation based on written French and its grammar and, also on a peculiar kind of "oralised" written French. For Persian-speaking students, the acquisition of the French language get the additional difficulty to deal with typological, morphosyntaxical, prosodical and oral discourse organization differences.This article tries to show 1. How the intonation can structure and inform the conversation in French L2 between two Persian-speaking students of an advanced level, and 2. What are the different points and/or grammar convergences with the spoken French of the natives as defined in the book "grammar of intonation" by Morel and Danon-Boileau (1998), which constitute the theoretical frame of this work? The theory of the paragraph speech is multidisciplinary and does integrate intonation acoustic analysis, morphsynthaxical and lexical analysis, discourse analysis and also Culioli's enunciative theory (1990).French: Acquisition de l’intonation du francais par des etudiants persanophonesResume De l’orala l’ecrit, il y a un monde. La diff erence est si grande que lors de leur premiere visite dans un pays francophone, de nombreux etudiants qui ont suivi pendant plusieurs annees un enseignement traditionnel du francais langue etrangere dans leur pays n’arrivent a comprendre et a parler qu’avec de grandes difficultes en ayant l’impression d’entendre une .langue exotique. qu’est le fran cais parl e. Cela est sans doute d u au fait que souvent lesetudiants ont re cu lors de leur formation un enseignement base sur le fran cais ecrit, la grammaire de l’ ecrit, ainsi que sur une variante du francais parl e qui est en r ealite du fran cais ecrit oralis e. Pour lesetudiants persanophones l’acquisition du fran cais peut se compliquer egalement dans la mesure o u la langue fran caise est typologiquement differente de la langue persane, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la morphosyntaxe que la prosodie et l’organisation du discours oral.En partant de cette problematique, cet article tente de montrer comment l’intonation structure et informe la conversation en francais L2 entre deuxetudiantes persanophones d’un niveau avanc e, et quels sont les points de divergences et/ou de convergence avec le francais parl e des locuteurs natifs tel qu’il est defini dans la Grammaire de l’intonation par Morel & Danon-Boileau (1998) qui constitue le cadre theorique de ce travail. La theorie du paragraphe oral est pluridisciplinaire et int egre l’analyse acoustique de l’intonation, l’analyse de la morphosyntaxe et du lexique, l’analyse du discours ainsi que la theorie de l’ enonciation developp e par Culioli (1990).keywords: Paragraphe Oral, Intonation, Coenonciation, Analyse du Discours, Francais Parle, Francais L2, Morphosyntaxe

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Journal: 

PLUME

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    14
  • Pages: 

    45-63
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    940
  • Downloads: 

    349
Abstract: 

In this paper one of the main forms of textualization will be represented; little known, in our opinion, first by foreign language specialists (linguists or literary) in Iran and marginalized, even absent, from the educational applications in language and literature courses in the Iranian universities.After an overview of the types of texts, we will try to develop the idea that concerns us here, namely the study of argumentative type in two ways: firstly the epistemological concept of argumentation and then the organization of the argumentative text. French: Le texte argumentatif et la typologie de textesResume Cet article aura comme but de representer l’une des formes principales de textualisation, peu connue, a notre avis, d’abord par les specialistes des langues etrangeres (linguiste ou litteraire) en Iran et marginalisee, et meme absente, par consequent, des applications pedagogiques dans les cours de langue et litterature au milieu universitaire iranien.Apres un apercu general de la typologie des textes, nous avons essaye de mettre au point l’idee qui nous preoccupe ici, a savoir l’etude du type argumentatif sur deux plans: d’abord plan epistemologique de la notion d’argumentation et ensuite plan organisationnel du texte argumentatif.keywords: Typologie de Textes, Argumentation, Discours Argumentatif, Organisation de Texte, Categories de la Langue

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Journal: 

PLUME

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    14
  • Pages: 

    65-83
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1070
  • Downloads: 

    232
Abstract: 

To teach a foreign language, including French as a foreign language (FLE), the teacher needs a working module which is defined in the cadre of a practicable didactic; he needs the manuals adapted with the applied didactic; he needs also an evaluation system which runs parallel with the applied didactic and with the user manuals. All of these methodological and pedagogical dispositions have been programmed to teach French as a foreign language. Since the French literature is considered in Iran as a foreign literature, taking our inspiration from FLE, we have decided to propose a pedagogical system to apply the academic reading of the French literary texts. In the first step, to present this proposition, we have tried to explain the nature of the academic reading which is the multidimensional analytical reading of the French literary texts including linguistic analysis, sociological analysis, psychological analysis, etc. Furthermore, we have tried to describe the practicable methodology to do the academic reading in which the student is implicated in an active manner to accomplish the teaching process. At the end, we have explained the application of the academic reading according to the methodology mentioned before.French: Pour une nouvelle approche des textes litteraires a l' universitePour enseigner une langue etrangere, y compris le fran cais langue etrangere (FLE), l’enseignant a besoin d’un module de travail d efini dans le cadre d’une didactique bien pratique; il a besoin des manuels adaptes a la didactique appliqu ee; il a besoin d’une mesure d’evaluation qui soit d’une part en parall ele avec la didactique appliquee et d’autre part conforme aux contenus des manuels utilis es.Toutes ces dispositions m ethodologiques et didactiques ont ete deja programmees pour enseigner le fran cais langue etrangere. Comme la litterature fran caise n’est pas la litt erature nationale de l’Iran, nous avons decide de proposer un syst eme pedagogique, s’inspirant toujours du FLE, pour l’appliquer a la lecture universitaire des textes litt eraires francais.Pour ce faire, nous avons essay e d’abord, d’expliquer la nature de la lecture universitaire qui est la lecture interpr etative multidimensionnelle des textes litt eraires fran cais comprenant l’ensemble des analyses linguistique, sociologique, psychologique, etc.Ensuite, nous avons essay e de definir une methodologie convenable et praticable qui implique activement l’ etudiant dans le proc es de l’enseignement.A la fin, nous avons expliqu e l’application d etaillee de la lecture universitaire, d’apr es les criteres de la methodologie deja definie et pr eservant toujours son aspect multidimensionnelle.keywords: Didactique Litteraire, Lecture Litteraire, Critique Litteraire Pedagogie

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Journal: 

PLUME

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    14
  • Pages: 

    85-98
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    868
  • Downloads: 

    656
Abstract: 

Emmanuel Carrere is one of the most celebrated French writers in the recent years. In his book Rival, he narrates the story of Jean-Claude Romand, a man who introduced himself to all his relatives as a physician working for the World Health Organization. When after eighteen years of trickery, he felt that his secret might be revealed; he murdered his wife, children, and parents on the ninth of January, 1993. Then he attempted to end his own life, but failed. This real, but unbelievable tragedy drew Emmanuel Carrere’s attention to itself, and made him write a story based on it. In his book, he wanted to go through all those dishonesties and deceptions to find out the factual reasons of Romand’s drowning in them. As a result, he creates a story that is somewhat between a biography and a novel. There are also some parts in which Carrere-to explain the story more clearly- compares his own life story with Romand’s, which makes the story look like an autobiography. But still there are some situations that the writer’s efforts fall short of understanding Jean’s traits and his real motivations. So the writer has no alternative but using his imagination to create the rest of story and complete it. That’s the part in which it’s like a story. To sum up, to put what Carrere has written in a certain category seems impossible. That’s why book critics have named him as “the literature monster”.French: Etude generique de L’Adversaire: un ouvrage a la frontiere du recit biographique et de la fictionEmmanuel Carr ere est l’auteur de romans, de biographie, de documentaires et de sc enarios pour le cin ema et pour la t elevision. Il publie . L’Adversaire» en 2000; un ouvrage qui lui apporte un grand succes.Dans ce livre, Carr ere met en sc ene l’affaire Romand: le 9 janvier 1993, Jean-Claude Romand, un homme qui se faisait passer pour un fameux m edecin de l’OMS, apr es dix-huit ans de mensonge lorsqu’il etait menac e d’etre decouvert, a tu e sa femme, ses enfants, ses parents et a tent e de se donner la mort. Ce fait divers inou i, cette histoire de mensonge et d’imposture fascine Carr ere, alors il essaie de trouver ce qui reste d’humanit e chez Romand et cherche a comprendre le pourquoi de son comportement. Le r esultat est une oeuvre originale a la fronti ere du biographique et de la fiction. Le fait que Carr ere choisit d’ ecrire sur la vie de Romand en retra cant son arbre g enealogique et en s’appuyant sur des documents et des informations r epond a l’exigence de la biographie.Mais parfois, certaines parties de l’histoire sont racont ees par Romand lui-meme, cela fait rapprocher le texte du r ecit de vie; d’autres fois Carrere met sa vie en parall ele avec celle de Romand ce qui donne une allure plut ot autobiographique a l’oeuvre. Cependant, certaines fois tout en reprenant les informations, la volont e de l’auteur de comprendre son personnage est confront ee a l’impossibilit e d’atteindre sa v erite interieure, donc Carr ere se sert de son imagination pour combler les vides et l’oeuvre prend alors une tournure romanesque. En r esume, il para it difficile de classer cette oeuvre dans un genre litt eraire pr ecis, cela explique pourquoi les critiques parlent d’.un monstre litt eraire..keywords: Biographie, Autobiographie, Recit de Vie, Fiction, Carrere, Crime, Imposture.

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Author(s): 

VIDAR HOLM HELGE

Journal: 

PLUME

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    14
  • Pages: 

    99-129
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1034
  • Downloads: 

    292
Abstract: 

Based on a discourse analysis of a text passage from Gustave Flaubert’s novel, Madame Bovary. Moeurs de Province (1856), this paper discusses the role of the reader according to Umberto Eco and to Mikhail Bakhtin, with reference to Eco’s notions of model reader and intentio operis, and to Bakhtin’s notions of chronotope and adressivity. It is especially the importance of the last of the mentioned notions that makes the Bakhtinian idea of the role of the reader differ from that of Eco. The addressivity of the novelistic text implies that any reader, by his otherness, adds a “different” element to the literary work, thus strengthening the dialogical aspect of the novel. In the analyzed passage of Flaubert’s novel, we see how the dialogical meeting of the creative chronotope of the author with that of the reader “liberates” the Flaubert’s text from the author’s contemporarity, admitting it to the longue durEe of literary masterpieces.FRENCH: Le role du destinataire chez Eco et Bakhtine: L’exemple deMadame Bovary de G. FlaubertA partir d’une analyse de discours d’un extrait du roman de Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary. Moeurs de Province (1856), cet article traite du role du lecteur selon respectivement Umberto Eco et Michail Bakhtine, a partir des notions econiennes de lecteur modèle et d’ intentio operis, et des notions bakhtiniennes de chronotope et d’ adressivité. C’est notamment l’importance de cette derni ere notion qui fait que la conception de role du lecteur chez Bakhtine differe de celle d’Eco. L’adressivite du texte romanesque implique que tout lecteur par son alterite ajoute un element “autre” a l’oeuvre litteraire, renforcant ainsi le caractere dialogique du roman. Dans l’extrait analyse du roman flaubertien, nous voyons comment la rencontre dialogique entre le chronotope createur de l’auteur et celui du lecteur “libere”le texte flaubertien de la contemporaneite de son auteur vers la longue durée des chefs d’oeuvres litteraires.key wordS: Flaubert, Bakhtine, Eco, Role du Lecteur, Dialogisme, Chronotope, Adressivite

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Author(s): 

NEZAMIZADEH MEHREGAN

Journal: 

PLUME

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    14
  • Pages: 

    131-152
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    801
  • Downloads: 

    234
Abstract: 

Before becoming one of the most popular genres in the twentieth century, autobiography has just experienced a change of nature. This change is due more to the development of social sciences, particularly psychoanalysis, sociology and ethnology. The expression of the psyche is this time assisted in particular by the emergence of the notion of the unconscious. Subjective now, the complex search of self would no longer have to search a social justification.The autobiographical work of Robbe-Grillet is a good example in this regard. The novelty lies both in the form and in the content. Indeed, next to the essay and the novel, one of the components of his trilogy of Romanesque (A. Robbe-Grillet, 1985, 1988, 1994), the autobiography of the author is fully complicit.This is a complicity that is defined narrowly in a report trilogy between components of the work. In this research we have the opportunity to look closely at the mechanisms of this new approach uses; mechanisms that ignore the axiom of Autobiographical pact (1975: 28).FRENCH: Les parcelles biographiques de l’oeuvre de Robbe-Grillet Avant de devenir l’un des genres les plus appr ecies au XXe siecle, l’autobiographie vient d’eprouver un changement de nature. Ce changement s’explique davantage par le developpement des sciences humaines, en particulier la psychanalyse, la sociologie et l’ethnologie.L’expression de la psyche est cette fois assistee notamment par l’apparition de la notion d’inconscient. Subjective d esormais, la quete complexe de soi n’aurait plus a chercher une justification sociale.L’oeuvre autobiographique de Robbe-Grillet donne un bon exemple a cet egard. Cette nouveaute reside aussi bien dans la forme que dans le fond. En effet, tout en etant, a cote de l’essai et du roman, l’un des composants de sa trilogie des Romanesques (Robbe-Grillet A., 1985, 1988, 1994), l’autobiographie de l’auteur y est pleinement complice. I1 s’agit d’une complicite qui se definit etroitement dans un rapport trilogique entre les composants de l’oeuvre. Au cours de la pr esente recherche nous aurons l’occasion d’etudier de pres les mecanismes dont cette nouvelle approche se sert; mecanismes qui ignorent meme l’axiome du Pacte autobiographique (1975: 28).KEYWORDS: Biographie, Autobiographie, Nouvelle Autobiographie, Autobiographie Fragmentee, Autobiographie Consciente, Auto-Hetero-Biographie

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