There is a profound and multiple relationship between child, literature and children's literature criticism. Children's literature criticism, if based on an integrated and comprehensive theory, might have a vast and deep influence on the interaction between child and her/ his literature. As children's literature theory is to consider "object" and "method" of children's literature, we use philosophy and theory interchangeably in this research. The first topic is the place and characterizations of children's literature and then characterizations and problems of philosophy of children's literature are discussed.