BAGH-E NAZAR
Year:2019 | Volume:15 | Issue:68 |Papers Count:6

Statement of the problem: “ Rab’ e Rashidi” or “ Rashidiyya” is an architectural complex. According to “ Mostowfi” , the author of “ Nuz’ hat al-Qulub” , it was a cultural and academic town, in the northeastern Tabriz at the foot of Mt. Sorkhā b. It was planned and founded in the reign of the Ilkhanid “ Sultan Muhammad Ö ljeitü ” by “ Khwā ja Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah” . According to the “ Endowment Deed” , the town encompassed several public buildings including a bathhouse. Therefore, it was expected that excavations reveal the ruins of an Ilkhanid bathhouse. The outdoor building in the southeastern quadrant of the site was thus overtly introduced as the Ilkhanid bathhouse of the complex by the former excavators. The underlying question of the present paper was the nature and function of this alleged bathhouse. Objectives: A precise understanding and systematic apperception of the nature, function and identity of a historical/archaeological construction is an essential and challenges facing those preparing any restoration plan are inevitable. No restoration master will then be able to restore a building precisely and systematically without gaining correct insights into that building and its archaeological structure. Methodology: Analytical review of the architectural plan, internal spaces, and building materials of the building allegedly designated as the Ilkhanid Bathhouse showed evident discrepancies with those of the known historical bathhouses in Iran. Results: Based on the falsifiable hypothesizing approach, the purported Ilkhanid Bathhouse could not serve such a function, and indeed there was no evidence to support its Ilkhanid date. The authors proposed the falsifiable hypothesis of a dying workshop or a tannery.

Urban spatial organization is a subjective issue, reflecting the order resulted from the relationship between the city’ s elements. Understanding the position and role of a city element in the city as a whole requires discovering its relationship with the spatial organization. In other words, the city’ s order is like a system and a whole. Based on the theory of city’ s spatial organization, the current study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between Mozafaria Complex and the city’ s spatial organization indicators in Tabriz City. In other words, this study examined the role of this complex in the whole system of the city from the time of the Qara Qoyunlu to the Qajar. In this study, the systemic role of Mozafaria Complex is not limited to its function and its features. The impetus behind this study is to discover the features defined in relation to other elements of the city. The method of the study is descriptive-analytical and deductive-exploratory; the library-research method was also used for data collection. The results indicate the significant effect of Mozafaria Complex and the spatial organization of Tabriz City on each other. This study also shows this complex plays a fundamental role in citizens’ perception of the city as a whole and its identity formation.

Statement of the problem: Internal branding can be considered as an important human activity for gaining competitive advantages. Repeatable experiences in hotels depend heavily on the consistent behaviors of human resources. Developing a native model and repeatability of customer experience in hotels is a practical and yet fundamental need for internal branding. Since no attempt has been made to introduce the native brand management model in Tehran hotels, the research question of the current paper includes: what is the model for the internal brand management of hotels in Tehran? The purpose of the research: The present study seeks to introduce the model of internal brand management which hs been obtained by using related data of Tehran Hotels from the view of experts with managerial and supervisional experiences. Methodology: This qualitative research has been done by using the grounded theory method and an encoded interview for 18 experts. The experts of this research have an experience of over 12 years management in Tehran hotels and they have higher education degree in management or marketing that has made the theoretical saturation possible through using snowball sampling. Therefore, after the coding of the texts, 535 open code, 18 sub-categories and 6 main categories have been identified. Conclusion: Results indicated that recruitment and training are the most important causal factors, manager behaviors and brand-oriented incentives are the most important strategic factors, and the consequences of employees and guests are the most important consequence factors. The manager as a fundamental element, and at the role of the brand translator, model and teacher makes possible the achievement of the internal brand. The obtained model can be tested and revised in other service sectors, but it is recommended that these types of studies with emphasis on this field also be carried out in the other parts of Iran’ s tourism industry.

Understanding the conditions and context of the religious tourism establishment as an event is immensely necessary and important. The current research, studies the Arba’ een event, as a unique phenomenon in the field of religious tourism. Following the interpretative paradigm and thematic analysis approach and by means of the qualitative research methods techniques (semi-structured interviews, crosswalk, and participant observation) the current research tries to understand the lived experience of the Iranian participants in the Arba’ een walk. By means of this procedure it tries to discover the nature, context and factors in line with the formation of the Arba’ een event. The findings indicate that the conditions and the underlying factors of the Arba’ een event were multi-mode, and the enormous participation of the people in these walking events has not been just diminished to one element. The cultural-ideological, social-economic, and political-national factors and contexts are of the important factors and, their diversity is the hallmark of the mega event and the uniqueness of this event.

Statement of Problem: The quest for the discovery of reality and meaning of existence prompted human being to tour the globe in order to realize his non-material and spiritual dimensions in parallel with his quest for cognition. Cultural attractions have always captivated tourists. Tourists travel to culturally important spots to get familiar with and understand the culture and history of inhabitants of different territories. When the cultural tourist is a human being endowed with non-material faculties based on the five senses, the environment and society, his perception of travel is not limited to materialistic perception. Therefore, it is necessary to study the concept of a cultural tourist’ s perception based on spiritual themes. Objective: Presenting a conceptual framework for cultural tourists’ perception of travel to Naqsh-e Jahan Square of Isfahan with a focus on spirituality Research Methodology: This qualitative research follows a descriptive-analytical approach using desk research data and relying on direct observations of foreign tourists at Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan in spring 2018. Conclusion: A cultural tourist’ s perception at the level of the five senses, the environment and society occurs in the context of spirituality as the very existential essence of human being. A cultural tourist’ s perception stemming from individual and environmental factors on a cultural attraction guarantees spirituality that is expressed with the focus on internal joy and happiness, connection with self and existence, metaphysical forces, feeling of serenity, return to self and exploring one’ s missing soul through connection with the Creator of being.

Particular attention to the relationship between architecture and nature, especially in the past three decades, has flourished a very distinctive accomplishments, and yet more useful than the past, in terms of the emergence of new architectural approaches as well as the coordination of new technologies, such as nanotechnology. Structure, as one of the essential components of architecture, is of particular importance. Different and sometimes contradictory approaches to designing structure and architecture, “ with” each other or “ on” each other, may create different qualities and affect the value of architecture and structure. Relying on the fact that the dialogue between the architect and the designer of the structure is one of the necessities of creating an architectural work, this paper puts a substantial emphasis on the learning of structural sciences by the architects and their mastery in the recognition of structural principles. Furthermore, with a critical look at the adherence of architecture to structure and the key role of naturalism the paper seeks out the origins of this problem in the method of structure training for architects. The pathology of failure to realize the use of nature strategies for the harmony of architecture and structure in the current architecture of Iran is the main research question in this study. This research has been based on three pillars of analysis, assessment and evaluation. In the first step, using a causal-comparative research methodology, the challenges of naturalism in architectural techniques after the industrial revolution are addressed and the position of structure in the naturalistic approach of these styles is evaluated. In the second step, applying interpretive-historical research method, the critics of architecture under discussion are addressed and the achievements of nature in architecture and in particular structure in academic arena are then pointed out. The survey and analysis with the help of SPSS software is the last instrument used for assessment and evaluation in this research. It should be noted that in this survey, the structural and experimental knowledge of the architect in forms, structures and natural structures were considered as the independent variables, whereas the design skills of architect in the harmony of architecture and structure using more naturalist strategies were considered as the dependent variable. Comparison of previous research with the survey indicates that the failure of Iran’ s current architecture for the harmony with structure and better exploitation of nature is due to the incorrect reception of the Iranian public architecture in this area, which is often formed in the area of education. Finally, this research accentuates on the purposeful change in teaching method of technical courses to improve the understanding of the behavior and structures by architects. Suggestions to improve such an important phenomenon in professional workspace are also presented.