ISLAMIC REVOLUTION STUDIES
Year:2016 | Volume:13 | Issue:45 |Papers Count:12

Two Islamic Revolutions of Iran (1979) and Egypt (2011) have been among the important and influential revolutions in the West Asia and the world being seriously taken into account by Revolution theorists. Here, the main question is that what the role and position of ideology has been in the course of revolution especially in the developments after collapse of the former regimes in these two countries. Enjoying the viewpoints of the fourth generation of revolution theorists particularly John Foran and Jack Gladstone, the paper is an attempt to investigate and compare these two revolutions in both domestic and foreign aspects. The findings of the research show that because of enjoying the coherent ideology of revolutionary Islam inspired from the political culture of Shia and under the auspices of Imam Khomeini’ s charismatic leadership, the Islamic Republic of Iran has played a fundamental role in creation of revolutionary situation, fall of Pahlavi Regime, and establishment and stabilization of the fledgling Islamic Republic Regime of Iran while the Egyptian revolutionists did not enjoy such kind of coherent intellectual-ideological support.

The main purpose of the paper is to understand and explain the how of representing Imam Khomeini`s manner of political life through a case study of the TV documentary shakhes, index. The main question of the paper follows as: what signs have been used in this documentary to represent Imam Khomeini`s political life? To attain purpose, meaning and theory of representation have been used as framework of the study and, following it, a terminology of the word sirah, manner of life, as was understood at the beginning of Islam, has been given. Then the terms related to the study including manner of life, political manner of life and sign have been defined. In the methodology of study, Roland Barthes` model of validity has been used. Categories needed to survey selected scenes and to answer the questions of the study have been extracted from this model and used.

Attaining knowledge of nature and changes of sanctions, referred to by the great leader as a full economic war, is necessary for planning political and economic strategies against sanctions. Studying the way and structure of Obama`s sanctions, one understands that a different return has been formed in sanctions with regard to their form, economic part of the goal, the way of execution and intensity aiming at increasing pressure on Iranians to cause them to become unsatisfied and act against Iran`s Government. The main agent in the field for USA lies in the event of 1388 due to which the enemy hope to make IRI defeated from inside. Needless to say, along with the agent the increase of IRI area`s power and frequent defeats of Israel regime facing the resistant current, the changes in world oil market and defeat of purposed sanctions may be known as effectual in the field. Such being the case, opposing economic weaknesses, specially its being dependent on oil, should be centered on as the most effectual strategy to oppose the sanctions.

Behavioral models and regulating them as parameters forming political order have been regarded as an applicable frame for international relations. Among them, that ruling on the relations between IRI and USA during about four decades after establishing IRI has been based on the model of opposition. In the paper, it is intended to explain main components in such model. The question of the paper follows as: which national, regional and international agents have caused such oppositions between them? The method of study is a descriptive, explanatory and analytic one. As is concluded, ideological disagreements between these countries, their people`s mutual views to one another and such important problems as atomic energy, human rights, fighting against terrorism and middle east`s peace as national, regional and international agents have caused such opposite relations between them.

With the rising of Islamic movement in Egypt and falling of Mobarak Regime, many analysts viewed Mohammad Morsi`s attaining power as a new period in Egyptian national and international structure. Yet, in a short time, Morsi`s regime fell with a military coup. Meanwhile, the high leader of IRI proposed different dimensions of public movements as Islamic awakening. The paper has intended to study Morsi`s falling with regard to the high leader`s view. The great leader has viewed in deferent fields of rising, growth and pathology of the movements in the west of Asia. His speeches has been focused on in this paper.

Today, human rights instead of being a law hope and desire has been a political instrument for western powers against others. Disregarding the fact, we may compare The International Bill of Human Rights, as the highest law document, with other law teachings and texts in a scientific approach. The paper has intended to study the bill with Islamic human rights to make some failures of the bill and some strengths of Islamic teachings clear. As is made clear in the paper, the strengths of Islamic teachings lie in various areas including origin, object, moral state, natural state, agent foundations, instrument for measurement. It should be stated that some part of western human rights not included in the bill like that relating to the third generation of human rights has not been considered in this study.

Rising of IRI in Iran, in addition to changing political, cultural and social principles and values ruling society and giving a new definition of identity, changed the principles and norms of policy-making. Confronting a new other called Zionism has begun since the forming of IRI and during the time, has not been of no effect of changing in the meaning and using of power from hard to soft and, finally, to smart power. As is clear, IRI has altered its grounds of confrontation with Zionist regime to a smart state and a combined form of hard and soft. In the paper, the grounds for IRI`s smart confrontation against Zionist regime has been studied and it is concluded that IRI`s hard and soft confrontation against Zionist regime has put Israel`s ontological immunity opposed to threat.

The study, aiming at surveying Imamiyah view on jihad, tries to answer the question: how is jihad explained in Imamiyah view and does it differ from terrorism or not? The hypothesis follows as: for Imami Shiite, jihad is regarded as a measure to repel oppression and sedition; it is, therefore, fully contrary to terrorism. For examining the hypothesis, a conceptual frame of the ontology of international relations in Shiite view has been given and then a fundamental picture of Imami`s view on Jihad presented. For the purpose, the analytical descriptive method and for gathering information the library-based method has been used. As is shown, Imamiyah defining jihad and its types and deciding its conditions for each type`s being necessity, has viewed jihad as a way against oppression and sedition and for establishing peace and humanistic relations.

USA and Afghanistan`s Treaty of Strategic Partnership was signified to establish security, stability and improve political, social and cultural conditions in Afghanistan. Regarding hostile relations of USA and IRI, the treaty would bear some threats against IRI`s national security. However, main question in the field consists in: what threats would this strategic treaty being followed by a long time presence of USA in Afghanistan and IRI`s boundaries bear against IRI`s national security? The study, using analytical descriptive and library-based method, has founded that the treaty would be of threats in different political, military-security, economic and social levels.

Enjoying the revolutionary essence of Shiite school, the Islamic Republic of Iran creates a model from structure of Islamic government revolving around the core of political Islam which is considered to be challenging for the global system of domination. This study aims at evaluating the discourse of Iranophobia in CNN channel. Using Van Dyke’ s critical discourse analysis method, the authors have dealt with studying the discourse of the presenter of GPS News Talk on 2013 in two categories of text and social context. The category of text was investigated in three levels of meaning, style and deduction while the category of context was studies in two levels of availability rate and participants. The results indicate that Fareed Zakaria’ s discourse in regard to dealing with Iran’ s problems is biased.