PEYKE NOOR JOURNAL
Year:2006 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 ( ECONOMICS 2)|Papers Count:11

Unprecedented science achievement in various areas of human knowledge in recent century has brought about complex and large systems that has complicated the identification of prioritized factors in Iran economy strategic policies and the relationships between them.Thus an approach is required that, while managing the complexity, presents a vivid and transparent picture of system components and their relationships.Systems, like Iran economy system, become complicated when the number of their components increases and any change in one component brings about changes in the whole system. This dynamic changing is rarely linear. Hence, using differential equations one cannot predict the behaviour of the system.The purpose of this paper is to present systemic relationship of Iran economy strategic policies using systems engineering methodology and math; an approach that, while observing totality, determines the strategic policies in the framework of prioritized content relationship. Because Iran economy problems are becoming complicated daily, to determine the priority of intended strategic policies, we have consulted the experts and those who are familiar whith Iran economy. In doing so, first we have a brief look at Iran economy history and then we consider applied math concepts in sytems. Finally, using these concept, we have presented the systemic relationship of Iran economy strategic policies.

In modern agriculture, like other commerce activities, the key to obtain good income is using an appropriate combination of production inputs like farmland, machinery, seed, labour force and managerial Potentiality. Providing necessary inputs requires having enough money. Because of seasonal nature of agricultural products, there is always a temporary space between payments and receipts, therefore the famers have to provide their necessary capital through loan. Loan, a most enduring and reliable method of providing money, means getting capital and service, then paying them back in future. If the loan is in the form of money then this kind of providing capital is called credit.In most countries, the government and/or finance institution are to supply credit to farmers. In Iran too, agricultural bank is the most important finance institution in agricultural sector. In this paper we try to evaluate the impact of agricultural bank granted credit effectiveness on macroeconomic variables including investment, employment and added value in this sector. The time period in this study is from 1345 to 1380. In this study, using an econometric tool, we have estimated a concurrent equation model to investigate the effectiveness of intended credits. The results show that this effectiveness during the specified years has been positive, so that one percent increase in agricultural bank capital credits has resulted in 0.43%, 0.034% and 0.0003% increase in investment, employment and added value respectively and one percent increase in agricultutal bank current (or registered) credits has resulted in 0.1%, 0.05% and 0.49% increase in the above variables, respectively.

For the managers, estimating the efficiency of different units under management is of utmost importance. Viewing the process of globalization School of Islamic Education and Economics, Imam Sadegh (peace upon him) University.in the world, the rate of efficiency of different units has gained a great currency since 1380. Iran, having 14 percent of the world’s gas reserves and 9 percent of the world’s oil resources, is respectively classified as the second and fifth rank in the world. Considering the existing primary resources, cheap labor and also the experience of the oil and gas industries, the petro-chemical industry has expanded a great deal after the end of imposed war by Iraq against Iran.At the present time, nine confederates of Iranian petrochemical industries are engaged in working and producing about 14.5 million tons of different products annually. Viewing the variety of their production, the efficient operation of these confederates is very important. The main objective of this article is to estimate the efficiency of these confederates in the years 1379-1382, using the Data Envelopment Analysis approach.In this analysis, first we consider the incoming variables Xi and the outgoing variables Yi.Then looking at the coefficient of importance of each of these variables, as determined in our model, the efficiency rate of petro-chemical confederates is calculated. In this approach, the number of units must be greater than 3 times worth of all incoming and outgoing variables. This article attempts to solve the problem by using a specific approach and show that Iranian petrochemical confederates generally have an efficiency rate equal to 0.84 percent and Imam port and Khark petrochemical confederates operate efficiently.

Liberalisation and privatisation policies have been carried out in many countries for a long time and so recently in developing countries and partialy have led to the beneficial results in some countries.This research paper examines the consequences of liberalisation policy of communication activities in Communication Company of Mazandaran province. Effects of this policy on some variables such as productivity, quantitative development of employment and acceleration of aims’ achievement in development plans of communication will be analysed.Our hypotheses are as follows:1) Liberalisation of communication activities has been led to increase in productivity.2) Liberalisation of communication activities has been resulted in qualitative development of employment.3) Liberalisation of communication activities has accelerated obtaining of aims in development plans of communication.I have come to the conclusion that, from the economic point of view, the liberalisation of communication activities has been a successful policy and all the hypotheses have been confirmed. Accordingly, I suggest this policy for other activities as well as other companies.

Today E-commerce is one of the most important issues and recently it has become crucial for undeveloped or developing countries. Because of this, countries have understood that they will be out of the Global Market if they don' t start the stage of EC readiness, and will lose their economic share soon.Nowadays in the commercial sector, the old way of doing business cannot adapt itself to fast growing technology and demand, because paper work is very costly. International organizations (i.e. World Bank, International Monetary Fund, …) began new commerce by using computer and communication network to increase productivity and efficiency, decrease financial costs and …Then E-commerce took place.The main purpose of this paper is to identify the quantitative measurements of EC first. Then to use these indices to estimate the impact of EC on value-added and total factor productivity (TFP) of the industrial sector in province of Tehran. To do this, a cobb-douglas production function growth accounting approach have been used.The results of our estimation indicate that:1) There is a positive correlation between E-commerce and rate of growth of value- added of the industrial sector in Tehran province.2) There is a positive correlation between E-commerce and rate of growth of TFP of the industrial sector in Tehran province.

Karl Marx and Max Weber are two great German thinkers who have presented their economic and social theories regarding the performance and future of capitalism with a time lag of around half a century at the end of the 19th and early 20th century. Marx focuses on capitalistic order through dialectical materialism and declares that in this economic system changes in social relations are a function of changes in economic relations and also the nature of proprietorship of the means of production which are continuously evolving. In the process of dialectical materialism, the capitalist system is a transitory stage as the other previous economic systems which, after industrializing the society, with the development of its internal contradictions and in a revolutionary manner, will ultimately change into a socialistic system.On the other hand, in a monumental historical study that Max Weber has accomplished about the union between Protestanism- a branch of reformed Christianity- and the development and evolution of capitalism, by emphasizing on the impacts of “Protestant Reformation” which occurred from 1517 to 1565 A.D., and also the effect of “Protestant Ethic” on the process of industrialization in the capitalistic countries which have relied on the mental principles of protestant Christianity, he believes that in the modern western society the behavior of individuals is subject to “targeted rationality”. For this reason, Weber predicted that the industrialized capitalist system in the West will continue to be firm and stable.The main objective of this article is to analytically survey and evaluate the contradictory predictions of these two great thinkers, which have attracted the comments and viewpoints of both economists and sociologists for many years and still leads to an endless discussion in the economic and social meetings of the world.

The formation and establishment of multi-national corporations are found as the most controversial phenomena in the global economic development of the twentieth century. During this certain period of time the so-called corporations have been so impressive that there one can hardly find any state which is not influenced somehow by them and their influential policies. Despite the diversity in viewpoints and the evolution of different approaches as to the positive and the negative effects the corporations impose on the global economic arena, namely, with regard to the under-developed states across the world, we cannot disregard the ever-increasing role played by the corporations in the global economy and even in the authority of statsmen because the performance of the corporations, as mentioned, is so intermingled with various aspects of the ever-developing states structure that it turns out to be impossible to have further understanding and analysis of the economic and social situations of the states, as intended here, regardless of the determining role played by the multi-national corporations. Whereas the multi-national corporations are interested in developing and expanding their economic invest in the industrially- developed countries, the developing countries are also determined to encourage the developed countries, by adopting some policies through their good understanding, to invest economically in their respective states. What’s more, it has to be mentioned that the corporations final decision on the matter of determining and establishing their field and place of economic activity is based on their understanding and interpretation of the interests they think they will win of their already-established place, taking the possible adventures into account.

In this paper, the population age distribution effect on private consumption is being analyzed empirically by the aid of Ando-Modigliani’s life cycle hypothesis. Annual time series data for the years 1338-1382 are used and co-integration techniques are adopted in the analysis.The results indicate that private consumption is strongly affected by changes in the population age distribution. Further, the Iranian economic data confirms the Ando-Modigliani’s life cycle hypothesis that the effective saving is done by the middle-aged population. The results also suggest that the bulk of saving is done by those who are in the range of 30 to 45 years of age.

Paying (electronic) money method for transaction through internet has always been presented as one of the most fundamental issues in e-commerce and e-business. After surveying different existing e-Payment, such as using credit cards, B2B methods, and also benefits, risks and costs for building these systems, we show that, while about 95 percent of e-commerce are of B2B type, credit cards aren’t appropriate for this huge kind of commerce.