JOURNAL OF APPLIED EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY (JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE)
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

The present study investigates the relationship between height,weight and body mass index (BMI) of the preadolescents at football schools with their individual skills. The population includes all football schools that had been given a certificate in Isfahan. Cluster sampling was used to select 16 football schools, including 171 preadolescents from three age groups (10, 11and 12years old). The participants' height and weight were first measured, and then they took valid and reliable skill tests which included running with the ball, turning with the ball, speed of running and dribbling. ANOVA and LSD and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis in this study. The results showed that there is a significant difference in height, weight and BMI between three age groups (p<0.001) and a significant relationship between weight, on the one hand, and height and BMI, on the other, among 3 age groups. Also a significant relationship was found between height and BMI in 10 and 11 years old age groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between speed of running with weight (r=-0.314) and BMI (r=-0.317) in the 10 years old group. There was a significant negative relationship between weight, on the one hand, and the running with the ball (r=-0.251), turning with the ball (r=-0.317), speed of running (r=-0.465), on the other, in the 11years old group. Besides there was a significant negative relationship between BMI with the turning with the ball (r=-0.222) and the speed of running (r=-0.431) as well as height with the speed of running (r=-0.298) in 11 years old preadolescents (p<0.05). Finally the highest correlation was found between height, weight and BMI with individual skills of 11year old preadolescents.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of four weeks of detraining and retraining after 8 weeks of continuous training on some markers of hemostatic system in rats (296±5gr, and old-5month). 48 male wistars were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups and related-subgroups including baseline levels, detraining and retraining groups. The training protocol was performed for 8 weeks, 5 days a week with defined speed and duration. Also, the detraining and retraining protocols performed for 4 weeks. The blood sampling was taken after 12 to 24 hours fasting in baseline, detraining and retraining phases. Fibrinogen and APTT and PAI-1 were measured by Clauss clotting and enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay (ELISA) method, respectively. Data were analyzed by the repeated measure and least significant Difference (LSD) as well as t-tests at P≤0.05 level. The results showed the detraining resulted in significant increase of fibrinogen levels but not in significant decrease of APTT levels. Furthermore, the retraining resulted in significant decrease of fibrinogen levels but no change was observed in APTT levels. On the other hand, the detraining resulted in significant increase PAI-I levels, while the retraining tended to show decreasing amounts of PAI-1. These findings suggest four weeks of detraining can destroy balance in the hemostatic system and four weeks of retraining can not inhibit detraining-induced coagulation response.

The purpose of this study was an assessment of young adolescent handball players' performance and awareness about injury prevention strategies including warm-up, cool down, flexibility, strength, protective equipment and nutrition. The study was essentially descriptive using retrospection. The participants included the adolescent handball players participating in Isfahan league. It involved 12 teams and 216 athletes in 1385. Five teams involving 83 handball players (Mean±SD: Age 16.4±1.4 year, height 178.3±5.6 cm, weight 69.8±5.1kg) were randomly selected. The instrument for data collection was a modified version of the questionnaire originally designed by Hawkins and Fuller (1998). Descriptive statistic procedures and t-test were used for the analysis the collected data. The results showed that the highest level of awareness was about warm-up prior to training (90.6±17.3) and competition (88.8±17.9) and the lowest level of awareness was about using of knee pad (57.8±24) in reducing knee injury. Also players had the highest performance about warm-up prior to training (92.7±14.8) and competition (93.3±18.3) and the lowest performance was using knee pad in training (8.7±16.7) and competition (10.2±21). The result showed that there was a significant difference between awareness (74.6±15.1) and performance (53.6±14.2) about prevention strategies (t=4.46, p=0.000). The results of study indicate that awareness raising and improving the level of performance about injury and prevention strategies in handball players are necessary. This problem can be well addressed by prganizing workshops for player and coaches about the risk factors.

The ability of generate maximal muscular force and perform a higher volume of training is dependent upon rest interval length between sets. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three different rest intervals on bench press performance in four consecutive sets with 90% 1RM in trained student. For this reason, 17 trained students of Guilan University (aged 21.92±1.89 years; height 176.53±4.50 cm; and weight 76.98±5.95 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects performed four testing sessions of bench press with 48 hours recovery period between sessions. In the first session, one repetition maximum (1RM) was measured. During each test session subjects performed four sets of bench press with a 90% 1RM up to voluntary exhaustion with a 90, 150, and 240 sec rest intervals between sets. For statistical analysis of data, two-way repeated measures and LSD post hoc were used. In all of three rest intervals, there were significant differences in the percentage of repetition completed between the first set and each subsequent set there after. Bench press performance in 240 sec rest interval was significantly higher than 150 and 90 sec. bench press performance in 150 sec rest interval was also significantly higher than 90 sec. The ability to sustain repetitions while keeping the intensity constant may result in a higher training volume and consequently better results in muscular strength. When training goal is maximal strength development, 240 seconds of rest should be taken between sets to sustain repetition in consecutive sets.

Despite the growing popularity of women's futsal in Iran and the increasing number of female players, there have been few researches on injuries sustained by female futsal players. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and etiology in female futsal players. Information related to injuries (types of injuries, time of injuries, location of injuries) from among players of seven teams participating in Isfahan provincial league was collected by interviewing the injured athletes and the medical team. (Means±SD; age 22±4.7, height 160.75±8.2 (m), weigh 55.97±7.6 (kg), BMI 21.68±2.7 (k.m2). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analysis of data.The result of this study showed that in total 95 female futsal players participating in Isfahan provincial league players 45 athletes received injury (equivalent to incidence 5.3 injuries per 100_player hour). Bruise was the most frequent type of injury, (P=0.00). Significant injuries most commonly involved the lower extremity (n=51.1%), (P=0.02) and the knee was the most frequent type of injury. The injures of the first halftime and those of the second halftime were not significantly different. Also injuries in the second half and the last 5 mins were 21 percent. 95.6% of injuries were not related to the fouls in the game, (P=0.00).The incidence of contact injuries (n=75.6%) was significantly more than non-contact injuries (n=24.4), (P=0.00).Minor intensity injuries made up the highest level (n=51.1%).

It is believed that the amount of antioxidant enzymes activity increases during the moderate aerobic exercise and protects the tissue against the oxidative stress. The aim of the current study is to compare the endurance swimmers with non-athletes males regarding three factors: Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Glutathione Peroxides (GPX), and serum lipid profile. For the purpose of the study, 25 endurance swimmers participated in swimming exercises for three 45 minutes sessions every week seven months before the study. The 23 non-athletes selected did not participate in any regular physical exercises in the same period. TAC was measured according to FRAP method, GPX was measured by controlling the reaction of Autoxidation Pyrogallol, and Profile Lipid indexes density was measured according to Pars company's Enzymatic standard kit methods. The result showed that the amount of TAC, GPX, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the swimmers was significantly higher than the non-athletes (P<0.05), but their BMI and fat body percent were significantly lower than the nonathletes (P<0.05). Moreover, it was observed there is not any significant difference between Uric Acid, Bilirobin, and Lipid indexes of the two groups (P>0.05). Therefore, performing special swimming exercises regularly result in improvement and fortification of antioxidant system against the oxidative stress produced during exercise.

It has been shown that endurance exercise training has beneficial impacts on hematological profiles. In spite of the effect of aerobic exercise, there is no a general agreement on the effect of anaerobic exercise, particularly Running-Based anaerobic Sprint test (RAST) on hematological profiles. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a four- week anaerobic exercises (RAST as a protocol) on the hematologic changes in young male kick- boxers. Thirty young male kick-boxers 19.26 (±2.06 yr, 177.5±5.08cm in high, 69.76±13.72 kg in weight and 22.06±3.588 kg/m2) who volunteered to participate in this study were assigned to a control and experimental (training) groups. The training group were asked to spent half (45minutes) of their regular kick-boxing training for the RAST protocol and the control group were asked to practice their regular kick boxing training. Blood samples were taken before 2 weeks and after 4 weeks of RAST training for hematological indices (WBC, RB, HOB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and LSD was employed as a suitable following test. A significant increase in HOB, platelets (PLT) and mean cell volume (MVC), and RDW were observed in the experimental group. However, the concentrations and percentage of WBC, RBC, MCH, MCHC, and HCT were not significant. We did not find any significant differences between the groups. The results indicate that using anaerobic exercise training protocol (RAST protocol) was able to change some hematological indices such as HOB and RDW which are important in red blood cell composition. On the other hand, a higher PLT counts might result in thrombin which is the primary activator of platelets at the site of thrombus formation and a major driving force in thrombus.