ANDISHE-E-NOVIN-E-DINI
Year:2008 | Volume:4 | Issue:12|Papers Count:7

Guardianship has been known to be a Divine command to complete prophetic mission. This Divine rank has been decided for the leaders appointed as caliphates for prophets after their death or absence. The view is in full agreement with the teachings of Qoran and Bible; they both know it a Divine and necessary rank for revealed religions to be completed. Relying on Qoran and Bible, this pen has paid attention to the guardianship of the prophets of division, ululazm, at first and then, turned to the problem of guardianship in Islam and caliphate of the Islamic Prophet. It has argued for a chain of Divine guardians as is established for Divine prophets. Finally, it has been pointed out that as Islam has been regarded the most complete religion; its guardianship would also be the most complete one. The prophet of Islam, therefore, has divinely appointed Ali (a) as his guardian.

The background of traditionalism includes a period less than a century. This school of thought established by the hand of such scholars as Rene Guenon, Coomaraswamy and Schuon. The most fundamental opinion of traditionalists consists in their consideration of an everlasting wisdom as the core for all religions and of every tradition as a special appearance of that. Furthermore, they believe in the fundamental unity of Divine religions being ordered in the same level. They distinguish between esoteric and exoteric aspects of religions and know the core of them to be one.In this paper, the challenges opposed to traditionalism have been made clear. Among the challenges can be counted: lacking of a particular standard for distinguishing the originality of a tradition, ambiguity in the selfsameness of esoteric aspects of religions and in the quality of the relationship between esoteric aspect and exoteric one. In addition, theoretical mysticism would stand in full disagreement to the theory of higher unity of religions. In this view, Divine religions are ordered respectively and Islam is the fullest Divine manifestation of God for human kind.

Attaining some mode of knowledge of God has been counted the most necessary duty for man. Contrary to the world in which we live and all things around us, God is an Absolute Being beyond time and space. Therefore, one cannot attain a perfect mode of knowledge of Him relying on them. Using the concept of limitless in mathematics would prepare a relatively perfect knowledge in the field.In this paper, some examples of mathematical nature such as the relation of limitless to numbers have been used to clarify the relation of God to creatures, the place of man in creation and God’s being near to or far from creatures. It is the way in which the great French philosopher and mathematician, Descartes, having doubted in all doubtable things, has sought to prove the existence of God. This paper, explaining his theory and method, has focused on the unity of God and by the help of another example, has proved it.

This paper has intended to explain what new theology is. Since there seems to be a relationship between new theology and old theology, the meaning and historical root of theology has been referred to at first and then, explaining the meaning of new theology, the manner in which Christian theology appeared has been dealt with. In this way it is concluded that new theology should be regarded to be the same as new metaphysics. And the relation between new theology and philosophy of religion and the common misunderstanding of some scholars in the field have been discussed finally.

The view of Islam and other revealed religions, Jewish, Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Sabein on the nature of angles has been regarded as the subject of this paper. Angle’s qualities, role and action, their mode of existence, the type of their knowledge, action and position in the creation world and their part in revelation, administrating the world and their other missions have been considered in this paper.Moreover, the common grounds of religions in the field and the differences have been brought into eyes. The paper, relying on the common teachings on the subject, emphasizes on the unity of Ibrahamian religions and regards the differences to be some results of distortion of religions from Hanif religion. Meanwhile, when explaining the problem, theologian and philosopher’s views have also been relied on.

The problem of God’s existence has been attended to by philosophers for all times. In this manner, various proofs have been given one of their most important is the proof of Seddiqin. In this proof one perceived the existence of God through the existence itself, while in the others one cannot do so. Ibn Sina has been the first who presented the proof and, then, others have sought to give it in some better words.This paper has brought Ibn Sina and Sheikh Ishraq’s justifications on the proof into consideration with regard to Sadra’s critical points and then criticized Sadra’s speechs in the field.

Technology of cloning has caused some challenges in various areas of human lives. In the process, happening by passing a material nucleus into an ovule of no nucleus, an entity like the original one come to existence. Some know the clone to be of many therapeutic effects and social benefits and help the needy patients, while others have considered it as something forbidden.This paper has brought some reasons for and against cloning into consideration. It has repelled such demurs as negating the existence of God, man’s being a creator, changing the creation, hampering the order of family and distraction of human variety. It has been proved that none of the demurs can lead to its being unlawful. Finally the problem of copy’s resurrection has been put forward and responsed.