Iranian Journal of Nursing Research
Year:2006 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Introduction: CPR education is an important subject in nursing education. Achieving an efficient method in CPR training is the aim of any tutor.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to compare the effects of two teaching methods of CPR (basic life support) on knowledge and performance of freshman nursing students.60 students were randomly selected and equally divided into two manikin and film groups. In one group, a 2-hour lecture was followed by manikin demonstration for 45 minutes and in another group, an educational film was shown for 45 minutes after the lecture. Data were collected by a questionnaire and a checklist after 1 week.Results: Findings showed that the majority of students in manikin (%56.6) and film (%63.4) groups obtained a high level of knowledge regarding CPR with no significant difference (X2=0.27, df=1, P=0.59).%56.7 of students in each group also gained satisfactory performance with no significant difference (X2=0, df=1,P=1). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no difference between the effects of the two teaching methods of CPR. Therefore, with regard to the shortage of CPR manikin (due to its high price) in nursing schools and hospitals, showing educational films can be helpful compensatory.

Introduction: Immobility and its complications are of important problems in patients under mechanical ventilation. Body positioning is essential to prevent complications of immobilization and it is a critical nursing intervention. Evidence based practice and effective as well as, safe application of it by nurses require numerous studies regarding its influences on the indices.Methods: In this clinical trial, 16 ICU patients under mechanical ventilation with SIMV mode and no contraindication for changing position were selected by convenient sampling. A check list was used for data gathering. Patients were positioned from basal position (supine) to prone position and stayed in this position for 30 minutes. Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured before and two times (in minute 15 and 30) after positioning for comparison. Results: SaO2 was significantly increased after prone position (P=0.002) but other indices (RR, TV, Air way Resistance and Static Compliance) had no significant changes. No significant clinical cardiovascular changes occurred after prone position. Conclusion: It can be concluded that prone position can be safely used in mechanically ventilated patients. Benefits of prone position including decreased airway resistance and increased tidal volume and SaO2 can be considered in these clients.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important chronic disorders and a worldwide problem with a complex and multifactorial nature, challenging developed as well as developing countries. In spite of developments in medical technology and spending heavy costs, the disease has not been controlled to promote patients' quality of life.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Partnership Care Model on promoting the quality of life of CAD patients at Besat hospital in Tehran. 60 CAD patients were randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. SF-36was used to assess the quality of life of the patients. The model was designed and applied for 3 months.Results: Findings showed a significant difference between the scores of physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life in the groups before and after the intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that Partnership Care Model is applicable for promoting the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease.

Introduction: The use of computers has been increased in recent years. Many factors involve and the attitude toward computers one of them. The purpose of this study was to develop an Iranian scale for determining attitude toward computer and to test its content and face validities.Methods: The scale was developed in 4 phases. Phase 1: reviewing literature to define "computer attitude;" Phase 2: constructing item following a thorough literature review and interviewing with 20 computer experts and users; Phase 3: testing content validity of the scale and selecting 20 computer experts to rate items based on 'relevance,' 'clarity,' and 'simplicity' by a four-point scale; Phase 4: determining face validity of the scale.Results: From phase 1 and 2, definition of "computer attitude" was determined and 60 items ranked by a 5-point Likert scale were developed. In phase 3 and 4, the researcher analyzed the results of the content validity of the scale. The items with %75 content validity index or more based on experts' opinions were kept and the rest were omitted (26 items). At the end, 34 items were selected. The scale was then tested for face validity by a panel of 20 computer experts and users (lecturers and students). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the Iranian Computer Attitude Scale (ICAS) with 34 items is valid. With respect to the importance of computer attitude determination and its close connection to computer usage, determining attitudes toward computer in organizations is suggested. Furthermore, measuring psychometric properties of the scale is suggested for future studies.

Introduction: Studies show that low-back pain is one of the most common occupational hazards in nurses. There are multiple physical and psychological risk factors in the work environment for its occurrence and recurrence. Lack of understanding and controlling these factors can lead to disability of professionals, heavy medical costs and absenteeism. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of low-back pain and its risk factors in nurses at teaching hospitals in Zanjan in 2003. Methods: All 296 nurses at different educational levels participated in the study. A questionnaire completed by interview was used for data collection. It consisted of questions regarding demographics, features of the pain and its possible risk factors. Different statistical tests were used for data analysis.Results: Findings showed that the prevalence of low-back pain was %52.7 and the mean of sick leaves was 10.3 days (SD=16.8) over a year before the study. Such risk factors as age, experience, marital status, type of ward/s, duration of housework, frequency of lifting things more than 3 kg, frequency of changing position, frequency of moving patients from bed to stretcher and vice versa, familial history of low-back pain and history of musculoskeletal disorders were effective in the prevalence (p<0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of low-back pain in nurses is significant compared with similar studies in Tehran (%65) and Rasht (%25.7). With respect to multiple risk factors with possible individual and biomechanical effects on the incidence of low back pain in the subjects, further studies regarding the knowledge of managers and staff regarding preventive principles of low-back pain and identification of effective guidelines in this respect are highly recommended.

Introduction: Pneumonia is the most common fatal disease in infancy. Each year, more than 2 million children under 5 years of age die from it and %70-75 of these deaths occurs in infants.Methods: This descriptive analytical study was carried out to assess physical, economic and familial conditions of infants with pneumonia at Children Medical Center in Tehran. 66 infants between 1-12months and their mothers were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and an observational checklist for recording clinical signs. Results: The mean age of infants was 5.6 months. Most of them (%60.6) was the first child of their parents and %54.5 was female. Most of the mothers (%90.9) were households and most of their fathers had nongovernmental jobs (%54.5) and smokers (%63.6). The most significant clinical signs included: tachypnea (%100), indrawn chest (%100), and fever >38°C (%100), cough (%83.3), anorexia (%51.5) and dyspnea (%40.9). %43.9, %47, and %69.7 of the samples had PH <7.35, PO2 between 60-80 mmHg and PaCO2 <35 mmHg respectively. Conclusion: According to the above clinical signs, it seems that rapid diagnosis and intervention as well as providing necessary information to families regarding the signs of pneumonia are crucial in the survival of infants.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders in adults. It often accompanies with task disturbance, inability and low efficiency and can impose heavy expenses to societies. Approximately, women comprise half of population in each society and the prevalence of depression is higher in them than men.Methods: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of depression in women referring to health centers to identify those at risk and, therefore, by supporting and increasing their knowledge, promote community health. 350 women referring to health centers from October to November 2003 took part. Data were collected by a questionnaire.Results: Prevalence rates of mild, moderate and severe depression were %18, %19.9 and %4.3 respectively. Severe depression rates in those under 30, between30 and 40 and over 40 were %2.3, %4.9 and %6.9 respectively. Women with academic education had no severe depression (P=0.034). Depression rates in employed and household women were %35.5 and %42.7 respectively (P=0.012). %70.6 of women with severe depression had the history of depression in their families (P=0.0001) here was no significant relationship between age, marital status, husband's occupation as well as family income and the prevalence of depression. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the prevalence of depression is higher in housewives, those over 40, unmarried women and those whose husbands have unstable income.

Introduction: The research is one of the basic features in the process of development and the essential aim of research is innovating. This research intends to analyze the current situation and to find a bright perspective in nursing research. Methods: This study is based on descriptive-analytic method. It means that all the nursing researches in the last 30 years have been studied in four important postgraduate universities in the nursing faculties of Iran, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Tarbiat Modarres. These studies are divided into 3 decades concerning to their research subjects.Results: The data showed that the direction of researches were as follows: (a) The knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses (19.6%). (b) effects of nursing interventions (17.1%), (c) survey of diseases (15.7%), (d) educational needs of patients (13.5%), (e) effects of education on knowledge improvement (13.4%), (f) the quality of nurse-caring (12%) and (k) the occupational problems(9.2%). Conclusion: The mentioned data showed that, all nursing researches were the verifying or confirming the knowledge or methods, which were generally studied by the other researchers previously.Accrediting to the results, any innovation in research methods and knowledge development was found.