Cell Journal (Yakhteh)
Year:2001 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Legionnair's disease bacterium is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacilli which parasitize human alveolar macropages as well as some species of free living amobae. This study was achieved in order to compare the cell wall composition in intracellular bacteria. Whole cell and outer membrane proteins and the bacterial lipopolysacharide (LPS) were analyzec on SDS page system and immunoblot. Materials and Methods: L. pneumophila were originally isolated from pneumoina patients suferring from legionnaires' disease. Legionella were grown intracellularly under different tempratures. Bacteria were then released from host cellsand outer membrane proteins and LPS were extracted. Purified LPS and OMP along with cell envelope were sujected to SDS PAGE analysis. The proteins and LPS patternswere finally compared with cell components grown on the culture media different temperatures. The proteins patterns were reacted with L. pneumophila polyvalant antisera in western blot system. Results: The LPS patterns showed minor changes under different conditions of cellgrowth. The quantity of some LPS bands were also changed when extra and intra -cellular bacteria were compared. The OMP patterns also showed some major heterogeniticity under cell growth conditions. Interestingly, a new 15 Kda protein have been expressed in OMP patterns under intracellular growth. The western blot analysis revealed new protein to react weakly with anti-legionella antibody. Conclusions: It is postulated that some of molecular changes under intracellular conditions may contribute in legionella virulence in host cell.

Introduction: Mucinous compounds are a group of neutral glycoprotein which have a prime effect for protection of surface epithelium against digestion. Studies showed the changes of these compounds in neoplasia and Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Materials and Methods: Specimens were taken from 25 surgically resected stomach from gastric lesion and it's periphery and processed as routine in pahology. Praffin blockes were cutted 3-5m thickness and sections were studied histochemically using Alcian blue pH=1 and pH=2.5, Toluidine blue pH=4.5 in Vernol's buffer,H&E and diffrent blocking techniques such as active metylation, mild metylation and active metylation with Saponification. Results: Results of this study showed the acidic nature of glycoprotein in intestinal metaplasia and signet ring cell carcinoma. More ever, sialomucins and sulphomucins were detected in type I and type IIb Intestinal metaplasia. Morever combination of tubidne blue and blocking technique showed that sulphate groups are responsible for metachromasia of mucinous compounds. Conclusion: The presence of sulphomucins in intestinl metaplasia recognized as arisk factor for progression of neoplasia , therfore recognition of these compounds inbiopsy specimen is a important warning and needs a serious follow up of the patient.

Introduction: Cyclosporine A (Neoral) is one of the immunosuppresive drugs that because of wide distribution in whole body can cause many side effects in different organs this study was done because of this drug effect on rat,s ovary tissue. Marerials and Methods: In this study 45 rats divided in three equall groups. Two groups named tested group and one group as witness group. Test groups were received 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg drug subcutaneously and witness group received distilled water. The 5 micron sections taken from the rat,s ovary were stained by H&E and Trichrom Mason after performing necessary reactions. Results: microscopic study of examples after 14 days injections and a week afterending of injections shows changes includes increase of tunica albuginea, follicularaterasia, destruction of granulosa cells and droping of them into the follicular hole, oocytes destruction, being of macrofages between granulosa and inside of follicular hole, fibrosis of ovary, techa interna and increase in diameter vessels. Concolusion: incoming result with attention to drug function (change inhypothalamus-hypophysis-gonadal axis, cytokines inhibitions and direct effect onfibroblasts)can come from induction or aggravation of apopptosis,fibrosis and increase of ovary vessels resistance.Therfore attention in use of cyclosporine A are proposed inyoung female.

Introduction: To study the teratogenicity of Diazepam intake during pregnancy andits effects on visual system development. Materials and Methods: About 30 virgin rats of known age and weight were used. After pregnancy, they were divided in three groups: 1) control group: 10 rats (injection daily with destiled water). 2) First experimental group: 10 rats (injection daily with destiled water and Diazepam 3 mg\kg\day). 3) second experimental group: 10 rats(injected daily with destiled water and Diazepam 8 mg\kg\day). After embryonic period, the pregnant rats were sacrified and the embryos were divided in to three groups. The embryos were studied macroscopically for anomalies, then the tissue were fixed and processed, stained and examined microscopically. Results: The following factors were evaluated the anomalies of the eyelids, occularcellular layers and cornea cells. The findings confirmed the ratio of normal eye in the control group is 100% and in the experimental groups 1 and 2 were 98.8% and 85% respectively. (Fisher exact test, P<0.001). Conclusions: The statistical results indicate that diazepam intake during pregnancycan lead to some visual system anomalies.

Introduction: More recognition of myelinated nerve fibers of the extreme capsule inhuman brain. Materials and Methods: 10 adult normal human brains (20 hemispheres) from both sexes were studied using 15 am serial sections in all three cardinal planes after fixation and processing. These sections were stained by Klüver - Barrera and Heidenhain- Woelcke methods. Results: Fibers which originated from frontoparietal operculum entered the dorsalborder of the extreme capsule. Most of these fibers placed in lateral part of the extremecapsule terminated in dorsal part of insular gyri. A few of these fibers descended near the claustrum to reach to the temporal operculum, including the auditory area, andsuperior temporal gyrus. some of extreme capsule fibers terminated or originated from the claustrum. Some fibers exchanged between ventral part of superior insular gyrus and dorsal part of inferior temporal gyrus; in fact these fibers connected the adjacent insulargyri. Some of fibers originated from ventral part of superior insular gyrus decended near the claustrum and reached to temporal operculum and superior temporal gyrus. All of fibers came from ventral part of inferior insular gyrus as well as some fibers came from the claustrum reached to temporal operculum and superior temporal gyrus. Uncinateand inferior longitudinal fasciculi passed through the ventral part of extreme capsule. Some fibers interconnected external and extreme capsules through dorsal claustrum. Conclusion: Most of the extreme capsule fibers are association, although some of them are projectional. The associated fibers in the extreme capsule can be divided into three groups: 1) Long and well known association fibers, 2) Short association fibers, and 3) Association fibers which connect frontoparietal operculum with temporaloperculum. The authors believe that the latter group can be called "Intermediateassociation fibers".

Introduction: Numerous evidence indicates the involvement of Insulin and K ATP channel blockers in brain functions such as memory. Materials & Methods: In this study, by applying light (H & E staining) and scanning electron microscopies, we investigated the effect of intrahippocampal injection of insulin, glibenclamide experimental diabetic rats. May these reverse the cellularimpairment, and prevent neural damage in hippocampus. In this study male rats were undergone stereotaxic surgery and cannulation, they subjected to intrahippocampal injection of insulin, glibenclamide, insulin and glybenclamide, vehicle, and saline. Average size of cell bodies and average number of denderitic spines per 10 micrometerwere recorded and analyzed. Resultes: The findings suggest that: (1) Insulin selectively influence pathological mechanisms in hippocampus. (2) Insulin and Glibenclamide protect hippocmpal neuronsagainst damage and preserve synaptic spines. Conculusion: We concluded that in Diabetic rates, insulin, glibenclamide and both have a benefitial effect on preventing damage and loss of hippocampal neurones and synaptic spines.

Introduction: Dopamine is one member of catecholamine, which has a crusial role in the regulation of feeding behavior. The Peripheral injection of dopamine agonistssuch as bromocriptine causes anorexia. The aim of this study is to show how this drugacts. The reason for this selection is due to its importance in the regulation of food intake. Materials & Methods: Sixty three adult male rats (280-320 gw) were used. The rats were divided in to nine groups as follows: control, sham B (injected vehicle of bromocriptine), Br12.5, Br25, Br50 (injected bromocriptin respectively 12.5,25 and g), SBr (injected sulpiride + bromocriptine), ScBr (injected ScH2339 + bromocriptine), ShSBr and ShScBr of which the last two cases are sham respectively. The injection intervals were 24h, which took 7 days. All of them were bilaterally. Food, water intake and weight measured 24 hours after each injection and the following results were obtained. Results: Bromocriptine showed a decrease in food, water intake and weight gain. Sulpiride antagonized the effects of bromocriptine on food, water intake and weight gain. ScH23390 caused no significant changes in bromocriptine effects on food, water intake and weight gain. Conclusion: These results indicate that, the D2 dopamine receptors of VMN have acrusial role in decreasing effects of bromocriptine on feeding behaviors.

Introduction: Iron overload has been implicated as an important factor for nephropathy by hydroxyl radicals production. On the other hand nitric oxide (NO) asa reactive free radical, has numerous effects on kidney. However at high concentration it has been suggested to have toxic effects. In this study the interaction between iron overload and NO system on renal function were evaluated in rats.Materials & Methods: Iron dextran (Fe), L-arginine (L-arg, precursor of NO), and L-NAME (in hibitor of NO production) were used. Serum concentration of creatinine was measured as an index of renal injury. Animals were divided in to five groups as follows: Sham (recieving normal saline intraperitoneally, ip); Fe (600 mg/kg ip); L-arg (400 mg/kg ip in divided doses); Fe+L-arg; and Fe+L-NAME (L-NAME with a dose of 80 mg/kg ip in divided doses). Twenty hours after injections serum concentrations of creatinine were determined.Results: After ANOVA and post test of Newman Keul's, the following results were obtained. Creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in Fe group compared toL-arg and Sham groups (P<0.05). In Fe+L-NAME group the value was significantly higher than Sham and L-arg and Fe+l-arg groups (P<0.01) while in Fe+L-arg group was lower than Fe group. However, it wasn't significantly different from L-arg and Sham groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that a protective role for NO in Fe loaded rat kidney.