Journal of Historical Researches
Year:2009 | Volume:45 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Early Mongols invasion (12222-1258) and the death of Sultan Mohammad Kharazmshah (1220) was end for the political integration of Iran in the framework of Kharazmshahid realm. As a result, in addition to the surviving governments from the Saljukid era, some of the princes and generals of the Kharazmshahid administration also established land ownerships in local realms in Iran's vast geography. Kerman Qarkhataeids is an example of these local realms which was established after the Kharazmshahid dynasty collapsed. Early Fatrat of the Mongol period in Iran which starts from the ending of the early invasion of Mongols and was finalized by Holaku's attack and the formation of Ilkhanid government, a period of crisis and strait, which the local governments came through with difficulty. Undoubtedly, balancing relations among the survivors of the Kharazmshahid dynasty, the Abbasid Caliphate and ways of standing up against the increasing threat of the Mongols, entered Iran's local governments in a complicated state in which addition to its practical aspect which helped maintain its existence and pass through this period of crisis also in the theoretical aspect according to the exceptance of local governments in Iran according to the frame work of the saltanat theory and Islamic Caliphate is also ponderable. According to these facts this text by descriptive and interpretive method based on library sources with such means tries to analyze the local governments of Kerman Qarakhaitieds as important example of local governments in the Mongolian era.

The fundamental basis of this research is based on the results of appropriate answer to the following questions: What kind o f backgrounds and agents caused the Qalandar’s Riot? What was its purpose? What was its intellectual and social end? What was the process of its upheaval? And how and why did such riot happen and what were the consequences of this riot? This riot happened during the sovereign of Shah Mohammad Khodabande Safavi (1577-1586) in Kouhgilouye province and the affected his monarchy for several years. It was partly due to socio - economical restlessness and political crisis involving the Safavid government; the unstable situation contributed to the inflections of a vast group of Tajik people who were living in the area and were fed up with the ruling of Afsharid Qezelbash. Qalandar became a center of attention. He made lots of promises such as guarantee of development of their territory and conquering the world, and through the claim of Esmail Mirza to erect a new kingdom by promising to promote them to prominent political positions and assuring to enjoy better life styles. As a result of such promises he could raise the folk against the central government and its advocates. This paper will fully scrutinized the major causes of the riot of Qalandar in the Kouhgilouye, the back grounds leading to its intellectual, social bases as well as the process of its upheavals, the reasons that why people attended to this riot and responded to Qalandar’s invitation, and finally the factors contributing to its deficiencies and the outcomes of it.

The study of the Bazaar's condition and its influence on urban economy because of the vital role of merchants in economic structure is of great importance. This leads us to a clear understanding about the quality of life in Ilkhanid's period. The merchants in this era had been good in considering political and economic facts regarding historical data. In addition to commercial activities, they where the source of any influence in political and social affairs. Contrary to what we think about Mongolian governing, the rise at Ilkhanid dynasty in the middle 13th century A.H brought proportional security to Iran, and caused improvement of the urban economy in a vast region. The rise of trade balance and the emergence of a new cast in society in this era it is witnessed that under the shadow of this security, economy had expanded.