JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:3 (43) |Papers Count:11

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and factorial structure of the Persian version of Social Phobia Scale (SPS). Method: The study sample consisted of 276 students of Shahed University (141 males & 135 females), selected by an available sampling method. To collect data, a forward/backward translations of the Scale provided, and the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) were used to examine the convergent and divergent validity respectively. The data were analyze applying a Pearson’ s correlation method. Also, to evaluate the differential validity, mean differences between two groups of patients and normal individuals was measures by an independent sample t-test analysis. Results: The findings of factor analysis suggested this scale as a unifactorial tool in the Iranian sample as well. Test-retest reliability was 0/88 and internal consistency of the scale was 0/91 using Cronbach's alpha. The correlation between the two half-tests was 0/80. Also, the correlation with Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) were 0/68 and 0/22, respectively. Also, in comparison with clinical and non-clinical groups, independent t-test was shown two groups were significantly different in social phobia scales. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) proved approperiate reliablity and validity which can be use in Iranian society as a useful and validated tool for research in the clinical field.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to prediction suicidal thoughts based on the five-factor personality traits with the mediatory of defense mechanisms. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens living in Karaj in the winter of 2018, among whom using two-step random and voluntary sampling suggestion 550 people were selected. The study tools included NEO Five-Factor Inventory Defense Style Questionnaire-40 Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (1979). For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used. Results: In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between neuroticism trait with suicidal thoughts was positive and significant at the 0/01 level (β =0/104, P=0/001). Also, the indirect path coefficient between conscientiousness trait with suicidal thoughts was negative and significant (P=0/001). Conclusion: Affects like shame and guilt feelings that arise from unconscious conflicts and self-blame in neuroticism personalities and the inability to delay the satisfaction of the person's wishes and impulses in those who lack a high level of conscientiousness can lead to relying on different defense mechanisms and avoid unpleasant internal emotions and engage in suicidal thoughts. It is suggested to authorities, clinicians, and therapists arrange general education that targets those types of defense mechanisms in target individuals who when violated, have suicidal thoughts.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on experiential avoidance, cognitive emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its comparison with exposure and prevention response therapy. Method: The present study is a pre-test and post-test semi experimental design. The study population in this study was all obsessive compulsive patients referring to Qazvin psychological services centers in 2018. 40 patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 20 (the first group was treated with transdiagnostic treatment and the second group was treated with ERP). In this study, variables such as age and sex were controlled. The tools used in the present study were Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsory Inventory (YBOCS), Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire (OBQ), Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance qquestionnaire (MEAQ (and cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed by covariance analysis and paired t-test. Results: The results showed that transdiagnostic treatment significantly decreased experiential avoidance and also improved, cognitive emotion regulation, in patients with OCD (p<0/001). On the other hand, the effectiveness of transdiagnostic therapy on these variables (except obsessive thoughts) was different in ERP patients (p<0/05) and transdiagnostic treatment in reducing and experiential avoidance and improvement in, cognitive emotion regulation, are more effective than ERP treatment. Conclusion: The results of the present study were discussed with regard to the studies conducted in this field and the content of the transdiagnostic treatment protocol and ERP treatment.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is associated with several physical and psychological complications. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in the meaning of life, emotional distress tolerance and pain self-efficacy among patients with multiple sclerosis. Method: The present research was carried out using a pretest-posttest control group design. Out of Multiple Sclerosis Association members in Quchan County in 2019, 20 subjects were chosen through available sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment group therapy whereas the control group attended the regular meetings held by the MS Society. Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Distress Tolerance Scale and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were applied in the pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results demonstrated that the experimental group subjects compared to the control group participants significantly improved in the variables of the meaning in life and its components (Meaning in life and Search for Meaning in life), emotional distress tolerance (tolerance, absorb, appraisal & regulation) and its subscales and pain self-efficacy (P<0/05). Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy results in a significant improvement in the meaning in life, emotional distress tolerance and pain self-efficacy in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Today, interventions to create a high psychological well-being in the age old have been prioritized for reasons such as decreasing physical capacity and the loss of social and occupational bases in the old age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of four-dimensional physical-psychological interventions (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou method, compositional memorization, role playing, and combination method on the promotion of positive components of psychological well-being and functional health among age people old). Method: The sample consisted of 75 women aged 60-75 years old in Isfahan who were assigned to 5 groups of 15 (4 experimental and 1 control group) and received relevant interventions. The positive components of psychological well-being, including social interaction, life satisfaction, life expectancy, happiness and functional health in pre-test, post-test and follow-up were measured by standard or researcher-made tests. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main effect for all groups in all variables was significant (P= 0/001). Also, for the social interaction variable, the effect of Alexander's therapeutic approach, and for other research variables, is the effect of all three therapies (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou, and memory retrieval) more than other methods. Conclusion: In order to increase psychological well-being in aging and to improve social interaction, life expectancy, happiness, life satisfaction and functional health, in this period, the use of psychosocial interventions in this research, namely, Alexander technique, dohsa-hou and memory retrieval, is recommended.

Introduction: Considering to the presence of affective swings and stress in the lives of married couples facing divorce, the aim of present study was to investigate effectiveness of the Emotional Safety Model instruction on the positive and negative affects and marital stress of Bushehr’ s couples on the brink of divorce. Method: The research method was quasi experimental. Population consisted all couples referred to courts in Bushehr for divorce, that the 50 participants selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control(n=25). Data collected by Stockholm Marital Stress Scale – Tehran and Positive and Negative Affect Scale and analyzed by a MANCOVA analysis. Results: Instructional strategy of Emotional Freedom was effective to decrease the negative effects, as well as, marital stress (p<0/01) in the couples of experimental group, whereas no significant effect found for positive affect. Conclusion: In general, emotional safety training could decrease the marital stresses and negative affect in couples with marital problems. Hence, consultants and psychologists are recommended to use this model to reduce problems of couples involved in emotional and stress problems.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to examine the cognitive performance in schizophrenic and obsessive-compulsive patients based on WAIS-R and to compare them in verbal and practical intelligence of the test. Method: An expose-facto design was applied in which 24 subjects (12 from each group) were selected with convenience sampling method in 2018 in two cities of Arak and Khomein. The participants of both group were assessed using WAIS-R. The data was analyzed by one smple t-test and MANOVA statistical analysis. Results: Results were shown significantly difference for verbal and none-verbal intelligence in obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenia patients regarding the criteria of M=100 and m=10 for every subscales. Significantly lower means were also observed for schizophrenia patients rather than OCD patients. Conclusion: These results indicated lower than normal vebal and none-verbal intelligence in both groups and cognitive performance for patients with schizophrenia compared to the OCD patients was lower as well. The observed differences were more robust in practical subscales than verbal. These results are generalizable to Behzisti patients.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to introduce the theoretical bases and stages of the development and effectiveness of Sweet Foods Specific-Inhibitory Control Training. This training was first designed as a mobile app to reduce the sweet foods choice and intake among children. Method: A single subject study with A-B-A design was used. Three primary school children with extreme obesity were selected by purposeful sampling. Measurement were performed using Food Craving Questionnaire-Reduced, Bogus Taste Test and Food Intake Test. Then, the intervention sessions were conducted in 7 sessions of individual training and follow-up was completed two months later. Visual analysis of graphs, trend index, stability, percentage of non-overlapping and overlapping data and effect size were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that inhibition control training through this mobile application not only reduced the children's craving for sweet foods (d= 1/16), but also reduced the sweet food choice (d= 1/48) and sweet food intake (d= 1/48). Conclusion: The results confirm effectiveness of this application as a low-cost, short-term preventive and therapeutic tool for reducing craving, sweet food choice and intake among children.

Introduction: Depressed women experience more mental distress and negative emotions than normal women and their lives changes more radically. The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of enhancement-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and classical cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and quality of life in depressed women. Method: In a randomized control trial design among population of all reffered depressed women to Sanandaj counseling centers in year 2017 a total sample of 40 women were selected and randomly divided to three groups of: 1-enhancement-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, 2-classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and 3-control. In all three groups Beck Depression Scale and Quality of Life Questionnaire were administered and data were analyzed using a multivariate covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that both classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and enrichment-based cognitive-behavioral therapy were effective in reducing depression and enhancing quality of life of depressed women; However better therapeutic effects were evident for enrichment-based therapy on quality of lifes of depressed women. Conclusion: Classical and enrichment-based cognitive-behavioral therapies could reduce depression and improve quality of life in depressed women.