Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science
Year:2011 | Volume:42 | Issue:3|Papers Count:26

In order to study genetic diversity of Aegilops tauschii populations, 188 populations of National Plant Gene Bank collection of Iran were evaluated for morphological traits according to IPGRI descriptors in Research Station of National Plant Gene Bank. Moreover, 100 out of 188 populations were evaluated in Research Station of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute for resistance to yellow rust, Pathotype 134E134A+. According to their origins, populations were grouped in two clusters and this analysis separated populations in two centers of diversity and margin of diversity groups. All populations were separated in two subspecies, Tauschii and Strangulata, based on two first factors. Factor analysis could not grouped all populations based on geographic distribution. Coefficient of variance and Shnon-Weaver were calculated and the highest value for Shanon-Weaver index was determined in glum color and the highest value for C.V was determined in seed number per spike and plant height. Using discriminant analysis, Ae. tauschii accessions were allocated in two subspecies, namely, Tauschii and Strangulata. The results of yellow rust resistance evaluation showed that 76% of populations were resistant at seedling stage.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Nano silver colloid as a new antimicrobial agent against Erwinia in tissue culture of sugar beet for the recovery of the contaminated doubled haploid plantlets. The Nano silver colloidal solution of 4000 ppm was diluted in different concentrations (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm) and was added to the solid MS medium. In a factorial experiment, sample pre-washing (before subculture) with Nano silver solution to one–half of the plantlets was used. There were 10 treatment combinations replicated 5 times each. Number of the recovered plantlets and new shoots after 30 days were analyzed by means of analysis of variance technique based on a completely randomized design. Both factors were found to be significant. Results showed that Nano silver's behavior was different in liquid versus solid medium and affected by medium formulation. It was also indicated that the Nano silver did not remove completely bacteria from plantlets, even in as high as 120 ppm concentration, but drastically prevented bacterial growth and multiplication. A linear increase parallel to the Nano silver concentration occurred in the rate of recovery of the contaminated doubled haploid plantlets. Plantlets decay process was stopped in 125 ppm Nano silver concentration and effective recovery of them in in vitro condition occurred in the rate of 100%. Based on the results, it seems that the effectiveness of Nano silver on plantlet recovery is not just due to its antibacterial property, so its effect on the medium properties and biochemical processes need to be studied.

This research was conducted in order to evaluate genetic diversity, and screening the tolerant genotypes of sugar beet subjected to continuous and severe water stress in the experimental farm of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) in Karaj in 2008. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 replications. Fifteen O-Types which were tolerant to drought plus 5 (check) genotypes were evaluated. Permanent and severe drought stress started by stop of irrigation after plant establishment continued to the end of growth season. The soil water suction reached to about 4 MPa in the horizon of 0-30 cm at the end of growth period. The results of ANOVA showed that the effect of genotypes on the root yield, shoot dry weight, total dry weight, root dry weight, root dry weight/ shoot dry weight ratio, sugar yield, achievable sugar yield, sugar percentage, harmful nitrogen and sugar percentage were significant (P<0.01). Genetic diversity among the new surveyed genotypes showed drought tolerance of sugar beet genotypes. The results confirmed that under the situation of permanent and severe water stress the genotypes of G8 (O-Type 7617) and G4 (O-Type 9590) were distinguished as tolerant O-Types and may be used in the breeding program for drought stress species. In the correlation analysis, white sugar yield with total dry weight and root dry weight showed the most positive correlation coefficients. Step wise liner regression analysis was carried out, showing sugar yield, white sugar content, sugar content and root yield, as independent variables, had significant effects on white sugar yield. With respect to yield and its components, the latter 4-mentioned characteristics showed high correlation among each other. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that five components accounted for 82.08% of total variations. The UPGMA phonogram constructed on the basis of morphological data distance shows four clusters.

Continual heat stress affects approximately 7 million hectares of wheat in developing countries, while terminal heat stress is a problem in 40% of temperate environments, which cover 36 million hectares throughout the world. Heat tolerance is a quantitative and complex trait that doesn’t have much success in direct selection. For this purpose, however, a thorough understanding of physiological responses of plants to high temperature, mechanisms of heat tolerance and identification of screening indices for development of heat-tolerant genotypes is imperative. To assess heat tolerance indices in wheat, 144 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of Kauz (heat tolerant) and MTRWA116 (susceptible) together with some commercial cultivars were evaluated during 2006–2007, 2007–2008. The experiments were carried out through a rectangle lattice design (12×13) with two replications in Research Field of college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran. Genotypes were planted under normal and heat stress (late sowing) conditions. Plant height, peduncle length, head length, spiklets per spike, kernels per spike, grain filling duration, 1000 kernels weight and grain yield were measured. Eight stress tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), yield index (YI), and superiority measure (P) were calculated based on grain yield and some of yield related traits under normal and heat-stressed conditions. YI, GMP and STI showed the highest correlation with yield under heat stressed condition by 1, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. GMP, STI, P, and MP had high correlation with yield under both normal and stress conditions on the same direction. Correlations between indices based on grain filling duration and peduncle length had the same direction with yield showing importance and effectiveness of these two traits and their indices for detection and screening of high yielding and thermotolerant genotypes under normal and stress conditions.

Allelopathy is one of the valuable tools in weed management that recently is considered in sustainable agriculture and reduces herbicide rate challenges. In order to study the allelopathic effects of rye (Secale cereal L.) on six weed spices seeds including Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Gaertn, Wimmer ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin), Lesser canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.), Charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), Little hogweed (Portulaca oleracea L.) and Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) a study was carried out as a factorial experiment in a complete randomized design in Weed Library Research, University of Tehran, in 2008. Different weed seeds treated with two kind of rye aqueous extracts (shoots and roots) in six different concentration (zero, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100). Germination rate, radicle and shoot growth, and seedling weight were evaluated. Results showed that low concentrations of aqueous rye extracts had inducing effect and led to increase in measured weed properties compared with control (distillated water). While high concentrations of aqueous rye extracts had negative effect on studied traits and also the effect of root extracts were higher than shoot extracts. Shoot aqueous extracts of rye in comparison with root extracts showed more negative effects in all studied traits because they probably have more inhibitors.

This study was conducted in 2008 at the research field of University of Tehran, Karaj. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were: atrazine 1kg/ha, alachlor 4kg/ha, atrazine+alachlor (1+4) kg/ha, nicosulfuron 80 g ai/ha, furamsulfuron 45g ai/ha, rimsulfuron 25g ai/ha, nicosulfuron+furamsulfuron (80+45) g ai/ha, nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron (80+25) g ai/ha, furamsulfuron+rimsulfuron (45+25) g ai/ha, weedy and weed checks as controls. Results showed that at 15 and 30 days after treatment, maximum reduction in weed density was observed with atrazine+alachlor, atrazine and alachlor and maximum reduction in weed biomass was observed with atrazine+alachlor and nicosulfuron. The effect of plant pattern was significant on density and biomass of weeds in 30 days after treatment.

In this research, allele frequency and polymorphism of 27 microsatellite markers linked to gene loci controlling grain quality were determined between 47 rice varieties from four different groups including 21 Iranian local, 16 improved, 7 IRRI and 3 upland rice varieties. Average number of polymorphic information content (PIC) and Shannon’s diversity index were 0.54 and 1.14, respectively. Maximum number of polymorphic alleles, PIC and Shannon’s diversity index were observed in RM276 (on chromosome 6). Calculated allele frequencies were significantly different between four different studied groups in all studied markers. The allele frequency was not correlated to allele size values. Cluster analysis with UPGMA method based on simple matching coefficient divided the studied cultivars into four groups and separated cultivars with same quality and genetic similarity from others. In conclusion, the result of this research showed that there was high genetic diversity between all studied genotypes especially between landrace rice genotypes for microsatellite regions, so this diversity can use to improved grain quality characteristics especially in high yielded rice lines. Furthermore, microsatellite markers linked to gene loci controlling rice grain quality could distinguish genotypes with high grain quality from others, therefore, using these markers especially markers which were more informative recommended for marker-assisted selection (MAS).

In order to study the effects of soil and foliar application of Fe-EDDHA on some biochemical and physiological traits in safflower under two irrigation regimes an experiment was conducted in 2008 growing season in Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University. The experimental design was a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. Mainplots consisted of two levels of irrigation included full irrigation (irrigation to reach 50% soil moisture depletion of field capacity), and withholding irrigation in flowering stage (irrigation to reach 75% soil moisture depletion of field capacity). Eight Fe levels of Fe-EDDHA (Sequestrene 138) including four levels as soil application (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and four levels as foliar application (foliar application of water, 1, 2 and 3 g l-1) were used in sub-plot unit on spring cultivar of safflower (IL111). In this research, traits consisted of leaf soluble proteins, proline accumulation, MDA, soluble sugars (glucose, xylose and mannose), and RWC. The results showed that the highest levels of leaf soluble proteins, glucose, xylose and mannose were detected under non-stress condition with soil application of Fe-EDDHA. While amount of proline and glucose increased with foliar application of Fe-EDDHA and xylose, mannose and RWC with soil application of Fe-EDDHA under stress condition. The highest amount of leaf soluble proteins obtained with soil application (150 kg ha-1) and foliar application (3 g l-1) of Fe-EDDHA under stress condition. MDA decreased significantly with soil application of Fe-EDDHA under stress condition. The results showed that application of Fe-EDDHA could increase drought tolerance in safflower genotype (IL 111).

To evaluate the effect of environment on the general and specific combining ability of Virginia tobacco genotypes, five varieties were intercrossed in combination in 2007 in a Half – diallel design. In 2008, the ten F1 population and the five parental lines were sown in two different conditions (drought stress and non-stress) using a complete randomized block design with three replications and two locations (Tirtash and Rasht Tobacco Research Center). The studied traits were: leaf length, leaf width, leaf numbers per plant, leaf area index, plant height and dry leaf yield. Dialle analysis in all environments revealed interactions of GCA×E for most traits, emphasizing the importance of calculation of effects for each environment separately. SCA×E was highly significant for all traits except for the chlorophyll content and leaf area index, indicating that the specific hybrids weren’t stable across the environments. The significant interactions indicated that the magnitude of differences among GCA and SCA effects of genotypes changed with environment. In general, the GCA/SCA ratio over all environments was significant for all quantitative traits except for leaf length, indicating the predominant role of additive genetic effects in the inheritance of most traits. The cultivars NC89 and k394 were the best general combiners, while NC89×k394, VE1×Coker254, Coker347×Coker254 were the best specific combinations for dry leaf yield over all investigated environment.

Barley belongs to the Poaceae which is the largest monocotyledon family. Plastid single-copy gene acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is the first step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and therefore, it is used to study the phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary and systematic of grasses. In this study, for the first time, phylogenetic relationship of eight species of Hordeum genus from Iran including: H. murinum, H. marinum, H. brevisubulatum, H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum, H. vulgare ssp. distichon, H. vulgare ssp. tworow, H. vulgare ssp. Hexastichon, H. bulbosom were investigated using gene-specific primers acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1). By using various bioinformatics tools the number of exons and introns in the species and their sequences were calculated. Three phylogenetic trees were obtained using exons, introns and whole sequence. Phylogenetic tree of the whole sequence of the ACC gene divided Iranian species of Hordeum in two main groups, which was very similar with the phylogenetic tree obtained by exon sequences. H. spontaneum, H. distich on, H. two row, H. hexastichon were clustered in the same subgroups in all three phylogenetic trees. Moreover, H. bulbosom, H. brevisubulatum, H. murinum were grouped together. Since ACC1 gene is a valuable source for phylogenetic analysis in the Triticeae tribe, the results of this study can find reasonable and important taxonomy relationships among Hordeum species from Iran.

To study the including rhizobium treatment (strain numbers of 133, 116 & combination of them) along with 100% nitrogen fertilizer application and a check (no inoculation & no fertilizer) on certain agronomical and physiological traits of three common bean cultivars (viz. Bahman, Darkhshan & Sayiad) a field experiment was performed at research station of University of Tehran (Karaj-Iran) in 2010, using a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The characteristics such as seed yield, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed protein percentage, chlorophyll a & b and leaf protein were measured. Inoculating rhizobium strain 116 produced the highest bean grain yield (44.9 g/Pl.). Bahman cv. with inoculating rhizobium strains of 133+116 gave the highest pods per plant (57.9 pods/pl.). Sayiad cv. with check (no inoculation) and inoculating rhizobium strains of 116 produced the highest seed protein percentage of 28.07 & 28.05% as compared to other treatments, respectively. Considering the significant interaction effect of bean cultivars and rhizobium treatment for all the characteristics, the mean comparison was used to determine the best treatment combinations. Overall, the combination of Sayiad cultivar with rhizobium strain of 116 showed the highest seed yield and traits, which could be as the best combination treatment for replacement of nitrogen fertilizer. A good key for presentation of plant performance in fixing nitrogen would be leaf protein content, for which the treatments with higher chlorophyll content had the best possible growth condition. The bean Darakhsan cv. treated with rhizobium strain of 116 produced the highest leaf protein (27.68%) as compared to other fertilizing treatments; similarly produced the highest chlorophyll content as it was treated with rhizobium strain of 133.

Safflower oil seed has high adaptability to different kinds of abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress at different phenological stages on relative water content (RWC), leaf canopy temperature, seed yield and its components in spring types of safflower. The study was carried out in East Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, (46? and 2? E, 37? and 58? N) during 2007. A factorial experiment including 4 irrigation levels (non- stressed and drought stressed during stem elongation, flowering and seed filling stages) and 2 safflower genotypes (Local Arak-2811 and Local Esfahan) based on a complete randomized block design with 3 replications was used. The results indicated that RWC, plant height, capitulum height, capitulum diameter, capitula per plant, seeds per capitulum, 1000 seeds weight and seed and oil yields were significantly decreased and leaf canopy temperature was significantly increased by imposing water deficit during different phenological stages. Drought stress at flowering and seed filling stages, led to the highest decrease in seed and oil yields. Therefore, it is necessary to provide enough water to get acceptable yield at these stages. Between studied genotypes significant differences were detected in RWC, capitula per plant, seeds per capitulum, seed oil percent, seed and oil yields. Local Esfahan in comparison with Local Arak-2811 had higher values in stressed and non-stressed conditions. Among seed yield with capitula per plant, seeds per capitulum, capitulum diameter, 1000 seeds weight and harvest index, positive and significant correlations were observed. Also between RWC and leaf canopy temperature with each other and with seed and oil yields significant correlations were achieved. It seems that RWC and leaf canopy temperature can be used to evaluate water deficit effects on spring types of safflower.

In order to study the effect of salinity stress and nitrogen forms on nitrogen remobilization from root to shoot following defoliation and shoot dry matter production, a research in the form of factorial experiment based on randomized block, was designed in three replications. Treatments include: 1) nitrogen forms containing a) biological N fixation (N1), b) 6mM NH4NO3 (N2), c) biological N fixation+, 6mM NH4NO3 (N3), 2) salinity in two levels containing 1/1 ds/m (S0) and 12 ds/m (S1) and 3) two Iranian alfalfa cultivars (Bami and Gharehyonjeh). Salinity stress decreased nitrogen availability in root and shoot, nitrogen remobilization and shoot dry matter. Percentage of this reduction in Ghareyonjeh cultivar was higher than Bami cultivar. According to positive correlation between nitrogen remobilization to shoot following defoliation and shoot dry matter production (r=0.86), it was hypothesized that the effect of salinity on reduction of alfalfa shoot regrowth resulted from reduction in nitrogen remobilization. The highest nitrogen remobilization was related to N2 and N3 treatments although the percent of remobilization in N1 treatment was higher. Due to salinity, amount of nitrogen remobilization decreased in all nitrogen forms but percentage of this reduction was higher in N2 and N3 treatments. Percentage of increase in sodium content due to salinity in N2 and N3 treatments was higher than N1. According to appositive correlation between root sodium content and nitrogen remobilization (r=-0.83), it is possible that greater decrease in nitrogen remobilization and shoot dry matter production following defoliation in N2 and N3 treatments resulted from greater increase in sodium content in these treatments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype effect on nitrogen remobilization and its relationship with yield and grain protein concentration in genotypes of wheat during grain filling. Twelve wheat cultivars different in origin and varying with grain yield and grain protein percentage were selected. A randomized complete block design was used. Plants were harvested at anthesis and maturity and divided into leaf, culm, chaff and grain. Compared with different organs, the leaf had the highest nitrogen content at an thesis indicating that leaf is a major nitrogen source for grain development. Cultivars had significant differences in term of N remobilization. Among cultivars, the highest N remobilization was recorded for Karkheh and Zarin. Our experiment showed that the nitrogen remobilization efficiency varied from 86.31 for Karkheh to 59.47 for Karaj1.The highest grain yield across the cultivars was observed for Pishtaz and the lowest for Azar2, whereas Azae2 had the highest protein percentage. The negative correlation between grain N concentration and grain yield was found, suggesting that genotypes exhibiting both high yield and high grain N concentration might be selected. Supporting the agreement above are, for instance, cultivars Falat and Chamran that were high in grain yield, grain N concentration and N remobilization efficiency.

To evaluate the effects of PGPR foliar spraying on forage and grain yield of forage sorghum (var. Speed feed), a farm experiment was conducted in Research Farm of College of Agriculture, University of Tehran in 2009. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete blocks consisting of 17 treatments in every block. In this research, the effect of foliar application of 16 different strains of PGPR including Pseudomonas putida and pseudomonas fluorescents in three growth stages (3-leaf stage, 8-leaf stage and commencement of ear) were compared to control. The results showed that bacterial foliar application treatments significantly promoted growth and development of plants (forage yield, plant height, leaf area and grain yield) compared to control. According to the results of this experiment P. putida strain 11 increased forage yield of sorghum up to 32%. These bacteria could produce the highest leaf area amoung other treatments. In the other hand, P. putida strain 10 had a destructive effect on forage growth and caused a 10 % decrement in forage yield compared to control. However, these bacteria could produce the highest stem height, grain yield and harvest index among the other treatments. The results of this experiment showed that foliar application of PGPR (especially P. putida strain 11) have a high potential to promote plant growth and yield of forage sorghum var. Speed feed.

In order to investigate of the effects of water stress on seed yield and gas exchange and to evaluate the relationship between source and sink in sunflower Azargol variety, a split-plot factorial field experiment was conducted in 2008. In this experiment, water stress (no irrigation from 30 days after sowing till ripening) and irrigation (irrigation at -3 bar soil water potential) were considered as main factors and leave removal at five levels (0% as control, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% defoliation) as sub factors in flowering period (R5) and end of seed setting (R7). For sink limitation, after pollination, one half of seeds in the head were removed. The results showed that defoliation and drought stress reduced grain yield through biomass, number of filled seed and harvest index reduction. Drought stress showed no significant effects on seed oil content, while decreased protein content. Results indicated that water stress decreased photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and increased water use efficiency, but defoliation increased photosynthesis rate. However it can be concluded that at water stress conditions, both source and sink restricted grain yield whereas at irrigation conditions, the sink limitation determined final grain yield. The reduction of seed oil and increasing source limitation under drought stress conditions showed that use of varieties with lower source limitation associated with increased seed oil content. Under irrigated conditions, varieties with high number of grains per head can eliminate sink limitation and lead to improved grain yield.

In this study, genetic diversity of 30 accessions of the Fennel from different cities of Iran and other Asian and European countries were assessed by using 20 selective AFLP primers. Totally, from 1127 observed bands, 250 bands were polymorph. E11-M20 primer with 20 bands, also E46-M35 and ETG-M20 primers with 8 bands indicated the maximum and minimum numbers of polymorphism, respectively. According to these markers, similarity among the genotypes was 60%. The most genetic similarity was 0.97, found between two genotypes from Hungary. In Iranian genotypes, genetic similarity was 0.89 which was found between Karaj and Kashan genotypes. One genotype from Tabriz with a genetic diversity of 40% exhibited the most scope of diversity in comparison with other genotypes. The results from cluster analysis to some extent showed a relationship between molecular diversity and geographic diversity, in a way that the genotypes gathered from regions close to one another were in some cases placed in the same groups or subgroups. On the other hand, some of the genotypes placed in the same subgroups, were from different geographic regions, which could also be a reason for similarity of regional conditions or physical interchange of elements in these regions. The results of this study showed that AFLP markers are proper tools for assessing genetic diversity of Fennel accessions.

In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of potassium and nitrogen on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield of rapeseed (Hyola 401), a field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in a factorial experiment based on a complete randomized block design with 3 replications for two years (2008-2010). The first factor was pure potassium fertilizer in three levels (40, 60 and 80 kg.ha-1) from sulfate potassium source and the second factor was pure nitrogen fertilizer rates in four levels (zero, 180, 240 and 300 kg.ha-1) from urea source. In this experiment, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), oil content, grain and oil yields were studied. The results of the combined analysis of variance showed significant differences between potassium and nitrogen fertilizers rates for NUE, NAE, grain and oil yield and oil content. Application of 60 and 80 kg.ha-1 of potassium produced maximum NUE with average of (10.39 and 10.20 kg. ha-1 respectively), NAE (6.92 and 6.73 kg. ha-1, respectively) and grain yield (2699 and 2641 kg.ha-1, respectively) and were not significant. Among nitrogen fertilizers, application of 180 and 240 kg.ha-1 produced maximum NAE with average of 8.92 and 9.07 kg. ha-1, respectively. Maximum oil content was observed for application of 40 kg.ha-1 potassium (42.17%). Based on the results of present experiment, it seems that application of 60 kg. ha-1 potassium and nitrogen rate of 240 kg. ha-1 provide fertilizer requirement and increase the yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of rapseed.

Responses of plants to salinity stress and development of salt tolerance are extremely complex and various mechanisms appear to be involved. We employed a proteomic approach to study the mechanism of plant responses to salinity in a sensitive cultivar of barley (527 line). Three-week-old seedlings were treated with 300 mM NaCl for 3 weeks. Total proteins of fourth leaf were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 377 protein spots were reproducibly detected, including 55 that were up-regulated and 69 down-regulated. Using MALDI-TOF-TOF MS, 25 proteins involved in many cellular functions were identified. These proteins were; oxygen-evolving enhancer protein, methionine sulfoxide reductase, chloroplast RNA-binding proteins, chloroplast-localized cyclophilin, rubisco, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, Nascent polypeptide associated complex alpha, thioredoxin, dehydroascorbate reductase, oxalate oxidase-like protein or germin-like protein, profilin, universal stress proteins and ribosomal protein.

Production of high rapeseed yield is important in rapeseed breeding programs. With regards to the importance of estimation of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), additive and dominance genetic variances, gene action, heterosis and heritability, an experiment was carried out in a 9×9 diallel design. Nine parents with 36 crosses were studied in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Station during 2006-2007. For the analysis of data Griffing method 2 and Hayman’s graphical analysis method were used. Diallel analysis showed both additive and dominant type of gene action in the inheritance of the studied traits. The Licord line and Kiristina × Pastill hybrid revealed maximum rate of general combining ability and specific combining ability for grain yield, respectively. The involvement of additive gene action in the inheritance of cellular membrane stability exhibited the effectiveness of selection for the improvement of this trait. Since chlorophyll content is controlled by dominant gene action, methods based on hybridization are effective for the improvement of this trait. Finally, additive and dominant effects were involved in the genetics of seed yield, thousand kernel weight, seed per pod, pod per plant, pod length, days to maturity, days to flowering; plant height, sub-branches and chlorophyll content, therefore, methods based on hybridization and selection in segregating population are suggested for their assessment. Graphical analysis of the characters, displayed over dominance for seed yield, thousand kernel weight, plant height, sub-branches and chlorophyll content, while partial dominance was observed for other traits. Calculation of the average degree of dominance for all traits except days to maturity, days to flowering and pod length also indicated dominant effect for control of these traits, thereby to increase and improve these traits by the phenomenon of heterosis. Distribution of parents around the regression line indicated that the parents such as Parade, Pastill, Kvintell and Modena for most traits had the dominant genes more than other varieties, while Option-500 had the recessive genes for most of these traits. Parents with recessive alleles should not cross with individuals with much lower traits.