Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
Year:2019 | Volume:24 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:12

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion-focused therapy on emotional regulation styles and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Methods The present study has a quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test and control group withfollow-up. The statistical population included all women with OCD referring to clinics and counseling centersof Ahvaz City, Iran. In order to select the eligible samples, 30 women were recruited from the patients referred to the treatment centers by convenience sampling method, but some of them were excluded due to discontinuation of treatment sessions. Finally, a sample of 24 patients were evaluated in experimental group (12subjects) and control group (12 subjects). To collect data, we used the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scaleand affective styles questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis in SPSS V. 22. Results Multivariate ANOVA test results showed that there was significant difference between test and study groups in terms of concealing style (P≥ 0. 01, F=7. 70) and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P≥ 0. 001, F=20. 48) after intervention. Moreover, between female patients in both group, a significant difference was found with respect to concealing style (P≥ 0. 05, F=2. 60) and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms(P≥ 0. 001, F=29. 99) during follow-up period. Conclusion Based on the results, emotion-focused therapy is an effective treatment to reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with OCD.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy(MBCT) on ruminative thoughts, perceived stress and difficulties in emotion regulation of women with type 2 diabetes. Methods This quasi-experimental study was carried out using pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a one-step follow-up. Out of all patients with type 2 diabetes and members of the PublicSports Organization of North Khorasan Province, Iran in 2016, 30 individuals were selected via convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Patients of the experimental group participated in eight 120-minute sessions once per week of MBCT. The study data were obtained by using ruminative responses scale, perceived stress scale and difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Results Results of analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that MBCT leads to significantdecrease in ruminative thoughts (P≥ 0. 01) and difficulties in emotion regulation expect for the knowledgesubscale (P≥ 0. 01) in the follow up and in perceived stress (P≥ 0. 01) in post-test. Conclusion Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy decreases the ruminative thoughts, difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress in women with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives Recent evidence suggests the effective role of physiological, cognitive and emotional factorsin the quality of couple relationships. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship betweenmorningness-eveningness personality, Cognitive Flexibility (CF) and Cognitive Rmotion Regulation (CER)with marital satisfaction in middle-aged women. Methods The research method was correlational. Statistical population included all middle-aged marriedwomen (40-60 years old) living in Mashhad City, Iran. District 1 was randomly selected as the samplearea and 211 women in this district were selected using systematic sampling method. Each participantcompleted Enrich marital satisfaction scale, cognitive flexibility inventory, morningness-eveningnessquestionnaire and short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The obtained data wereanalyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Results Multivariate regression results indicated that alternatives option perception, control perceptionand total score of cognitive flexibility positively predicts marital satisfaction (P<0. 001). Furthermore, therole of a morningness-eveningness personality in predicting marital satisfaction was significant in a waythat high scores in morningness matched with high scores in marital satisfaction (P<0. 001). The resultsalso indicated that self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and blame of others negatively (P<0. 001), acceptance and perspective-taking positively predict marital satisfaction (P<0. 05). Conclusion The findings of this study, while expanding the literature of the research, highlight the physiological, cognitive and emotional characteristics of marital satisfaction in enrichment programs and premaritalcounseling.

Objectives Generalized anxiety disorder and depression, one of the common problems in childhood andadulthood is associated with many problems in the field of health. This study aimed to investigate themediating role of rumination in the relationship among Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) and symptoms ofdepression and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods In this descriptive correlational study, a sample of 250 students from Iran University of MedicalSciences were selected using cluster sampling method. The participants responded to intolerance ofuncertainty scale and rumination scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire Inventory-revised(GAD-Q-IV), and Beck depression inventory. The obtained data were analyzed using Structural EquationModeling (SEM). For statistical analysis, SPSS V. 22 and LISREL 85. 9 were used to classify, process, andanalyze the data and to investigate the hypotheses of the research. Results The evaluation of hypothetical model with fit indexes demonstrated that the hypothetical modelfits the measurement model (CFI=0. 98, NFI=0. 96, and RMSEA=0. 060). Structural relations analysis also indicated intolerance of uncertainty indirectly through rumination overdepression and directly and indirectly general anxiety disorder. Conclusion Thus, based on the current research findings, rumination has a mediating role in relationshipbetween intolerance of uncertainty and symptoms of depression and general anxiety disorder. Consideringthese dimensions, the employed mechanisms can be useful in developing efficacious preventive andtherapeutic interventions for depression.

Objectives Advances in the electronic communication technologies, despite a lot of benefits, have exposedthe youth to some threats such as sexting. This study aimed to determine the youth access tomobile phone and the prevalence of sexting in high school students in Rafsanjan City, Iran. Methods The study was a cross-sectional local survey of 944 high school students in Rafsanjan usingstratified cluster sampling method. The survey tool was a questionnaire of texting and sexting quantityand quality. The obtained data entered the SPSS V. 16 and analyzed using Chi square and t-test. Results Out of 994 samples, 10. 9% did not access to mobile phone. About 62. 7% of samples had smartphones and internet access via mobile phones. In last six months, 34. 7% of samples had sent sext and15. 7% had received sext. There was a statistical significant relationship between sending (P<0. 0001) andreceiving sext (P<0. 0001) and the total number of texting per day. Conclusion Iranian youths have a wide access to mobile phones and sexting is prevalent among them. Such situation would expose them to threats and dangers in sexual interactions and calls for parents’ supervision and plan for parenting education.

Objectives The current study examines the features of the physical environment affecting environmentalperception and tries to explain paradigm of architecture based on the neuropsychological features. Thispaper investigates the relationship between the two aspects of the physical and neuropsychologicalenvironment in the patients with dementia Alzheimer’ s type in order to meet the needs of the mentalprocesses (sensation, perception, memory, and the organization of targeted behavior and adaptation tothe environment for executive functions). Methods This study was conducted by inductive content analysis method based on 9 semi-structuredinterviews and inductive content analysis from related literature. Results Environmental perception was found as category based on two inductive content analyses. Moreover, 28 concepts of first level concepts (coding) and three concepts of “ indifference to the elementsin the physical environment” , “ willingness to attend familiar places” and “ stressors in unfamiliarplaces” as subcategories were obtained from semi-structured interviews. Conclusion Explaining the features of the physical environment combined with neuropsychological environmentcan play a significant role in creating the habitat, care and treatment environment of thesepatients. Therefore, the sensory cue of the environment is effective in reducing behavioral disorders. Therefore, the perception of a more powerful environment means a greater interaction between thesetwo dimensions of the environment.

Objectives The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) has a decisive role in the different dimensions of behavior, emotions, personality and pathology of children. The goal of this research was to validate RST in children. Methods The research is descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all school children in Hamedan City, Iran in 2018 academic year. Study participants included 417 children selected by multistage cluster sampling. Then RST, positive and negative affect and depression anxiety stress scales were distributed among them to respond. The reliability was assessed by alpha coefficient, test-retest and split-half coefficient, and validity was assessed with other questionnaires to determine the psychometric properties of RST. The confirmatory factor structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Factor analysis indicated that RST has 3 factors and checking the validity of the inventory using Cronbach alpha, respectively for the factor fight-flight system, behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system (0. 75, 0. 76, 0. 68) test-retest (0. 48, 0. 56, 0. 61) and split-half coefficient (0. 56, 0. 51, 0. 61) reflects the stability of the scale. The criterion validity of RST with other questionnaires indicated desirable discriminant and convergence validity (P<0. 05). Conclusion Overall, the findings indicate that RST has good psychometric properties in children, and can be used in studies in normal population. However, it seems that RST subscales has a low internal consistency in Iranian children in comparison with the original version.

Spousal abuse is a significant social problem. Spousal abuse includes four types of violent behavior thatoccur between two people in an intimate relationship: physical abuse; sexual abuse; and emotionalabuse. Spousal abuse as a social and health problem is accompanied with numerous negative physicaland psychological outcomes. Such problems require prevention, thus many countries such as Iran havedesigned preventive intervention programs.