JOURNAL OF TAXONOMY AND BIOSISTEMATICS
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:10|Papers Count:7

In this research, six isolates, including three from three rice roots (PxR1, PxR2 and StR1) and three from three wheat roots (PxW1, PxW2 and PxW3) were isolated as endophytic bacteria and except for StR1, all the isolates were identified as Pseudoxanthomonas based on phenotypic analysis including FTIR and PCR amplification of 16S rDNA. The results showed that PxR1, PxR2, PxW1 and PxW2 were all similar and belonged to a novel species of Pseudoxanthomonas, but PxW3 was from different species. StR1 belonged to a novel species of Stenotrophomonas. Two strains including Azospirillum brasiliense Sp7 (S1) and Azospirillum lipoferum(S2) were selected as standard strains and compared with those isolates; however, phenotypic and genotypic analysis verified that those isolates were not Azospirillum. For the first time, it was indicated that Pseudoxanthomonas existed as an endophytic bacterium in rice root.

The species of Carpinus genus are widely distributed in the Hyrcanian and Arasbaran forests. Previous researches identified the species only by leaf and seed macro-morphological traits. Leaf morphological variations in the different ecological conditions led to some problems in taxonomy of the genus. In the current research for first time, stomata and trichome morphology were surveyed on plant collections of Noshahr Herbarium by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM). Some plant samples were collected from natural sites by the authors. First, separation accuracy of Carpinus betulus, C. schuschaensis and C. oreintalis was investigated by multivariate analysis. Extracted components of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were highly correlated with some leaf size parameters but could not clearly separate the three groups. Discriminate analysis proved accuracy of grouping about 64.7%.Carpinus betulus had the largest dimension in stomata and trichome trait while C. orientalishad the smallest about this trait and C. schuschaensis had the medium size between of two species. Stomata type in C. betulus was paracytic, anomocytic, and Anisocytic and C. oreintalis were laterocytic and C. schuschaensis was Anisocytic and laterocytic. In contrast to other species, cells of stomata located upper than epidermal cells in C. betulus. Simple unicellular trichome was determined for the genus. Although the size and dense of trichome on the leaf and petiole were different among three species, these traits were highly associated with ecological conditions. We concluded that these traits did not have any taxonomic significant in the genus. The current research calls for seed and bract morphology as well as molecular markers to be revised.

In this research, total of 15 species belonging to Astragalus section Ornithopodium as well as its closely related ones were analyzed using morphological and molecular data. A. frigidus and A. stocksii were selected as outgroups based on previous studies. Based upon our results, species of sect. Ornithopodium along with those of sect. Onobrychoidei were placed within a single large clade with high support and are closely related taxa. Species from section Dissitiflori formed a distinct clade from the two other studied sections. Based on our molecular and morphological data, Astragalus pravitzii Podlech, which had been recently transferred to the sectionOrnithopodium from the section Dissitiflori, was not affiliated with that section.

In the northern and the eastern slopes of Sabalan mountains which has a semi-aria climate. There were several pools, and wetlands and the study of the flora in these areas is important. Identification of plants provide useful guidelines for environmental and ecological management. In this study, flora, life form and chorology the species were studied and introduced. During vegetation growth, from 2008 to 2009 we collected and identified plant species in the region, and floristic list was provided. The results showed that totally, there were 216 plant species that belonged to 128 genera and 36 families in the studied area. The flora of these regions included 216 plant species that belonged to 128 genera and 36 families. Poaceae family including 25 genera and 46 species, Astraceae family with 11 genera and 19 species, Fabaceae family with 9 genera and 18 species and Brassicaceae family with 12 genera and 15 species, had the highest number of species. Also according to the classification Raunkiaer system (Raunkiaer, 1934) there were 22%. Therophytes, 30% Cryptophytes, 46% Hemicryptophytes, and 2% Chamaephytes. From view point of plant chorology, were formed in: 44.44% Pluriregional, 20.83% Europa-Siberian, Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean, 15.74% Europa-Siberian, Irano-Turanian, 3.7% Europa-Siberian, 2.32% Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean, 5.56% Indemic for Iran and 7.41% of species were not identified. Considering that the region climate affected by Siberian, Hyrkaniane and Mediterranean climate therefore the most vegetative elements in this study region belonged to Europa-Siberian and Europa- Siberian, Irano-Turanian, respectively.

The Crataegus genus is widely distributed in Iran. This genus belongs to Rosaceae family and has 17 species in Iran one of which is Crataegus pontica C. Koch. In this paper, we analyzed some microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of this plant, then compared them with other features that were presented previously in previous reports. We analyzed all components in C. pontica, using thin layer chromatography method and then specified the type of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid in C. pontica. Hyproside, rutin and chlorogenic acid were the main flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic occurred acid in this plant. Also, we analyzed its flavonoids quantitatively based on Deutsch Pharmacopoeia method according to hyproside content. Because, to determine the chemosystematic relevancies in some species flavonoids are used, so in this paper we compared C. pontica with 3 other species of its genus such as C. monogyna, C. melanocarpa and C. curvisepala that are found in Iran, and also with the medicinal standard species of Crataegus genus which is called C. oxyacantha. Finally we concluded that hyproside, rutin and chlorogenic acid were the main and common structural components in all species of that genus which were mentioned above.

Thymus L. is one of the largest genus of Lamiaceae family. This species had cammercial values due to containing essential oils and also its wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. From this genus, 18 species have been identified in Iran. Because of the gene flow potentiality among populations, a high morphological diversity exists among them. Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas is one of the species of this genus that is distributed only in west of Iran and also north of Iraq to determine intraspecific variations in T. eriocalyx from taxonomic point of view and effective ecological factors, data were collected using special station method. In this way, ten special stations were recognized for T. eriocalyx in west of Iran. Results from floristic data analysis (floristic composition of each special station) with MVSP software by PCO method, led to the identification of 6 separate groups that was indicative of the existence of intraspecific diversity. Furthermore morphometric data analysis of individual collected from each special station, by using 33 vegetative and reproductive characters, with PCO and UPGMA methods, confirmed 5-mentioned floristic groups. Ecologic data analysis with CCA method showed that various ecological factors are effective in grouping and forming special stations diversity, so that among studied factors, altitude, soil texture and permeability and slop direction factors were all effective in groupment of special stations. On this base, at least 3 ecodemes were identifiable and thus, could be introduced.

According to the “Flora Iranica”, the genus Erysimum has 26 species in Iran among which 11 species are reported in Shomali, Razavi and Jonoubi Khorasan provinces as yet. In this study, two of the species ate introduced for the first time. Due to the extreme similarities and the wide variation of the morphological characters, identification of these species is very difficult. In this study, we attempted to separate the species using morphological characters. We scored 75 morphological (vegetative and generative) characters of 84 individuals belonging to 11 species. The results of the multivariate analysis indicated the separation among the studied species and showed three distinct groups among samples. The first group was individuals of E. repandum, E. griffithianum, E. sisymbrioides, E. nanum and E. persepolitanum. The second group included individuals of E. aitchisonii, E. kerbabaevii and E. crassipes. The third group consisted of E. crassicaule, E. stocksianum, E. crassicaule (with trichome) and E. ischnostylum. Finally, an identification key was introduced based on morphological characters for Erysimum species in Khorasan.