Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine
Year:2001 | Volume:7 | Issue:4 (SN 18)|Papers Count:15

Stress can affect cardiovascular system and it is shown that can cause chronic hypertension. This study designed to test the effect of chronic stress on smooth muscle contractility of isolated aorta of rat.Male NMRI rats (180 - 320 g), were housed in defined conditions, 12 h light/ dark cycles (0700-1900) at 22±2°C with free access to tap water and food. Chronic swimming (10min) stress was induced, twice daily for 21 days. After 21 days, the animals were anesthetized with injection of thiopental (50 mg/kg ip), Blood samples were collected on Ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA). Adrenal glands were weighed and Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hematocrit (Hct) and Hemoglobin (Hb) tests were done. Thoracic aorta of test group (TG) and control group (CG) were removed and cleaned of connective tissue, and endothelium was denuded. A 5-6 mm ring of the tissue was mounted in a tissue bath and through an isometric transducer connected to a recorder. Tissue bath contained Krebs solution maintained at 37°C, and oxygenated with 95% O2, 5% CO2. An original tension of 2.0 gr was applied and a 90 min recovery period was allowed. After recovery period, KCI or Phenylephrine (Phe.) was added. Induced tension was recorded and calculated as g/mm2.Results were compared using t-test and p<0.05 was considered significant. Cortisol level in TG was significantly higher than CG (8.8±0.05, 2.4±0.02 ng/ml respectively, p<0.0001). Ratio of adrenal glands mg/100g body weight in TG (13.29±0.56) was significantly higher than CG (10.26±10.30). There were no significant differences in RBC, Hct and Hb between TG and CG. Concentrations of 20, 30 and 40 mM of KCI induced higher tensions in TG significantly. Tensions induced by 100 pM, 1, 10 and 100 nM of Phe were lower in TG (p<0.05).The results show that contractility of the smooth muscle from aorta of the chronically stress treated rats are different compared with controls. These changes in the contractility of the aorta could be due to disturbance in the calcium influx or its mobilization from intracellular pool.

Cardiovascular responses include increase in blood pressure and heart rate is a common event after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, and it has potentially adverse side effects especially in high risk patients. The cause of cardiovascular responses is stimulation of receptors in autonomic nervous system with plasma increase in noradrenalin and other catecholamines. Sometimes this response is in from of parasympathic and vagus nerve stimulation and lead to bradycardia especially in children. The purpose of this study is comparison and survey of lidocaine and fentanyl effects on prevention or attenuating cardiovascular responses after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients who referred to Hamadan hospitals for elective surgery in 1998.We studied a total of 96 patients, ASA class I and II received a balanced anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups. In the induction of anesthesia and before laryngoscopy tracheal intubation, group 1received saline 5 ml, group 2 received lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg and group 3 received fentanyl 2 μg/kg. Patients and investigator was blinded to it. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at following times: before induction, after induction but before laryngoscopy and intubation, and 1, 3, 5 minutes after intubation. Then the mean of hemodynamic parameters in steps one and two compared with the same parameters in three following steps. Fentanyl effectively blunted the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation but saline and lidocaine were found to be ineffective it) abolish or attenuating these same response. So according to this study fentanyl is more useful adjunct for preventing hemodynamic responses after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation than lidocaine.

The preterm birth is one of the main health problems and the most common cause of prenatal and neonatal death. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of preterm birth and its risk factors. We conducted cross-sectional study with 1087 sample of networks who were the total of births of Babol for three months in three hospital in 1998. The data were collected by determining gestational age using LMP and interviewing with mothers. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate the standardized relative risk (RR).The result showed the prevalence of preterm birth was 9% with 95% confidence interval (7.3%, 10.7%). The risk of preterm birth was increased 2.71 times significantly among women with hypertension during pregnancy (P<0.01).The relative risk was 2.64 folds (P<0.05) among twins and 1.75 folds (P<0.05) among women with a history of abortion. The risk of preterm birth was decreased in private hospital (RR=0.58, P<0.05). In the stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis only the effect of hypertension in pregnancy (RR=0.3.35, P<001) and being twin (OR=2.64, P<0.05) and having a history of abortion (RR=1.80, P<0.05) significantly increased the risk of preterm birth and among private hospital (OR=0.57, P<0.05), the risk was decreased significantly.Therefore, with eliminating the obstacle of prenatal care and with creating health services, the surveillance system should perform especial care in high risk pregnancies, especially, for women with a history of abortion, and hypertension and twin gestation. Thus surveillance program, continuing education, consultation and coordination between clinics and health centers contribute prevent the preterm birth.

Viral hepatitis is one of the most prevalent diseases world wide and is the commonest cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Chronic viral hepatitis can be caused by, HBV, HCV or HDV superimposed on HBV, these viruses may infect high – risk population such as intravenous drug abusers and hemophiliacs. In order to find out the chronic hepatitis in intravenous drug abusers in Hamadan province this study was carried out.The study was done as the forensic medicine of Hamadan province, in 1997-98. The specimens were prepared as routine diagnostic method in histopathologic laboratories.Chronic hepatitis were found in 34 (14.2%) cases that 29 (85%) of them were addict with 27 of cases intravenous drug abusers (93.1%), and in 6 of cases with history of addiction there was no evidence of the histological criterion of chronic hepatitis.As other countries, the majority of our cases were intravenous drug users and inactive periods of life.

Estrogen and progesterone is the most important female sexual hormones which is administrated for the treatment of some women diseases and also are used in contraceptive pills. Administration of female sexual hormones during critical pC-7riodof embryonic development may produce malformations. In this study which was undertaken during 1998-99 in biology department, school of sciences, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad.The incidence of motor limbs abnormality due to estradiol administration during the rat embryonic development was investigated. Three groups of pregnant wistar rats were exposed to 0.15 mg/kg estradiol valerate via a single intramuscular injection on one of the following gestational days; 12, 14 or 16 of experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The control pregnant rats (group 4), were received physiological serum in the same manner. All of pregnant rats were sacrificed on the last day of pregnancy and their fetuses were collected, counted and examined for limbs abnormalities.Our results indicate that in comparison with control group, in experimental groups the size of litters significantly reduce and the incidence of malformations, especially in experimental group 1are significantly high. The markedly limbs malformations are syndactyly, tetraductyly and phocomellya.Since the critical period of rat motor limbs embryonic development is between 11 to 13th post-mating day, the estradiol administration in group 1 probably by interrupting the programmed cell death phenomena or blocking the chemical receptors in limb bods produce limb abnormalities.

This research is a descriptive study in which the researcher determines the treatment and side effects of taking mefenamic acid in patients who suffer from menorrhagia in Hamadan, in 1993.The total numbers of studied patients, using a pilot study, have been determined 100 persons. In order to obtain the research goals, the amount of menstruation bleeding of each patients during control and study cycles were measured and then compared. The control cycle was without any treatment, and the study cycle was with taking mefenamic acid for three days (1500 mg/day).The results suggest that, after taking mefenamic acid, the bleeding reduction in the studied patients was at least 2% and up to 64%. The average menstruation bleeding reduction after taking the drug was 37%. The results showed that the most common side effect of taking was vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea.Mefenamic acid is effective in reduction of this bleeding-and it doesn't have any serious and constant complications.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of fluorosis among students of intermediate schools in Bahar city in 1998-99.We examined 2502 students, 1247 girls and 1255 boys aged 12-15 years old. The type of the f1uorosis determined by the use of Dean's index. The results of this study showed that total rate of fluorosis were 24.5 Percent, 24.8% in girls and 24.i%in boys. 1.1% had moderate fluorosis and 4.8% had mild fluorosis and 11.3% had very mild fluorosis and 7.3% had doubtful; none of the children had sever dental fluorosis. Among different tooth a maxillary central incisor was the most affected one and mandibular lateral incisor was the least one.Although the prevalence of fluorosis was 24.5%in studied cases, but according to FCI index it is not a community health problem.

Intestinal protozoa and helminthes are aetiological agents of several widespread parasitic diseases. The most common ones are Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides. The main purposes of this study were determination the frequency of intestinal parasites, and study the clinical symptoms of patients and also to indicate the correlation between symptoms and parasitic infection and the kind of parasites. Two hundreds and twenty seven patients' were examined by physicians and directed to parasitology laboratory for stool examination by direct method and formol-ether (concentration method). The demographic characteristic and the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients were provided through questionnaire.Frequency of parasitic helminthes and protozoa were 20.2% and 22.9% respectively. However 42.6% of the patients were infected by at least one pathogenic parasite. The most infected cases had G.lamblia (19.3%), and the most common symptom was abdomen pain and the least one was vomiting. In the Ascaris infected cases, the most common symptom was vomiting (57.1%) and in the Giardia infected cases, the most common symptom was abdomen pain (64.7%).Ascaris and Giardia had the highest prevalence among the studied patients.The prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasites in study group who, had gastrointestinal symptoms was high (42.6%).The main symptoms were the same, as those usually observed in patients infected with intestinal parasites. Some of non-pathogenic diseases may also cause similar symptoms.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease, due to the deficiency in producing, or deficiency of insulin function that causes many problems. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients need to inject insulin regularly. To determine the insulin injection compliance a descriptive observational study has been performed on the patients who had referred to Hamadan Diabetic Research Center, thus the role of health attitudes incompliance was determined.The studied patients, were 245 persons and they had been covered by above center. Questionnaire was used in this study.Finding indicated that 62.05% of them had less than 40 years old and most of them were female (68.16%). About 73.46% patients had disease less than 10 years. The majority of them (60.6%) did not have IDDM in their family. They had taken part in training courses held in this center and they had perceived the advantages of insulin injection. 62.4% of them had good compliance about insulin injection. The most important barrier in insulin injection was the high price of this drug and also to provide it. The patients with IDDM that perceived the seriousness of disease and susceptibility to having any complication, these two factors had a meaningful relation with insulin injection compliance. Insulin injection compliance had significant relation to age, education and marriage. The other demographic characteristics did not demonstrate the meaningful relation with insulin injection compliance.Most of the people had good compliance about insulin injection. This indicates the role of Diabetes Research Center can be useful because this center educates the patients about the diabetes complications, and can help the patients to comply fully with insulin injection.

This study is a semi experimental one and its purpose is to determine the effect of in tratracheal suctioning on blood pressure of patients admitted to Tabriz Imam Khomaini hospital in 1997.Data were collected by a questionnaire from 35 patients with nervous and respiratory complications.The findings showed that blood pressure means of admitted patients in I.C.U increased 9.91mmHg immediately after suction relative to presuction measurement. The arterial blood pressure means 5 minutes after suction increased 3.26 mmHg relative to presuction measurement and the arterial blood mean 5 minutes after suction decreased 6.65 mmHg relative to immediately after suction measurement. The comparison of blood pressure alteration between 3 steps: before suction with immediately after suction, before suction with 5 minutes after suction, immediately after suction with 5 minutes after suction on the basis of sex, age(32-45 years old), type of disease of brain and nervous system and both of the type of air ways were significant.

Hemangiopericytoma, is a mesenchymal tumor originated from pericytes, manifests flesh-colored or bluish - red firm, nodular asymtomatic masses in the head, neck, lower limbs, retroperitoneum and etc, that grows slowly. Local recurrence is common and metastasis to lung is reported. Treatment of choice is surgical excision. Before biopsy and histopathological examination, diagnosis of the lesion is difficult and must be differentiated from other malignant tumors. In this article, a case of hemangiopericytoma in the frontal area and left eye is reported and we reviewed the clinical and pathological aspects, pathogenesis and treatment of the tumor.  

Some cases of ambiguous genitalia, are very rare and their diagnosis and decision on their treatment methods are of special importance. Our patient was 16-years old with female appearance, had an ambiguous Genitalia, 2 small and atrophic testes in the internal ring of inguinal channel. Her chromosomal karyotype was 46xy. Here we describe and discuss our diagnostic steps, management, and surgical vaginoplasty procedure with using sigmoid.