Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine
Year:2000 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (SN 15)|Papers Count:12

In a double blind controlled, randomized clinical trial study, we have investigated the efficacy of I.M ephedrine in 100 patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia to level T6. Fifty patients' received ephedrine 0.5mg kg −1 (2cc) in deltoid muscle of right arm just before spinal anaesthesia. Fifty patients' received equal volume of distilled water (2cc). Patients in both groups were given the same volumes of N/S (10CC. kg −1). Mean arterial pressure during the first 60 min after anaesthesia remained significantly more stable in the ephedrine group (P= 0.000002) and the incidence of hypotension lower than base MAP was very lower than placebo group (2% versus 40% and P=0.000009). We concluded that 0.5 mg. kg −1 ephedrine I.M just before spinal anaesthesia is a simple and effective means of reducing the incidence of hypotension episode after spinal anaesthesia.  

This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of congenital color blindness among students of Hamadan city, Iran, in 1995-96. 706 pupils were surveyed by a random sample. Personal characteristics such as sex, age, socio-economic condition were recorded. Ishi-hara test was used to measure congenital color-blindness. Moreover, information of eye diseases was obtained using eye examination. The results were analyzed using SPSS. The results indicated that 4.4% of the population had congenital color-blindness (7% of the boys and 0.35% of the girls) P<0.05. The results did not show any significance difference in different age groups and socio -economic status. Therefore it was suggested to use Ishi-hara test for children at the beginning of the primary school course.  

The incidence of pericardial effusion in untreated hypothyroidism is reported to be 30% to 80%. The study of pericardial effusion in primary hypothyroidism was our objective. 51patients with clinical or overt hypothyroidism and abnormal thyroid function test was admitted to internal medicine ward in Mobasher Kashani Hospital in Hamadan between1995-998. In all patients with clinical or overt hypothyroidism with raised TSH and low T4, echocardiography for present pericardial effusion was done. In this study 51 patients with hypothyroidism were studied (17 male and 34 female) the mean of age in this group was 47.41 years with minimum 16 years and maximum 75 years. Pericardial effusion was seen in different degree in 29 cases (56.9%). Pericardial effusion in primary hypothyroidism related with severity and duration of the disease. Pericardial effusion may be a frequent manifestation in advanced severe stage and myxedema but a rare association of hypothyroidism in early mild stage.  

Present paper is a report on the mandibular arch width changes (MAWC) during maximum and minimum mouth opening in the first premolar and second molar region. The effect of age, sex, and type of occlusion (Angle Classification) has been investigated. Cross-arch distance was recorded in two region on each cast of lower dental ridge, which had been made in maximum opening and closing position of jaw and poured in alginate impressions of sixty - five referring patients to Dental School of Hamadan, with digitalized Kolis (accuracy to 0.01 mm) and MAWC was measured. The mean of MAWC in the first premolar region is 0.1456 ± 0.1095 mm and in the molar region is 0.2605 ± 0.1908mm. - MAWC decreases with age increase. - MAWC is less in female than male. - MAWC in the subjects with class II occlusion is less than the subjects with class I occlusion.  

Calculi are deposited chemicals in compact form. The cause of calculus formation is not known; however many physical factors which affect the metastable solubility or insolubility of crystalloids in complex biological fluids are involved in the phenomenon. The majority of kidney stones are composed of one or more of the following substances: calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, cystine, or a mixture of these with magnesium ammonium phosphate. Most medical therapy for renal stone disease is now based on analysis of calculi; and decisions about proper procedures for treatment require knowledge of stone composition. In this study 267 renal calcuili were analysed. The commonest types of calculus are calcium oxalate 95.9% and nonoxalated calcium 97% and uric acid calculi 53.2% or mixture of the two. Stone composition is an important guide for the physicians decisions concerning investigation and a rational choice of treatment.  

Acetaminophen is a widely used analegesis and antipyretic which is considered safe at therapeutic levels. This medicine is also a kind of influensive substiution via the gut; it is metabolized in liver and converted to consistant and potential toxic metabolites. Acetaminophen and it’s metabolits undifficulty passes from decidua and achieves embryo and is the cause of malformations in embryo. In this investigation we basically found that the consumption of therapeutic does of acetaminophen (48.5 mg/kg) in mice, during sensitive organogenesis days (7, 8, 9 and 9, 10, 11 pregnancy) caused abnormalities that the most important of them included: decrease of weight of embryo's body in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Another abnormalities observed in this study: decrease of CR, exencephally, absorption of embryo and skeletal system defect. In resumption of research, we also treared the double of the therapeutic dose (97 mg/kg) in sensitive organogenesis period to pregnant mouse via the animal feeding, it caused increasing of the abnormalities. As it shows that there is significant decrease in weight and CR in comparison with control group.  

Accurate knowledge of fetal age is very important. A number of methods can be used to determine an accurate gestational age. With routine use of ultrasonography more information about the anatomy of the fetus can be obtained. one of the parameter that can be used is biparietal diameter. This study was carried out in 386 pregnant women with known last menstrual period. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between biparietal diameter and menstrual age. Regression analysis indicated that menstrual age could be predicted with ± 3.5 weeks with 95% interval confidence. This was also computed for three gestational age interval: 20-26 weeks, 26 - 32 weeks and 32-42 weeks. The results indicated that prediction of age become progressivly less accurate as pregnancy proceeds.  

This survey was carried out in order to evaluate the endoscopic results of gastric lesions in the base of pathologic diagnosis. 950 patients were studied in Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran) in 1990. The results showed that the gastric malignancies in this population included: 93.4% adeno - carcinoma, 6% squamous-cell-carcinoma, 0.6% lymphoma. The gastric benign included: 72.7% gastritis and 21.6% ulcer. 78% of malignant lesions were in male and 22% were in female. The most of the malignant lesions were in farmers. The sensitivity of endoscopy in diagnosis of malignant lesions was 81% and its specificity in diagnosis of benign lesions was 89%.

Nitrate and nitrite in drinking water is harmful for human health, specially when its amount is more than the standard level. The purpose of this study includes measuring concentration of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water of Hamadan city in each season, during one year. In order to compare the seasonal nitrate and nitrite, totally 232 sample were taken from water. The WHO standard methods were used to analysis the nitrate and nitrite concentration in the water. The results showed that concentration of nitrate and nitrite were 17.72 and 0.03 mg/lit respectively, that were not more than standard limit. But the concentration of nitrate in summer was more than others seasons, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Finally, at the present time, it can be concluded that, concern with concentration of nitrate and nitrites in drinking water of Hamadan, is healthy.  

Preparative autologous blood donation (PABD) is one of the three methods of autologous blood transfusion. With stimulating bone marrow erythropoiesis and satisfactory iron supplies maintained, blood can be collected as frequency as once a week from an autologous donor and had transfused to patient during the surgery. There are many advantages in this method (PABD) elimination of transfusion- transmitted disease such as hepatitis and ADIS. Immunologic complications related to the transfusion of foreign cells and HLA antigens, including hemolysis and febrile reactions to white cells, are also prevented. The PABD has used in elective orthopedic surgery, cardiovascular, pediatrics, elderly, gynecological, elective plastic surgery procedure. In this study we report two cases of plastic surgery undergoing reductive mammoplasty and abdominoplasty. The PABD procedure has done for them and the results were very good.  

Hydatidosis (echinococcosis) is a parasitic infection in human. The most common cause of hydatid cyst is echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid cysts commonly involve the liver, lungs and rarely other organs as spleen, pancreas and breast. The patient of this case - report was a 17 years old girl that referred to hospital with a slowly growing mass in her right breast occasionally with pain sensation from one month before referring to clinic. She operated and observed a cystic mass with doughter cyst and clear fluid. Cyst excised completely. The pathological study confirmed the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst.