JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:8

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between product market competition and financing costs of the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. This proceeded with control effects of firm size, and also, financial leverage of firms. In addition, Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI), firms’ concentration ratios, and Lerner and adjusted Lerner index, were used as competition measures in product market. The statistical population constitutes of the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange, in the years 1382-1390. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. The results indicated that, in overall, there were significant relationship between product market competition indices and cost of common stock capital, and between competition indices and cost of debt as the criterion of financing costs. Therefore, it was recommended that the firms, by designing and applying intelligent strategies and target-oriented financing cost decisions, make their position secure in the market and increase their market share.

Corporate governance as a regulatory and monitoring mechanism mans can adjust effects of information asymmetry and conflicts between interests of managers and stakeholders, and hence, it may reduce cost of earnings management. This empirical study gave rise to the evidence, measuring earnings management by assessing discretionary accruals and real earnings management, and then, the effect of monitoring intensity on the relationship between information asymmetry and earnings management was examined. The data were collected from 76 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange with 836 observations, in the period 2002 to 2011, using regression model with panel data. The findings showed that monitoring intensity in the firms has significant negative impact on the relationship between information asymmetry and accrual earnings management. However, it was found that monitoring intensity has no significant effect on the relationship between information asymmetry and real earnings management.

The Initial Public Offer (IPO) that leads to entering new firms, and perhaps new investors, to a market, is important for stock exchanges and capital markets. Regarding the importance of IPO in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the capital market surpassing rival markets, as well as the implementation of Article 44 of the Iranian constitution, it seems to be necessary to study the Iranian IPO. By this way, this research investigates the relationship between accruals earnings management and stock long term returns in the IPO firms. The research time scope was between 2001 till 2013, and the Log it regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. The findings showed that there was not significant relationship between accruals earnings management at the IPO year and the stock long term returns in the IPO firms.

Training courses in advanced countries have been determined by the interaction between experimental and educational environments that resulted in the success of activists in experimental fields. This issue in developing countries such as Iran is different, since it is perceived that there is a gap between educational environments and experimental areas. The aim of this study was to determine and prioritize the skills in accounting education, and to specify the prioritizing differences among the needed skills of accounting graduates in the perspectives of employers or audit partners and accounting staffs.In this study a survey questionnaire consistent with analytic hierarchy process was prepared, and then, distributed among the auditing partners and employees, selected by random sampling. The answers from 44 partners and 62 staffs indicated that the competence in communication skills and information technology, respectively, are the highest priorities for both of the partners and employees in auditing institutions. Also, using analysis of variance, we compared the comments from the two groups with each other. The result showed that there is no significant difference between the views of two groups.

Misconducting research tarnishes the reputation and credibility of research institutions. This study examines the attitudes and perceptions in a group of accounting researchers about misconduct research and its determinants or related factors in the Iranian accounting research environment. To collect the data needed for the study, we prepared an adapted scientific misconduct questionnaire, and then, asked for answers from the accounting researches. First, a descriptive analysis of the answers was performed, using data frequencies of the answers. Then, Likert scale responses were transformed into dichotomous answers. At the end, one sample sign test was performed to analyse the research questions.The results showed that the Iranian group of accounting researchers perceive that scientific misconduct is commonplace in their accounting research environment, and that they are concerned about the negative effects of scientific misconduct on the credibility of scientific research. It is recommended that researchers should be empowered with the knowledge and virtues required for self-regulation that advance research integrity. Also, research institutes should take steps towards regulating the current state and fostering responsibility for research ethics to discourage misconduct.

This study examined the effects of the real exchange rate and inflation uncertainty on the investment function of Tobin’s Q, in the period 2001-2010. To proceed, the data of 100 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange were collected. The theoretical model were estimated by introducing the real exchange rate, and then, the inflation variable in the model. Exchange rate uncertainty was estimated by the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, and the interactive correlations of the model variables were investigated by the GMM method. The results showed that the effects of the real exchange rate and inflation uncertainty variables in Tobin’s Q investment function are negative and significant. Also, the first lag of investment, cash flow, Tobin's Q and its lag variables have positive and significant effects on investment, and that the lagged cash flow, and the lagged real exchange rate uncertainty and the lagged inflation have negative and significant effects on investment.

The recent economic recession has led to re-focusing on working capital management policies in firms. This paper examines the importance of business cycles on the relationship between working capital and profitability of firms. To proceed, we tested the hypotheses in a sample of 120 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1999-2012, using multivariate regression model. The results showed that there is negative relationship between cash conversion cycle and profitability of the firms. Also, it was found that the impact of business cycles on the relationship between working capital and profitability during recession periods is relatively higher, compared with boom periods. Additionally, the results indicated that the impacts of inventory management, and receivables conversion period as well as debt paying period (as the three components of cash conversion cycle) on profitability increase in recession period.