KNOWLEDGE & RESEARCH IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2013 | Volume:14 | Issue:3 (53)|Papers Count:19

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on depression and hope on the statistical population of Shahid Chamran University students. The research was a semi-experimental, pretest- posttest-follow up with control group. 40 students with high depression in Beck Depression Inventory (1972) and low hope in Miller Hope Scale (1988) were selected by multistage sampling and assigned randomly to two experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of group logotherapy. Then, inventories were administrated again as the post-test and 1 month follow up to both groups. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the mean of depression in the experimental group was significantly less and the mean of hope was significantly more than those of the control group both at the post- and follow-up tests (P<0.01).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of happiness training based on cognitive behavioral approach on quality of martial life in married males and females in the city of Isfahan. The study is semi-experimental using pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population were married people who referred to psychology and counseling centers of Isfahan in summer 2010 (1389s.c.). Sampling method was simple random. One center of Isfahan counseling centers was selected randomly. Subjects were 32 males and females randomly selected and assigned to the control and experimental groups randomly. The experiment group participated in 6 sessions of happiness training. Both groups completed the pre-test and post-test measures. Participants responded to Perceived Marital Relationship Quality Components Inventory (Fletcher, Simpson & Thomas, 2000). The results of analysis of covariance indicated that this type of happiness training is effective on marital quality generally and on its subscales of satisfaction from intimacy, sexual desire, marital satisfaction and love (P<0.05) but did not have a significant effect on commitment and trust. Happiness training can be used as a way of promoting marital life quality and a preventive method of divorce.

The purpose of this aim was to determine the effectiveness of child-based attachment therapy approach on the amount of depression symptoms and quality of attachment of primary school boys. The research type is quasi-experimental with control and experimental groups. Population included all fourth and fifth grade primary school boys in the city of Isfahan in 2011 (1390s.c.). The sample under study here were 30 depressed students of fourth and fifth grades chosen by random multi-stage sampling who were assigned randomly to control and experimental groups. To measure children depression rate, the tool used in this study was Child Depression Inventory (CDI ) (Kovacs, 1981). Also, children attachment rate was measured through Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised for children (IPPA-R) (Gullon & Robinson, 2005). The interventions included 6 sessions which were based on child-oriented attachment therapy for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any treatment. The results of descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance showed, that child based attachment therapy significantly reduces depression and its dimensions (interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative mood, negative self-esteem) (P<0.05) and also increases quality of attachment and its dimensions (trust, relationship, self-alienation) (P<0.05) in the experimental group.

This study examined the effectiveness of humanistic group training on men's relationship beliefs in Isfahan in 2012 (1391s.c.). This is a semi-empirical study consisting of a pre-test and a post-test in which three Groups including a control group were investigated. The research sample was randomly chosen from 114 applicants of group training and was randomly assigned into three groups. The first group consisted of 30 husbands who participated with their wives; the second group consisted of 30 husbands who participated alone, without their wives; and the third group consisted of 30 husbands as the control group. All the three groups were first tested by Relationship Beliefs Inventory (RBI) (Eidelson & Epstien, 1982), as pre-tests. The first two experimental groups were instructed through group trainings of transactional behavior analysis in 10 sessions, and then they were tested with RBI at the post-test stage. Multivariate analysis of covariance and Post Hoc bonferroni Test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mean of relationship beliefs of men in the first group was significantly lower than that of the control group. There was a significant difference between the relationship beliefs of men of the first group and the men of the second group; and also the mean of men in the second group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). Humanitarianism approach is a good way to improve the relationship beliefs and the mean of the control group was greater than the mean of the experimental groups. This approach is the best ways to improve relations and reduce damaging relationships in the family.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of volleyball skills training and problem solving on adolescent girls self-efficacy. The research method was semi-experimental and conducted in as pre-test and post-test with four experimental groups. The research statistical population consisted of all first grade students of Broujen high schools in the academic year of 2009-2010 (1388-89s.c.). The research sample included 60 junior high school students who were chosen by two-stage random sampling and were assigned to four groups (n=15) of teaching volleyball based on problem solving approach, teaching volleyball, teaching problem solving, and control. After taking selfefficacy pre-test, the students of interventional groups took part in 90-minutes training program for 10 sessions. Data were gathered by Selfefficacy Scale (Sherer, 1982). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were significant differences in the effect of teaching volleyball and problem solving on adolescent girls self efficacy between the four groups (F (3, 54)=25.89, P<0.001). Generally, the results reveal that the mixed program caused further improvement of students self-efficacy.

The main purpose of this study was to study the relationship of job characteristics and perceived organizational justice with job alienation. Research method was descriptive correlational and the statistical population included all employees of a large industrial factory, from whom 349 persons, were selected via stratified random sampling selection. In this research a set of questionnaires consisting of Job Characteristics (Hackman & Oldham, 1976), Perceived Organizational Justice (Neihoff & Moormen, 1993), and Job Alienation (Boeree, 2001) were used. Data were analyzed with use of simultaneous and stepwise regression analysis and the results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that the relational justice (b=-0.170., P£0.01) and feedback (b=0.051, P£0.05) were able to significantly predict job alienation.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship of religiousness and social support with life satisfaction among university students. The type of research was correlation the statistical population consisted of all humanities college students in Tehran's Azad University, Science and Research Unit, in the spring of 2012 (1391s.c.). To this end, 193 of female and male students (107 girls & 86 boys) were selected through random cluster sampling. After eliminating the incomplete questionnaires, the sample consisted students of 151 (66 boys and 85 girls). Data collection tools were Religiousness Questionnaire (Azarbayjanee, 2003), the Social Support Questionnaire (Smith et al., 1988), and Life Satisfaction (Diner et al., 1990). The results of multiviate analysis of regression, by the method of Inter and step by step regression, revealed that social support had a positive effect on life satisfaction (P<0.01) and religiousness had a positive effect on life satisfaction (P<0.01). Social support was a stronger predictor of religiousness regarding life satisfaction among university students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC) among Iranian bereaved families. The statistical population in this study included all bereaved families in Isfahan in 2011 (1390S.C.). 280 bereaved people were selected via available sampling method. The data were gathered by Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (Hogan, Greenfield & Schmidt, 2001), General Health Questionnaire-28 (Goldberg, 1972) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and demographic questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation indicated 4 factors (despair/distress, personal growth, disorganization/ panic behavior, and anger & blame) in this scale. Internal consistency coefficients by Cronbach' s Alpha for the 4 factors were between 0.92 to 0.98. The criterion validity reveald high and significant correlation between HGRC subscales with General Health Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (P£0.01). The discriminant validity, indicated that HGRC has the ability to distinguish between normal and pathological griefs. Therefore, the Persian version of HGRC has good reliability and validity for measuring grief reactions in Iranian population.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of coping strategies and self-efficacy with substance abuse tendency among students. The target population of this study was the students of Tabriz University in the acadmic years 2011-2012 (1390-91s.c.). The research sample consisted of 300 presons (150 females, 150 males) who were selected from among students of Tabriz University through cluster random sampling. Data were collected by Coping Strategy Scales (Endler & Parker, 1990), Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Sherer & Maddux, 1982) and Addiction Acknowledgment Scale (Weed et al, 1992). In order to predict the contribution of substance abuse tendency the data were analyzed by, multivariate regression analysis by using enter method and software SPSS16 analysis. The results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that linear combination of problemfocused coping strategies and self-efficacy can predict the substance abuse tendency (P<0.001).

The goal of this research was to study the relationship to between suicidal tendency with demographic variables, life satisfaction, history of annoying events and druy dependency family factors relation with opposite sex and participation in social activity. In a correlation design, 415 female high school students of Shahin Shahr with classified random method were selected and assessed with SWLS (Deinner, 1985), scale of “Suicidal Tendency” MACI-IR (Mehrabi, 2010/1389s.c.) and demographic and family questionnaires. Results of Pearson correlation showed that all most of these variables have significant relation with suicidal tendency (P<0.05), but results of stepwise regression analysis showed that life satisfaction, severity of annoying events, family history of suicide, having a boyfriend, mothers education and mental health can predict 42.2% of suicidal tendency in the female adolescents (P<0.05). The findings emphasized on the role of traumatic events, family history for suicide, mothers education, fathers psychiatric illness, and relation with a boy friend on suicidal tendency.

The aim of this study was to compare emotional processing and fear of positive-negative evaluations in the women with social phobia and normal women. The type of study was causal-comparative. The research sample consisted of 60 women with social phobia and 60 normal women which were selected through stage cluster random sampling among women of Gorgan. To collect the data, Social Phobia Scale (Conner, et al., 2000), Emotional Processing Scale (Bakeret et al., 2007), Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Weeks et al., 2008) and Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (Leary, 1983) were used. The results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that women with social phobia have greater emotional processing and fear of negative evaluation and also lower fear of positive evaluation than healthy women. (P<0.001). The results of multiple regressions showed that the emotional processing and fear of negative-positive evaluations explain 57% of variance of social phobia in women with this phobia (P<0.001). The findings have important implications concerning prevention, therapy and services of counseling for women with social phobia.

The aim of this research was to investigate relations of organizational culture, emotional intelligence and psychological capital with job self- efficacy and organizational entrepreneurship among the employees of Khuzestan Water and Power Authority. The sample included 400 people among the employees of Khuzestan Water and Power organization that were selected via stratified random sampling. The research questionnaires were Organizational Culture (Glaser et al., 1987), Emotional Intelligence (Schutte et al., 1998), Psychological Capital (Lopez et al., 2006), Job Self-efficacy (Riggs & Knight, 1994) and Entrepreneurial Behaviors Questionnaires (Pearce, Kramer & Robbins, 1997). The research was canonic correlation and data analysis by canonical correlation revealed that there were significant relations between employees organizational culture, emotional intelligence and psychological capital with job self efficacy and organizational entrepreneurship (P<0.005). The results also revealed that there is the strongest correlation between emotional intelligence from first set of variables (independent) (with standard canonical coefficient -0.753) and organizational entrepreneurship from second set of variables (dependent) (with standard canonical coefficient -0.81).