JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY SCIENCE
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:4 (SERIES NO. 7)|Papers Count:10

Sustainability and development in forest is dependent on stability and development of natural regeneration. So fate of a natural forest is dependent on present situation of regeneration. In present study, regeneration stability situation was studied in two shelter wood and selection systems methods in natural mass of Fagus Orientalis Lipsky. Studied forest is located on domain of Siahkal natural resourses center and Shenrood forestry plan. In this study, two domain are compared to each other which one of them was applied in shelter wood and the other in selection systems method. After area identification, 15 holes were selected in each method. After hole recognition and identification of their center, we moved 20 meters in 4 main directions and creacted a 400 meters plot and quantitative characteristics of yearlings (number of yearlings, their height, their diameter) are measured in each hole. Applied test in this study is t-test. Comparison of total frequency and test results indicated that total number of regeneration in shelter wood methods is more than selection systems method and percent of regeneration in shelter wood method is more than selection systems method, that means ,it has a more pure population than selection systems method. Percent of regeneration in other species in selection systems is more than shelter wood methods that means regeneration in selection systems method is more mixed than shelter wood method. In the number of regeneration with height shorter than 1.30 cm significant difference was not observed, But the number of yearlings with height more than 1.30 cm in shelter wood method was more than selection systems method. The number of yearlings in diameter levels of 1.5 cm are decreasing in two methods. But density of this decrease in shelter wood is much lower than selection systems method. So that in selection systems ,only in two diameter levels, yearlings were measured but in shelter systems method yearlings were present in each four diameter levels.

Persian sturgeon is the most important of Caspian sturgeon species that their stocks were decreased owingto numerous reasons in recent years.As regards the importance of the sturgeon fish Artificial  breeding it is necessary to study all process and procedures of it very carfully. one stage of Artificial propagation is incubation that if the products increase, incubator system will improve. In Spring (2007) Effect of kinds of incubator: youchtchenko, vase, troughf and changeablel youchtchenko(consist of youchtchenko and troughf) on Persian sturgeon eggs are considered.At the beginning, matured eggs of female sturgeon fish were chosen and after making the artificial breeding  process by the male sperm and removing of adhesivness of them, and equal amount of matured eggs were transferred to incubators. According to statistics, the highest of hatching percentage relate to vase incubator (%74.9) and the least of hatching percentage relate to troughf incubator (%20) also hatching percentage in youchtchenko incubator was (%60.1) and changeable youchtchenko incubator was (%54.8), thus mortality percentage in incubator: youchtchenko, vase, troughf and changeable youchtchenko were consecutively (%39.8, %25.1, %80, %45.1) and time of incubation was in youchtchenko incubator 1782.2 degree/hour, vase incubator 1647.2 degree/hour, trough incubator 1679 degree/hour and changeable youchtchenko incubator 1736.2 degree/hour .Considering efficiency and work manner of these incubators were realized that vase incubator had the highest hatching percentage and the lest time of incubation.

In this survey in vitro inhibitory effects of Myrtus Communis extract and nystatin on clinical Isolates of candida albicans from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Standard Strains of C.albicans were studied. The plant extracSt was obtained from Barij essence Co.The type strains of c.albicans were prepared from ATCC90028 collections. 45 clinical Isolates of c.albicans that were confirmed by microbiological methods used in the tests. Inbibitory effects of the Extract analyzed by serial dilution broth technique after determination of antimicrobial bioactivity. Based on the data analysis the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M.Communis L. extract on clinical Isolates and type strain of c.albicans were 25 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. Also the best MIC of Nystatin on clinical Isolates and type strain of C.albicans were 36 mg/ml the obtained Results showed that Myrtle extract has Inbibitory effect on clinical Isolates and type strain of C.albicans in lower concentrations than Nystatin drug . The present study suggest consideration of the plants extract with the highest antimicrobial activity and forms the basis for further Investigations to isolate active components , elucidated the structures and evaluate them against wider range of microbial Strains with the goal to find new the therapeutic principles. Substitution of commonly used Antifungal and Inhibiting chemicals by natural extracts such as Myrtle is recommended.

Studies were conducted on the changes occurring in the ovaries of adult female Kutum, (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamenskii, 1901) in Bandar-e Kiashahr in Southwestern of Caspian Sea during a yearly cycle (between two spawning period) from October 2007 to April 2008. No abnormalities or pathological changes in the ovarian or body of the investigated fish were detected. The aims of this study were to confirm timing, frequency and duration of the spawning period, to monitor changes in the gonado-somatic index(GSI), to relate (GSI) to the histological characteristics of the ovaries and to describe the stages of Kutum oocyte and ovarian development. Ovary samples were taken monthly and processed to with H&E and later were studied by light microscope. Different stages of oocyte development (nucleus changes, oocyte diameter and forming of yolk vesicle, yolk granules and lipid droplets) were surveyed. Six maturity stages were observed during our study that included: Virgin stage (I), Maturing virgin (II), Developing (III), Gravid (IV), Spawning (V) and Spent (VI). This study has shown that gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in March and reached the highest value (29.47±4.2) in April and then decreased sharply in early may. According to the results obtained gonadal development of Kutum was synchronous type.

The aim of this study is to determine the bacterial flora of intestine in sturgeon juvenile in earthen ponds which the results can be applied to prevent diseases and hygiene management of sturgeon during rearing in earthen ponds which leads to commercial benefits and sturgeon stock rehabilitation. Stability of bacterial flora in fish intestine is very significant, because the intestine is an important place for out break of microbial infections and other fish diseases. This is specially notable when the fishes have not Vaccinated. In this study, random sampling conducted and 90 Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) having 3-5g weight, collected by trawling in 3 earthen ponds. ofter recording of biometrical characteristics the intestine and rearing water, were cultured on TSA medium.  After 24-48 h, the total bacteria counted based on CFU (colony-forming unit) in 20oC. gram staining and complementary experiments conducted. Also, physicochemical factors of ponds determined. In order to identify the bacterial species, various biochemical experiments carried out using the tests described by Holt et al. (1994).The results showed that the mean temperature is 25.6±0.5oC, oxygen 4.6±1.48 (mg/l), pH= 8.05±0.5, NO2=0.06±0.01 (mg/l), NH4=0.24±0.08 (mg/l), PO4= 0.17 (mg/l). According to biometrical recording, in this study, the mean weight and length of juveniles were 5.59±3.18 and 11.4±2.9, respectively.The results showed that the mean facultative aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts in intestine were 5.59±0.92 (log CFU/g) and 6.67±0.34 (log CFU/ml) in Acipenser persicus juveniles and rearing water, respectively. Furthermore, the following bacteria determined in intestine of Persian sturgeon: Aeromonas sp, Aeromonas sorbia, Aeromonas hydrophyla, Entrobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriun. The dominant bacterium in intestine was Aeromonas sp. The bacteria in the rearing water were Aeromonas sp and Aeromonas soberia which Aeromonas sp was the dominant one.

To study parasitic infections of Caspian sea white zander (sander lucioperca) during fishing season of 1387, Zander fish was taken from south coasts of Caspian sea in Anzaly lagoons coasts and transferred lively to aquaculture research center of inner waters. The aim of investigation of Caspian Sea white zander in period of 6 months from fall to winter of 1387, was study of parasitic infections condition in zander fish as well as determination of outbreak amount, severity of infection, abundance, and index of parasitic prevalence. Fish was studied after bioassay according to common methods of autopsy. 10% formalin was used to fix parasites, zilen ethanol was used to trans parent nematodes and Carmann alom dye was used to stain other parasites. Then parasites were recognized using valid recognition keys. In present study, parasite species isolated from white zander were. Eustrongylides excises, Achtheres percarum, Trichodina sp, Dactylogyrus sp, Diplostomum spathaceum. According to results, maximum outbreak (25%), maximum average virulence (4.75±0.35 pieces), maximum average frequency (1.18±0.37 pieces) and maximum parasite number amplitude (3-7 pieces) were related to Trichodina sp. And minimum outbreak (3.12%), minimum average frequency (0.03±0 pieces), minimum average virulence (1±0 pieces) and minimum parasite number amplitude (0.1 pieces) were related to Dactylogyrus sp.Meanuwhile, it is for first time after 30 years that Achtheres perarum is introduced from white zander fish as a new lost.

In the present study, eight-week growth trials were carried out on 108 cultured beluga juveniles (mean weight 26.87±0.69 g) to study the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance and fatty acids profile in carcass. For this purpose, fish were fed three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets formulated containing 10% of added oil. The first treatment with 100% Kilka fish oil (FO) was considered as the control diet, which was substituted by 50% of vegetable oils (VOs) consisting of sunflower (25%) and soybean oils (25%) in the second treatment, and sunflower (25%) and canola oils (25%) in the third treatment. FBW in the fishes of the first treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments (P<0.05), while no significantly difference was observed in the other parameters of growth performance consisting of WG%, K, SGR, FCR, PER among different treatments (P>0.05). Amount of the carcass ash in the third treatment fishes was significantly more than the other treatments (P<0.05). Other chemical compositions of carcass, consisting of crude protein, crude fat and moisture among different treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and the ratio 18:1n-9/n-3 significantly increased in fish fed vegetable oil diets, but docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and the ratio n−3/n−6 in beluga carcass were significantly reduced by the inclusion of dietary vegetable oils (P<0.05). Generally, fatty acid composition of fish carcasses reflected the dietary FA composition, a lot. Thus based on cost effectiveness, growth and fatty acid composition, experimental diet 2 (50% FO+25% sunflower oil+25% canola oil) was considered the best diet in this study

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by species of genus Brucella. Infection is transmitted to humans from contaminated animals by direct or indirect contact. Brucellos causes heavy economic losses and healthy problems. The goal of this research has been to determine serprevalence of disease in Talesh. Data were collected by a questionnaire from 202 patients randomly in laboratory of Shahid Nourani hospital, and then blood samples were taken. Sera were separated. Rose Bengal antigen, Brucella abortus antigen and 2ME buffer were bought from (Pasteur Institute of Iran). Rose Bengal test were performed on sera of all of them. In positive cases, Wright tube and 2ME Wright test were performed for determination of the antibody titer (Wright and 2ME ³1/80 were positive). The results showed that 70 (34.65%) of cases were male, and 132 (65.34%) were female. Wright test in 5.44%, and 2ME test in 4.55% of cases were positive. Results show that seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Talesh was 4.95%, and incidence rate was 0.49%. Because of high prevalence of disease, people must use pasteurized dairies.