JOURNAL OF EARTH AND RESOURCES
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:4 (9)|Papers Count:11

Control methods using instrumentation has always faced problems like non-interpretable results or instrument failure. This is also true in direct and indirect measurement of stress in concrete. One of the most important reasons for this issue is concrete curing factors and the problems relating the conversion of stress-strain equipment behavior to concrete stress strain composite structure instruments. In this paper, an experimental sample is instrumented under controlled conditions by a pressure cell, three strain gauges and several thermometer and the results are controlled and compared through and after the curing process. In this respect, the existing evaluate of theories related to stress-strain and temperature changes during curing and study of problems and factors that affect instruments in concrete were considered.

Reserve evaluation in different mines is one of the important parameters for their designing and production planning. Datamine software is famous and applicable software in this area. In this paper, the residual reserves of Chahsorb Pb-Zn mine in Tabas are evaluated by using the software. First, geology plans of different mineralization parts in tunnels 1, 2, 4, -5 and 6 have been drawn in this mine. Next, geometric model of the deposit is constructed by using information from the residual mineralization in tunnels. Then, wireframe models have build and grade estimates and specific gravity each part of mineralization is calculated. Ore reserve of these tunnels is estimated to 45976 tons. Also, the amount of remaining Pb and Zn contents of the mineralization in the mine 2042 and 5974 are tons, respectively.

Drilling is known as the main activity in order to access to oil reservoirs and oil production. The wells often drilled in vertical direction, but in some cases drilling techniques are very dependent to different properties of geo-mechanical layers and always geo-mechanical layer's properties changes should be have Harmony with changes in Instrument tools and drilling methods.  Excavation, with different slops and azimuths passes between the geo-mechanical layers with different properties. Disproportion drilling techniques with in drilling layers that cause instability in the wellbores led to excessive costs and suspension in production operations. Therefore analysis and prediction of wellbore stability has special importance in this industry. Of effective parameters in wells instability can mention drilling wells route, direction and amount of in situ stress, the geo-mechanical properties and layer's pore pressure that cause shearing and tensional ruptures in the wellbore. Costs incurred from this instability are relatively high and only financial damage of wells instability in shale formations has been estimated 1.3 billion dollars. With regard to the costs reported above, wellbore stability recognition may be one of importance problems in drilling industry and today many of the oil companies pay much attention to wells instability studies in the design stage. In this article, types of slumps that happen in different well formations directional and vertically investigated and finally suggestions for the confrontation with instability presented.

Trends of mineralization in vein type of poly metallic deposits are demonstrated by lithogeochemical and mineralographical studies. The aim of this study is investigation of results from lithogeochemical and mineralographical studies on Kalateh-Mehran Cu vein deposit situated in Semnan. There is 8 veins within Cu higher than 5%. Investigation of geochemical correlation of elements is shown there is a good correlation among Cu, Mn, As and Hg. Mineralographical study shows high amounts of copper ore in this area. Finally Producing coefficients were calculated.

Non-sulfide Zn-Pb deposits are much considered due to less environmental pollution and low amount of energy required for processing than other sulfide deposits. The most of the deposits Hosted carbonate rocks. These deposits do not respond to the geophysical exploration methods, but methods of geochemical exploration are vastly useful. According to most experts, field study and recognizing the Zn-non-sulfides minerals contain the base of surveying for exploration of these deposits. To identify common features of geological deposits in order to reduce the extent of areas with this type of deposits compared to some of the most important Non-sulfide Zn-Pb deposits in Iran and the world. Notable thing, about the considering deposits was much dolomitization of host rocks instead of dolomite deposits. For instance, Chah-Talkh deposits of Sirjan were determined and interpreted in which Zn-Pb non-sulfide mineralization with dolomitization are directly related. Surveying the equivalent rock units in Chah-Talkh deposits (limestone of Late Cretaceous) indicate that dolomitization have not been observed in the surrounding areas were lack of mineralization.

Many granitoid intrusions display textural evidence for the interaction of Mafic and Silicic magmas during their genesis. The Akapol pluton is located in south west of Kelardasht city(central Alborz) and intruded at 56±2 Ma, into formations of Mobarak and Shemshak. The granitoid mass of Akapol is mostly composed of granite, quartz monzonite, monzonite and monzodiorite. This mass exhibits excellent evidence for magma mixing both at outcrop (mixing zones) and at thin- section (mixing textures). These textures include: rapakivi feldspars, acicular and prismatic apatite morphologies, inclusion in feldspars, calcic "spikes" in plagioclase. These texture represent magma mixing played a key role during it's evolution magma, in region under study.

Study area include a part fram Mountains, that situated between zanjan and Tarom plains. This area have been situated in Taroum 1,100000 sheet and north of Zanjan. Volcanic rocks include the surface of area. Volcanic rocks in divided into Kordkandi and Amand members, and batolitic introsive body have been in divided this area in two part, concordance with common trend of strata (NE – SE), this introsive body composite from monzonite, quartz monzonite, granite and granodiorite rocks. This area have been situated in the western Alborz from the point of view stractural geology and sedimentry basins. Advanced alteration have been observed at the around of batolitic introsive body, that consist sericitic, argillic and silliceous alteration. This alteration zones is seen within pyroclastic rocks. In this paper , several techniques in image processing of ASTER sensor are used for identification and separation of alteration zone. This method include false color composite, selective principal component analysis (crosta ) and band ratio. Comparing the result of these methods show that false color composite method are best and simple methods in separation of alteration zone in study area. Also with applying the analysis (crosta) as well as the direct data from the Tarom geological map (1:100000), produce the alteration indicator map. Matching the information was explored from data show accuracy and its efficiency by using the ASTER data from the altered area.

Studied area is located in East southern of East Azerbaijan Province and it is part of Uromie-Dokhtar Zone. Structural aspect of this region related to Mianeh zone by NW-SE trend. Lithology of this area included Eocene volcanic and pyroclastic rocks that intruded by intrusive rocks. Geochemical studies determined copper, tangstan and molybdenum abundance in 2 target Ghobagtape and Ghareaghj area that is located in NW and SE of studied area. These anomalies show relationship to intrusive and porphyry stocks. Mineralized sample show similarity to these elements that copper variation from 120 ppm to 3.6%. Surface oxidation caused iron post minerals zone especially vicinity mineralized dacite porphyry stocks. As result enrichment or supergene zone will be predicted in depth that is possible for hypo gene mineral.