Background: With respect to the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in parturients receiving iron supplementation and to determine the efficacy of iron supplementation during pregnancy the present study was conducted on parturients referring to Health Care Centers in Isfahan province in 1999. Materials and Methods: For this cross sectional study, 800 parturients with gestational age of ? 17 weeks were randomly selected through females who received perinatal care. Meanwhile, 330 employees who were working in health care centers were also randomly selected. The prevalence of anemia (Hb<11 g/dl), iron deficiency (ferritin<15 µgr/l) and iron deficiency anemia (Hb<11 g/dl), ferritin<15 µgr/l) was determined in all candidates. Then, their knowledge, attitude, and performance towards the iron supplementation were determined, meanwhile, acceptance and iron tables intake was requested and the efficacy of iron supplementation program was defined. Results: Anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia were reported in 14.2, 50.9 and 10.4% of the candidated, respectively. Poor knowledge towards iron micronutrient and iron supplementation was revealed in 48.1 and 24%, respectively. However, 49.3% had excellent attitude and 68.2% had excellent performance towards iron supplementation. Program was accepted by 70.7%. There exist a significant association between anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia with performance and acceptance of the program (P<0.05). Poor knowledge of employees towards iron micronutrient was 3% and towards iron suplementation was zero. 99% of them had excellent or good attitude towards iron supplementation. Conclusion: Despite satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and performance towards iron supplementation, there exist still a large number of females with anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia. Since females have poor knowledge of iron micronutrient, a study dealing with the efficacy of education and nutrition counseling in association with iron supplementation is highly recommended.