JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CROP SCIENCES
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

To study the effect of hydro and osmopriming on the types of tomato, a research was carried out during the years of 1386- 7 as a laboratory work and pot experiment with a factorial based and Completely Randomized Blocks in the greenhouse and laboratory of Islamic Azad University- Khoy branch. This study included the two Factors of pre- treated cultivars of pet early CH and early Urbanay.  Pre- treated factors were: water, Nacl, Kno3 and PEG solutions which were compared with the control. The results of variance analysis showed the pre- treated seed in the laboratory phase had meaningful effect on the length of the rootlet, stem for 1.14, 0.13 and dry and wet weight of stem for 9.56, 11.31 and in the greenhouse phase 42.83 for the leaf area. Under the lab conditions however the effect of pre- treated PEG had more effect on the length, wet and dry weight than other ones whereas under the greenhouse condition it didn’t have any sensitive effect on the treated qualities, and over all results indicated the positive effect of seed priming on the germination of the seedling in both phases of laboratory and greenhouse.

Energy cycle is one of the main discussions in agricultural ecosystems all over the world. Pumpkin seed is one of the important products in khoy. Familiarity with input energy level and evaluating its output from farms to reduce energy and increase efficiency in farms is very important. If the input energy level into farms could be reduced through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and labor force, in addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a significant role in preserving farm ecosystem from pollution and destructive elements. For this reason energy balance in Pumpkin seed farms as well as input and output energy in 2008- 9 was researched by distributing questionairs among farmers in various villages in khoy. Then, the input energy amounts in farms via energy-consumption factors, mentioned above, with regard to special coefficients were computed. Energy was also computed on the basis of seed function, chemical compound, and its content. In this investigation we evaluated the level of stored energy 5981297.02 kcal in each hectare. It was concluded that greatest part of energy depended on nitrate fertilizer that had 2024000 kcal and irrigation energy with 1252120 kcal and the lowest depended on pumpkin seed. The energy taken was 6910800kcal and energy efficiency on the basis of seed function was 1.15. To reduce energy on the farm and increase the balance of nitrate fertilizer, alternative farming and use pulses for biological stabilizing of nitrogen and changing kinds of fertilizers such as urea with sulphur coverage and use of sulphur fertilizer and new methods of irrigation including spray and trickle and use of compounds of water super absorbent like hydro gels and super absorbents and use of manure fertilizer to protect soil and water are recommended.

To compare the yield of 22 types of winter and one type of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in cold and temperate conditions of W. Azerbaijan (Miandoab) a field experiment was conducted on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in agricultural research station of Miandoab during 2004-5. In this study each plot contained four rows with five meters length and a space of 30 cm between them. Characters such as, plant height, number of branches, number of pods in the branch, pod length, number of seeds in pod, yield, a thousand- seed weight, harvest index, oil percentage, and oil yield were measured. The results showed that traits study between genotypes had significant difference in 1% probability level. Among the planted varieties; Milena, Dexter, Modena and ARC-5 with 4320, 4185, 4023 and 4018 kilogram per hectare had the highest yield respectively and SYN4 and Elvise with 2154 and 2350 kilogram per hectare had the lowest yield in comparison to the control (SLM046), and it was in the seventh rank between all the varieties with 3879 kilogram yield per hectare. Oil percentage of ARC-911004 Dexter and Olera with 41.50, 41.40 and 41.40 was the highest and the RG-9980 with the 38.10 had the lowest percentage. High oil yield belonged to Dexter, Milena, Modena and ARC-5 with 1723, 1673, 1628 and 1627 kilograms per hectare, and control (SLM046) with the 1554 oil yield kilograms per hectare took the seventh place, and SYN4, Elvise and Elite with the 887, 957 and 1005 kilograms per hectare had the lowest oil  yield some characteristics such as plant height, number of pods and number of seeds in pod had highly positive correlation with yield and these three characters were greater in the Milena and Dexter varieties. Therefore, these varieties, having the highest seed and oil yield, are suitable for sowing in this region.

To assess the application of zinc on the quantity and quality of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], a field experiment was conducted in Nakhjavani Agricultural Experimental station in 2006.The concentration of zinc in soil as determined by DTPA extraction, was 0.38 mg/kg. Treatments were carried out in 4 replications with completely randomized block design. In this study three main methods of zinc sulfate applications including (soil application, foliar sprays, and zinc seed treatment) were compared. Eight treatments of this experiment were (T1=control, T2=Zntreatment, T3=Znfoliar, T4=Znsoils, T5=Znt+Znf, T6=Znt+ Zns, T7=Zns+Znf and T8=Znt+Zns+Znf). In soil treatment, the application rate of zinc was 40 kg/ha that were applied in stripped lines under grains. The rate of applied zinc and foliar spray was 2 percent, and 4 in one thousand respectively. Foliar spray was used in two stages of plant growth. Results showed that there were significant differences, between treatments (p<0.01). Effect of treatments on the grain yield, oil yield, seed protein, seed zinc content, number of grain per pod, number of grain per plant, number of pod per plant, were also significant, But the mixture of soaked seeds in fertilizer was ineffective on the characters. The effects of T8 (Znt+Zns+Znf) on seed oil yield, grain yield and others were more than others, but this treatment was not significant with (T7). Also (T7) treatment produced 0.6 number of grains per pod, 38 number of grains per plant,10 number of pods per plant, 421kg/ha oil yield and 1440 kg/ha seed yield, 2 percent seed protein, 25 mg/kg  seed zinc content more than control and increased thousand grains weight about 8 percent. So based on the results of this experiment the seventh treatment is recommend.

In order to evaluate the effects of planting time and foliar micro nutrient applications on the quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower Azargol cultivar, an experiment was carried out at the Khoy Research Station in 2004- 5. This experiment was done on a split, split plot design with Randomized Complete Block arrangement in three replications. Main plot included 3 planting times (8, 23 June and 8 July), subplot was the 3 times of foliar nutrient applications (starting efflorescence, after pollination and efflorescence and pollination) and subplot was the amount of fertilizer dispersion (0, 20 and 60cc). Result of analysis of variance showed that between traits of leaf and shoot dry matter and amount of foliar micro nutrient, there was a significant difference application P£0.01 on leaf dry matter and stem dry matter. Effect of planting time was significant P£0.05 in grain yield. The highest grain yield (3657 kg/ha) showed in the first planting date (8 June), and (3250 kg/ha) grain yield showed in third planting date (8 July). Effect of foliar application time was significant P£0.05 in grain yield and highest grain yield showed (3575 kg/he) in third stage dispersion (efflorescence and pollination). And less amount was (3233 kg/ha) in pollination stage dispersion. Effect of foliar application amount was significant P£0.01 in grain and oil yield. 20cc foliar application treatment showed highest grain yield (3587 kg /ha).

To investigate the effect of density and planting patterns on the growth and yield of intercropped okra and cucumber, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications was made in 2008-9 In "Nowshar". The treatment of the planting pattern included four levels (1. cropping of mere okra or cucumber, 2. plantation of okra  within cucumber rows, 3. okra intercropped between cucumber rows and 4. okra intercropped within and between cucumber rows), and the treatment of the planting distance contained three levels (20, 30 and 40 cm). In this experiment, yield and yield component; Calcium, potassium, nitrogen and phosphor density, and the percentage of grades: (1), (2) and (3) fruits, and vegetative characteristics were measured. The results showed that increase in plant density caused an increase in yield and plant height and a decrease in fresh weight of plant, number of branches per plant, leaf area and percentage of premium fruit. The planting pattern had significant effect on the yield of okra and cucumber, so that the highest yield in the cucumber was obtained at planting okra between rows of cucumber with high density and the highest yield in the okra was obtained at planting, it between and within rows of cucumber with medium density. Based on the obtained results, planting pattern of okra between and within rows of cucumber with medium density with the highest land equivalent ratio (LER) of 2.15 and relative value total (RVT) of 1.89 as the best density and planting pattern is recommended

To evaluate effect the of chlormequat chloride growth moderator (CCC) on some quantitative charachteristics of 5 peanut genotypes under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions and determine the effect of CCC in drought tolerant cultivars, an experiment was carried out in the spring of 2008. Treatments were arranged as factorial including CCC (0, 2 and 4 mg/lit) and 5 genotypes of peanut on the basis of Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. This experiment was conducted at two irrigation regimes (drought stress and normal irrigation), separately. Results showed significant interaction between cultivars and CCC on all determined characteristics. The Maximum pod yield of 2860 kg/he was obtained from ICGV92071 and 2 mg/l CCC in normal irrigation while the maximum value of that was obtained from ICGV93420 and 4mg/l CCC in stress condition. ICGV93420 figure under drought stress conditions for both traits of ripe pod weight and number of branches and splits for non-stress conditions, performance characteristics and weight of ripe pods showed the highest value.

Potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) can usually be considered as an important criterion of labile nitrogen. Measurement of PMN is expensive and time consuming, therefore, a simpler alternation may facilitate routine laboratory analysis. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between PMN and biological index of nitrogen availability (BINA). The studied soil was previously treated with 0, 25 and 100 ton ha-1 of sewage sludge with 0, 1, 2 and 3 consecutive years of application. Soil samples were taken 6 months after the latest application from depth of 15 cm. PMN measured according to Stanford and Smith procedure (aerobic incubation for 22 weeks and leaching with intervals of every two weeks) and BINA measured as described by Bundy and Meisinger (7 days of anaerobic incubation at 40˚ C followed by extraction of NH4+). Results showed that PMN was significantly correlated with BINA (r=0.938, P<0.001) in cow manure treated plots which can be considered as a more reliable index for estimation of PMN. Our findings showed that BINA could be considered as a simple rapid method to evaluate PMN in cow manure treatment of calcareous soils.