JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CROP SCIENCES
Year:2014 | Volume:6 | Issue:22|Papers Count:11

To evaluate the effect of planting date on the yield and components of soya variety, an experiment was carried out in 1390 in Salmas. The first factor, the planting date, was assigned in four levels: Ordibehesht 25th and Tir 10th; the second factor was the cultivar in three levels: William, L17, and Zan. The measurable traits included: weight of 100-grain, number of pods in the shrub, number of grain in the pod, number of offshoots in the shrub, oil percentage and grain yield. The analysis of date variance showed that the impact of planting date on the weight of 100-grain, the number of pods in the shrub, number of grain in the pod, number of offshoots in the shrub, oil percentage and grain yield were meaningful. All the measured traits were reduced with delay in plantation, and the utmost grain yield appeared in Ordibehesht 25th plantation for 333.4g per square meter. The effect of cultivar on the tested traits, except the grain number was significant and the highest grain yield, 235.4g per square meter was allocated to Zan variety.

 Golestan province is one of the most important poles of wheat production, the 3rd, in the country. Azosprilum is one of the micro-organisms which stabilizes molecular nitrogen which in corporation with the roots of wheat and other gramineae strengthens their development. To assess the two impacts of azosprilum bacteria on the yield and its components in four genotypes of wheat in Gorgan region, an experiment was carried out in factorial, with complete random blocks in three replications in 1390 in Gorgan. The first factor (A) included four genotypes of wheat: morvarid, gonbad, N-80-90 and N-87-20; second factor (B) included two kinds of azosprilum bacteria in three levels on control (without bacteria): the first kind A.irakense 45 and second kind 11589 A. irakense. The results of the experiment showed that different genotypes of wheat had significant difference in traits like the length of peduncle, length of cluster, number of grain in cluster, weight of 100-grain, grain yield and harvest index in probable level of one percent. The highest yield was attained in morvarid cultivar with the average of 4.7tons per hectare the lowest yield was related to the cultivar of N-87-20 with the average of 3.8 tons per hectare. The treatment of azosprilum kind had the impact on traits on the number of grain in cluster, yield and percentage of protein and its consumption made statistical difference in 5% level. The inoculation of the grains with the kinds A. irakense 45 and A. irakense 11589 increased the control treatment (without inoculation) of the yield of the grain 13 and 3.8 percent respectively.

To investigate the impact of drought stress and spraying the micro-nutrients of zinc, iron and manganese on the quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower, highsun 33, an experiment was carried out in complete random blocks with three replications in 1384 in the research agricultural center of W. Azarbaijan- Khoy. The irrigation treatments included I1 (non-irrigation in the stage of pollination), I,2 complete irrigation every 8 days) I,3 (spraying in the stage of anthodium appearance) which were considered as the main factors and stages of spraying micronutrients including F1 (spraying in the stage of plate formation) F2 (spraying in the first stage of pollination) F3 (spraying in plate appearance and beginning of pollination), and F,0 (without spraying) were taken as sub-level factors. The experiments showed that the effects of irrigation and spraying had significant impact on all the studied traits like the height of the shrubs, plate's diameter, number of grains in the plate, weight of 1000-grain, biologic yield, and oil. Also mutual irrigation and spraying stages showed the highest impact on the diameter of the plate, the number of grains in the plate, grain yield, and oil. The treatment usage of I, 2 F3 and I,3 and F0 produced the highest grain and oil yield of 6.17 and 2.95 tons per hectare. The lowest, 2.16 and 1.06 tons per hectare respectively. The application of spraying reduced the impact of drought stress in most studied traits, especially grain and oil yield. It was shown that the spraying of micro-nutrients, especially in drought stress condition had remarkable role in reduction of negative effects of drought and the improvement of yield and its component in sunflower.

To investigate the impact of drought stress in different stages of wheat growth and consumption of micro-nutrients on the yield of Zarrin wheat, an experiment was carried out in factorial complete random design with four replications in Mehr 1390, on a farm in Maku vicinity. In this plan, non-irrigation in three levels ( tillering, grain filling, and non-stop irrigation) as the first factor, and the consumption of micro-nutrients in three levels (stem growth and tillering, stem growth and grain filling, tillering and grain filling ) were considered as the second factor. The results of variance analysis showed that non-irrigation had impacts on the stem height, length of cluster, grain yield, 100-grain weight, protein yield, and biologic yield with one percent probability. In all studied traits, the highest amount was allocated to continuing irrigation together with spraying of micro-nutrients in the stage of clustering plus grain filling. So as the highest yield with continuation of irrigation was 426.9g per square meter and the highest weight of 100-grain was related to the irrigation together with micro-nutrient elements spraying on the stage of clustering, grain filling which had more sensitivity than other growth stages; and the flowering stage had the highest sensitivity to lack of water.

To study the impacts of nitrogen division and time of consumption on the agricultural traits of rapeseed (okapi variety )an experiment was conducted in the factorial design mold based on complete random blocks with two factors and four replications in the farming year of 90-91 in shibloo- Poldasht. The experiment was carried out in three divisive stages of nitrogen (a1 =50%+50%, a2 = 25%+ 75%, a3+ 75%+25%) and three stages of nitrogen consumption (b1 = stem growth + flowering, b2 + stem growth + clustering, b3 = clustering + flowering) as the first and second stages. Based on the obtained results, the impact of the time of nitrogen consumption were significant on the number of cluster, grain yield, oil and harvest index. It was so that in the treatment of nitrogen consumption as 75 percent in stem growth stage, 25% in flowering stage, the traits of the length of cluster, the number of grains in cluster, the harvest index, grain and oil yield showed the highest amounts, and also the highest grain yield, 3990k.g. per hectare was obtained in this treatment. The least grain treatment, 2790k.g. per hectare was attained in the treatment of nitrogen consumption in 25% stem growth and 75% of flowering stages. Regarding the results of this assessment of the highest amount of nitrogen in stem growth and its least consumption in flowering stage can have significant impact on the economy of nitrogen consumption and reduction of the hazards of erosion.

To study the effect of bio-fertilizers of nitrogen on the yield and quality of squash seed an experiment was implemented in stripped split plot design at Firurag area, 15 km from Khoy. The first factor used was soil nitrogen resources in three levels which included 6 t/h of poultry manure, urea in 300, 150 kg p/h; second factor consumption of bio-fertilizers in 4 levels including nitroxin, fertilized phosphorus -2, nitroxin plus fertilized phosphorus -2 together with non-consumption of bio-fertilizer. The results showed that nitrogenic fertilizer had significant impact on the length of the shrub, formation of the first fruit, oil percentage and biologic yield in 5 percent probability level; and the kind of fertilizer also had meaningful effect on oil percentage, fruit diameter and 100-grain yield. The mutual impacts of two factors on the grain yield was also noticeable. Fertilizer treatments on nitroxin with 18g had the highest grain weight and lack of bio-fertilizer consumption with 16.5g had the lowest weight. The highest grain yield with 1591.9 kg per hectare was related to poultry manure treatment + nitroxin + fertilized phosphorus -2 and the lowest yield with 997.1kg per hectare was related to fertilized treatment of 150kg per hectare of urea and non-consumption treatment of bio-fertilizer. The highest oil percentage (43.5 %) was related to 150kg urea treatment together with nitroxin and the lowest percent (38.3%) to the non-consumption bio-fertilizer treatment.

 To assess the morphophysiologic traits and tolerance indexes of barley genotypes under the condition of drought stress and complementary irrigation, 107 advanced lines of barley in the mold of lattice design with two replications were investigated in the agricultural research station for dry farming in Maragheh for one year (1390-91). The attained results of the analysis of variance in the drought stress showed that in all investigated traits between the lines, except biomass weight and the time of clustering, there was significant difference in the yield. In the condition of drought stress there was the most positive correlation between grain yield and the quality of shrub number in the area unit of (r=0.72) but this trait had negative and meaningful correlation with the trait of the number of the days to get the physiologic maturity of (r=0.33). In the condition of complementary irrigation there was the highest positive and meaningful correlation between the grain yield with the number of shrubs in the area unit (r=0.71) and with the primary growth power of (r=0.63) while the grain yield had negative and meaningful correlation with the trait of the day number quality to attain physiologic state (r=0.47). The investigation of the indexes showed that in the analysis of the variance of indexes, there were significant difference between the indices except to tolerance index (TOL). Line number 20 with highest indices of STI, MP, GPM had the highest mean in the grain yield to the other lines. Based on the obtained results, this line was chosen as the most prolific and most endurant line.

Micro-nutrients are necessary elements for the plant growth, but their required amounts in comparison with the main elements like nitrogen and phosphorus are very trivial. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impacts of subsidiary fertilizer (micro-nutrients) on the quantity and quality of different masses of sugar beet. In this plan, we've used the types of sugar beet masses which were different in ploid and germineae (mono- and multi-). The seeds of different masses of sugar beet were planted in 1378 and the attained rootlets were replanted the next year in Karaj and Urmia to produce the planting seeds. The first micro-fertilizer spraying ( boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper and magnesium ) was done in 8- 12 leaf producing stage; and second spraying was carried out before the appearance of the leaves in the two regions of Karaj and Urmia. No micro-fertilizer was used in the control treatment stage. To compare the traits of quantitative and qualitative sugar beet production, the treated different grains in Karaj, Mashhad, and Urmia were assigned in complete random design with three replications and their root, sugar rate, impurities and other technological traits were implemented. Then, by using the Duncan test their mean traits were compared. Afterwards, to assign the impact of enriched environment on the different traits and their mutual impacts on environment and treatment, all the studied qualities were analyzed in a compound form. The simple variance of analytical results in Karaj and Urmia showed that there was no significant difference between fertilized and non-fertilized treatments on the root and sugar yield but these traits were meaningful in Mashhad. Also, based on the results of compound variance analysis in those three regions, all the treatments for the different traits and the mutual treatment impact in the environment were meaningful. In addition, the comparison between fertilizing and non-fertilizing treatments showed that tetraploid mass ET5 had the highest yield in root and sugar among other studied masses.

Cabbage aphid is of serious pests all over the world. It causes severe damage in rapeseed fields in Iran. Application of resistant genotype is a useful method in diminishing aphid damage. To overcome this problem, the resistance of 12 rapeseed genotypes were assessed in split plot in time based on complete blocks design under field conditions during 2011-12 in Miandoab region. Genotypes and six sampling dates were considered as the main plot and sub-plots, respectively. Evaluation of resistance susceptibility was done by using infestation index which included multiplication of infestation percentage of genotype in plots x mean of infested stem length (cm) x number of aphid peripherally of one centimeter of infested stem. Infestation began in mid May and continued to the second half of April, and its highest peak was recorded April 11th. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (p<%1) between genotypes, sampling times and interaction between genotypes and sampling times. Highest rate of infestation was recorded on genotypes RGS…3 and Bristol, and lowest infestation on Triangle, Sarigol, and Opera with > 18 and < 6 index, respectively.

To evaluate the effect of planting pattern on the performance of delayed intercropping of corn and green beans, an experiment with random complete block with five treatments in four replications was carried out in Natural Resources Research Station of Khoy in spring and summer of 2013. Treatments included planting of beans between rows of corn; beans under the corn shrubs; beans between the shrubs of corn; and pure planting of beans and corns. The results showed that plant height, corn cob length, biological yield in corn; and plant height, pod length, number of pods, biological yield and harvest index of planting green beans were significant. The highest biological yield was attained by mixture of maize and beans respectively. The highest levels of total land equivalent ratio and relative performance were obtained between the rows of corn and bean planting which represented a slight competitive or complementary modes of the components of the mixed cultures. The conclusion is that planting beans between rows of corn, was the best one in delayed planting mix.