FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:7|Papers Count:15

In the current study, effective factors on auditor's independence from the viewpoint of independent auditors and users of audit services in Iran are evaluated. To collect the required data, a Likert scale questionnaire is employed and to test the hypotheses, the ratio of social success (p) and Chi-2 (c2) tests are used. Sample of this study consists of two groups: users of audit services, including financial managers of investment firms and credit officers in banks, and audit institute partners. Several factors such as, existence of an audit committee in client’s company, auditor's economic dependence, managers' role in auditor’s appointment, determining the audit fees and NAS proved to affect auditor's independence. In respect to interviewees' perspectives, it seems that there is a significant difference between independent auditors and users of audit services (inter-groups difference), there is no such difference among users of audit services (intra-groups difference) though.

One of the main limitations and weaknesses in the traditional accounting system is the lack of intellectual capital measurement and presenting such values in companies' financial statements. Because of the importance of intellectual capital and corporate willingness to measure and report it, this article examines the relationship between intellectual capital, financial performance and market value of non-financial companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1383 to 1387. Research sample is consisted of 60 companies. In order to test the hypothesis, first required data is collected and intellectual capital based on the Public model has been calculated. Based on the correlation coefficients and regression analysis the results indicate a significant relationship between intellectual capital and market value and financial performance in non-financial companies.

Nowadays investment in companies’ stocks by individuals and institutions is on of the most favorite and common procedure of investment in the country. Therefore, acquiring accurate and timely information is a basic need for assurance of the future profitability of the investment. The companies’ managers also need a tool to transfer their information and future goals to the stockholders and investors. The main question of this study is whether by using dividends can we predict future earnings and whether the changes of the dividends size can affect the accuracy of the predicted future earnings?This paper investigates the relationship between the sizes of dividends and predict of future earnings in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2006. In this study, six hypotheses are designed. To test the research hypotheses the CKSS model and t test is used. The findings indicate that the dividend size do not affect the accuracy of the predicted future earnings.

This research examines the impacts of four specific institutional characteristics, "the extent of institutional ownership", "the extent of firm's holding real assets", "the extent of firm's investment in equities of other firms" and "the extent of firm's reliance on debt financing" on their "returns and earnings association". "Returns and earnings association" in this research means the ability of "earning price ratio" to describe the changes in "stock return per share". In this regard, we use the Iranian firm's data for a period of eight years (1380-1387). The research sample consists of 96 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange.In this research to examine the impact of the four specific institutional characteristics, four linear regression models (multi-variable) are used. The results indicate that "the extent of institutional ownership" significantly and positively affect on the strength of "returns and earnings association". Also, "the extent of firm's reliance on debt financing" significantly and inversely affect on the strength of "return and earning association". But, "the extent of firm's holding real assets" and "the extent of firm's investment in equities of other firms" don't significantly affect the strength of "returns and earnings association".

Considering the concept of bubble in the stock market, followed by financial crises resulting from bubble formation, we try to investigate the abnormal fluctuations in the price component, which is not the sole of the normal market volatility, and to prevent the creation of bubbles and bubble crises that cause irreparable damages to the stock market. The aim of this study is based on this question that whether the top 50 active companies in stock exchange market during 1389 had bubble in their stock prices during a period of 1387 to 1388? To test the research hypotheses required data collected form the Tehran stock exchange site. The results of this study indicate that over 50% of active companies had stock price bubbles.

This paper examines how corporate governance is practiced through ownership structure and how firm’s performance as well as its dividend payout policy is influenced by different ownership pattern. In doing so, this paper attempts to investigate the pattern of ownership mix and ownership concentration scenario towards ownership of management in Iran, the relationship between the ownership structure and firm performance and finally the impact of ownership structure upon firm’s dividend payout policy. An analysis has been made as evidence taking all listed non-financing firms from the Tehran Stock Exchange. There are several alternative corporate governance mechanisms, which may play an important role to improve firm’s performance. Here ownership structure has been considered as an effective tool of corporate governance. In this study, the relations between firm’s return and value with ownership variables along with firm’s specific variables controlling the industry effects have been examined. Our sample consists of non-financial corporations listed on Tehran stock exchange between 1385 and 1387.Our empirical results provide evidence that ownership structure do not has significant effect on the performance and dividend payout policy of firms. There is a positive and significant relationship between government ownership and firm's return. We also find that ownership concentration has a negative and significant relationship with firm's value, and we find that governmental and institutional ownership has positive and significant relationship with dividend payout ratio.

This research aims to investigate the effects of economic and contract factors on accounting procedures.For this purpose based, on studies in other countries, the relationship between, independent variables of economic factors, size, capital intensity, monopoly condition and the contract factors like debt ratio, with dependent variables, stocks turnover methods (FIFO, average), accounting procedures of stocks valuation (based on the lowest cost or market value) and the accounting procedures of investments valuation (cost method or market value). The required data is collected for a five- year- period, (2003-2007), of 126 listed companies in Tehran Stock Market. Hypothesizes are tested by Chi-square test and exact Fisher test.The results of this study revealed that the relationship between the economic and contract factors and accounting procedures is not significant.

Dividend payout is one of considerable information for investments. Various investments can influence on the firms performance and Dividend payout. The main question of this research is whether there is relationship between concentrated ownership (measured by 50+1 percent of stock in the hands on 2 largest shareholders) and dividend per share? The research data is collected from 35 active firms in the chemical and medical industries in the ISE during 1381-1387, Using Rahavard software and ISE site. Regression coefficients are used for testing the six research hypotheses. This research investigates the relation between concentrated ownership, institutional ownership, free cash flow (FCF), leverage, growth opportunities, firm size and DPS. The results suggest that firms with highly concentrated ownership, high institutional ownership, high FCF, low leverage, low growth opportunities and higher size have higher distributed dividend per share.