Journal of Spatial Planning
Year:2013 | Volume:17 | Issue:1 (77)|Papers Count:7

National power, as a geopolitical concept, is a consequence of a state's ability and the power which results from geopolitical weight of that country. Supplying national security and the power of diplomacy in the international place result from the national power components and geopolitical weight of that state. The increase of these factors is effective in the extension of geopolitical borders. The geopolitical border is the authority district of the main country that passes the political borders and follows the actors' competition model in the geographical space. Politicians have tried to extend the geographical space and geopolitical realms of themselves or to advance their geopolitical borders; meanwhile they are trying to decrease the authority district of their rivals and oblige them to get backward to their political border. One of the influential factors in power generation and geopolitical weight increase is nuclear energy. Access to nuclear energy as a paradigm has caused the increase and decrease of geopolitical borders of Iran and has evolved its political and geopolitical challenges in Persian Gulf that has been a function of decreasing or increasing of national power and geopolitical weight in the past half century. It seems that a wise approach to the sources of power can result in the extension of geopolitical borders and increase of Iran prestige in the international place. It may also cause changes in many political and geopolitical challenges of Iran, particularly in the Persian Gulf region.This research intends to answer to this question with a descriptive-analytic approach: whether access to nuclear energy cycle as a cause of growing geopolitical weight will cause the geopolitical borders of [ran to be extended as a solution for many of political and geopolitical challenges.

Weighting and integrating spatial information are vitally important in any analysis of the geospatial information systems (GIS). There are numerous sources of uncertainty in spatial phenomenon. Therefore, uncertainty in weighting spatial information must be considered. The purpose of this research is to construct a fuzzy knowledge base, which contains all fuzzy rules along with membership functions to integrate the uncertainty of spatial information in data integration. In the conventional design methods, the desired rules and functions are based on the experts' knowledge and experiences. However, we cannot perfectly represent the experts' knowledge by linguistic rules nor can we choose appropriate membership functions for fuzzy sets. Moreover, converting the experts' knowledge into if-then rules is difficult and often results, in incompleteness, as well as conflicting knowledge. This is due to the fact that experts cannot express all of their knowledge. These problems can be adjusted by applying techniques to construct fuzzy knowledge base from numerical input-output data. In this study, two methods of fuzzy clustering (Fe) and genetic algorithm (GA) were employed to build fuzzy knowledge base automatically. For evaluating these two methods, the two extracted knowledge bases were used for mapping the mineral potential mapping. The results indicated that the knowledge base extracted by GA with RMSE of 4 had better accuracy than that of Fe.

Religious buildings such as religious places and other holy places are very dominant perspectives of religious. Through the times, Religious pilgrimage have described as real productive of economy and as a factor for the development of services related to these areas. For that, today the religious places and tourist attractions sometimes are major supporters of the whole economy. At present, religious tourism has been considered as a way to create diversity and gets rid of economic problems by many groups and tourist authorities. Religious attractions, shrines and holy places attract many tourists every year. Residency and reception facilities of this type of tourism such as hotel and Pilgrims status depend on socio- cultural context and tenet of each country and tourists and have its special features of each country which their diversity is very high. Complexity and density of urban life led to lot of people attracted by areas with potential tourism and among them areas with cultural and religious powers are more considered. So, in order to exploit the relaxation in religious-cultural places and also enjoy natural scenes, tourism trends form. This can led to lot of social, physical economic benefits in the society. In this context, planning with strategic approach can be one of the ways to exploit these opportunities for areas with cultural and religious potentials. Among these villages Orarnan Takht, Najjar and Hjyj because of their special position have high potential of attracting religious tourists that for several reasons, optimal and sustainable use of these opportunities has not been done so far. For that field research among 300 people of residents with 30 indicative characters shows that the presence of religious tourists led to of social, economic and physical consequences with higher emphasis on social dimension. Research also shows that a strategic approach based on SWOT model is necessary to strengthen and develop religious tourism in the study area, a competitive strategy as a package for policy and strategic planning and management of religious tourism is considered fact.

Despite the benefits such as the use of clean fuel, the independence of the urban road network and high capacity in handling passengers, in some cases, due to inappropriate places of stations, the metro network is not efficient. Therefore, it is essential to plan the location of metro stations and networks, as the most important public transportation vehicle and also the most expensive ones (from the perspective of establishing and setting up), using of modern science and technology. This research proposes a methodology, including using geographic information system (GIS), to evaluate the initial plan, identifying the influential criteria in locating the metro stations, utilizing analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of criteria, identifying the metro stations that require modifying the location, proposing a number of options to change the current position of the unsuitable metro stations and ultimately using of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPS IS) model for choosing the best option. The proposed method was able to accurately evaluate the current situation of the metro stations planned for line-3 in Tehran city. The final output of this research demonstrates improvement of the metro network based on modification of the position of stations with low suitability and also the route passing through them.

Iran produces 95 percent of saffron in the world. The major productions of this product are in Khorasan and Fars provinces. However, because of nonsufficient marketing and advertising methods and also strong competitors in the world, Iran could not be successful in saffron marketing. Export of saffron without brand, unusual tariff and the existence of middlemen in the marketing process are the other issues in saffron marketing. So a research was conducted in Estahban county of Fars province in order to develop appropriate communication models to empower saffron producers in marketing. Shaffer's formula was used to choose the study sample with 90 saffron producers. Data were gathered through observation, in-depth interviewing and survey methods. A panel of four experts verified face validity and a pilot study was used to assess the reliability of the measuring instrument. The result revealed the clear differences between women and men saffron producers. So it is strongly recommended separate to design communication models for each group. Therefore, two communication models were developed to empower the target groups in reaching the optimum marketing for saffron product in Estahban.

The evolution of culture and civilization in societies accompanied with a monotonous speed over the past years. These changes sometimes were caused by natural or unnatural events. With the social and technological developments, the communities became more expanded and people face the; world in which a new sense of culture has been provided. Nowadays individual people confront with the global village and the world has become smaller due to global growth and development. In this global village, individuals don't have any deep relations like the ancient times. Industrial revolution and capitalism led to the rapid growth of cities, bureaucracy, modern technology developments and the formation of governments and nations. By the advent of modernization, new attitudes and values in accord with the developmental process have been evolved. As is clear, this route of modernity has been derived from the heart of western societies and developed from special economic conditions. At first, this category was not considered remarkably but its importance and priority has been proved gradually. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of modernity in rural areas' cultural changes. The scope of' our study was confined to 10 villages in rural districts of Shohada Behshahr. Research method was analytical-descriptive and data were collected documentarily by means of a questionnaire based on Likert scale. Research questions were also analyzed through SPPS software. Considering obtained results and the SlG value lower than alpha level (0.5), it can be inferred that there is a significant relationship between modernity and cultural changes in these societies. Most of the changes have been observed in the villages of Kolia and Gatcheshmeh whereas the changes in rural areas of Piteno and Sorkhgeriveh were not remarkable.

The importance and the role of green space in the urban life and its sustainability, as well as its environmental impacts in urban system and the different ecological, economic and social returns are undeniable. So that the measurement and management of urban green spaces per capita is one of the major issues, wich should be considered in urban planning and management. This paper presents a new model for the measurement of urban green space per capita in district 6 of Tehran municipality. The framework consists of two main parts: calculation of the network distance and the attraction of green spaces based on geographic information system. Instead of Euclidean distance, We used Network analysis that seems real. The results showed unbalanced distribution of urban green spaces in the district 6, and it is a necessity that urban management Planners attempt to increase its per capita to the standard level. This model can also help in monitoring, analysis and improvement of green spaces per capita to urban managers and planners.