Journal of Spatial Planning
Year:2012 | Volume:16 | Issue:3 (75)|Papers Count:7

Location finding is considered as an NP-Hard problem, in which the complexity and volume of computations due to larger numbers of demand points and service centers are exponentially increased. To overcome such complexities meta-heuristic algorithms are usually used. These methods usually produce answers close enough to the optimum solution in acceptable time. In this research three Meta heuristic algorithms of Tabu Search (TS),Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) are used to optimize the location of fire fighting station and allocating urban blocks to them. The mentioned Meta heuristic methods are evaluated and compared with respect to time scale, the value of objective function, number of iteration and coverage of the study area. Different scenarios are developed, based on the number of iterations and the initial population for the genetic method. Similarly, different scenarios are developed for annealing method based on the number of repetitions of the same movements and temperature. The Tabu Search method has the maximum time of computation and minimum value of objective function, among the Meta heuristic methods. In addition, the sites selected by Tabu Search provide the best coverage in the area studied. In simulated annealing method, the solution ideas are produced when the number of iteration is larger than the size of the problem. The achieved results, in second scenario of simulated annealing method, have proved the correctness of this claim. It could be concluded that the simulated annealing method can be a suitable method when quick time results are required. When both quality of solutions and performance are to be considered, the genetic algorithm can be a proper choice. Finally, when there is no time limitation, the Tabu Search can generate the best results.

To reduce the vulnerability of cities in relation to earthquake we should know why and how vulnerabilities exist and concentrate in specific spaces, among specific groups and people. So the main question of this research formed as: “how we can explain the vulnerability of socio-spatial Concentration of Tehran metropolis in relation to the earthquake hazard”? To explain the theory, the theoretical literature review shows three views: bio-physical, social structure and synthetic. In order to form the theoretical framework the following hypotheses presented: 1) Changing vulnerability degree to earthquake hazard relates to segregation and dwelling of different households in various neighborhoods; 2) the increase of socio-economic status results the decrease of vulnerability degree.For experimental judgment, correlation and causal-comparative methods, field data collecting and quantitative analyzing methods applied. One-way analysis of variance showed that the average of socio-economical status and the average of vulnerability in 4 neighborhoods differ significantly. According to multiple regressions, 88 percent of household vulnerability degree differences are explained by linear combination of socio-economical status and neighborhood variables. Thereafter, a strategic framework and necessary guidelines offered based on the results.

Land subsidence is morphological phenomena usually happen due to down wise land movements. It also can causedue to natural elements or human activates which is occurred in many part of Iran as well as study area mainly due to human activities such heavy exploration of groundwater. As the study area located in a desert part of Iran, the life and economics activities are strongly depended to availability of groundwater. Focusing water supplying for several economic activities such as agricultures and industries along with drink water supplying to the groundwater cased annual water level declination of 1.2 miters in area. This was caused land subsidence phenomena in sediment part of area. The present research deals with lands subsidenceassess ment and mapping over the Nogh-Bahrarnan Plain based on DcInSAR techniques. In other to extract and masseurs the land subsidence rats and area involved, the set of ASAR C band and Palsar L band SAR data has been processed during the years of 2005- 2010. The result show high rate of land subsidence (30 cm/ y) in wide area of 28lkm2 located in central part of plain. It is observed that no seasonal and annual land subsidence rate changing found to exist in area. This is because of stability of cause factors due to permanent agricultureactivities (Pistachio garden). However, the area involve with maximum rate of land subsidence has been change from central east pert in spring and summer seasons to south west part in autumn and winter seasons. superimposing settlement and infrastructure distribution mapwith land subsidence map of area was shown most part of settlement areas are located out of area involved withland subsidence which the cultivated area are totally settle over the subsidence area. It is also observed that the 3.2 cm of water level declination in area can consequence 1 cm land subsidence.

The purpose of this paper is a synoptic survey on forest burning in Guilan and Golestan provinces. In this regard, daily data of forest burning including: fire catching day, fire districts and fire areas have been received from natural resources organization in each province and also daily meteorological data have been obtained from national meteorological organization in periods of 2005-2007.1n this research, six stations on the Caspian Sea coastal area and six stations in the south of Alborz Mountains are used to determine and compare the climate data. The synoptic analysis also performed by using NOOA air map on 00 and 12 for 4 levels including: 1000, 850, 700 and 500 hpa. The U & V components were calculated and analyzed in the mentioned levels. The results show that fire phenomena occur simultaneously when the presence of an upper level axis center is on east of Mediterranean Sea over the turkey and Iraq. Precipitation on western slopes of Talesh Mountains and southern slopes of Alborz Mountains occurs but in eastern slopes of Talesh Mountains and northern slopes of Alborz Mountains causes a hot and dry wind that could be the main reason of the forest fire in the studied area.

Now- a -days, urban crisis planning and management is a considerable point in urban issues. Various human crisis occurrence in metropolitans and cities around the world and needs for planning and management of these crisis have made urban managers to research and study in this field completely. Sometimes, human crisis such as urban riots and unrests occur in cities and metropolitans and some damages and injuries take place as the results of them such as public property destruction, vandalism and rubbery, which cause insecurity in cities and its management needs to have proper strategies. Existing 8 marching paths in Isfahan, a city with great amount of population and hosting tourists can be subject of any probable crisis. Crisis occurrence in these paths not only causes great financial damages and deaths, but also gatherings in these paths may reduce efficiency of the crisis management agencies. Hypothesis of the research is: marching paths of Isfahan are exposed to vulnerabilities due to density of population in limited areas. Field observations, special distribution of land-uses in GIS maps and researcher’s calculations indicate that path number 5, 6, and 8 have the most vulnerability. The efficiency of crisis management agencies will be reduced during crisis and this reduction is more evident in first and third path. So instead of high vulnerable paths, new paths have been suggested and for the other paths suitable management strategies have been offered to reduce damages and losses.

The presence of the glacier forms in the mountains indicates the function of the glacier processes in developing of the earth surface forms. One of them is Glacier circuses.The subject matter of this research is the circuses formation on the slopes of Oshtorankuh and the differences between the evolution and development degrees influenced by the morphology of the slopes.The raw data were provided by using of the ETM+ images, aerial pictures, geological and topographical maps and field study. Then, was processed in Google Earth, ARC GIS, Auto Cad and Erdas Imaging Software and as results the necessary information were obtained.The analyzing method of this research is correlation and the data was analyzed by using SPSS Software and calculating correlation and regression. It was proved that there is highest correlation with evolution of circuses in the southern slope (18 circuses) which arc related to the directional variables. (The azimuth of the western crest of circuses is-0.71, Talweg azimuth -0.63 and the height of main peak 0.63). While the effective factors in the northern slope (24 circuses) are mainly altitude variables (The average height of the western axle 0.74, the average height of the eastern axle 0.65, the height of the main peak 0.64). The analysis of regression determines “the average height of the western crest” in the northern slopes and “the western crest azimuth of circuses” in thesouthern slopes as the evolution factors. The above relations are because of the influence of the morphology of the slopes.

Today, tourism as one of the economic resources, particularly in countries with historical and cultural background is very interesting. The development of computer based systems in order to represent the information suitable to the tastes of the tourism centers users has become increasingly widespread. Choosing the best location and determining the best path to the selected locations are the main purpose of tourism planning systems. Although various systems for tourism planning are available, some of them have considered users preferences, such as the travel path and time management in their proposed plans. The aim of this research is to introduce the design and implementation of a Web GIS recommender system for tourism planning in order to tackle with inadequacies. This paper, at first has focused on various methods regarding to system design, then by considering cold-start problem, a suitable solution has offered to new users. In this study, a prototype Web based GIS recommendation system for Tourism planning (irangardeshgar.ir) is developed and implemented using PHP&AJAX and C-panel tools to evaluate the system's functionality and flexibility. Google map APIs provides a suitable and dynamic graphic interface for presenting the proposed tourism plan. Designed system is implemented for Yazd province and the characteristics of tourist places were evaluated by tourism experts.