JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY
Year:2014 | Volume:5 | Issue:20|Papers Count:10

This paper presents distribution of phosphorus (P) (total P, organic and inorganic P) and parameters related to their releasing to the water column in the southern of the Caspian Sea. 36 samples of surface sediments (with triplicate) were collected from four sampling stations namely Anzali, Tonekabon, Noshahr and Amirabad at depths of 5, 10, 20 m during summer 2013. Several forms of the phosphorus in sediment were separated and extracted according to sequential extraction method. In the other hand, the concentration of Al, Fe and Ca and some parameters like Eh, EC and pH were measured for finding their relation with phosphorus releasing. Results showed that the most abundant forms of phosphorus were Ca-P (96.02%) and loosely-P(0.19%) has the lowest amount. Inabundances of different forms of phosphorus follow the order: Ca-P>Org-P>Fe-P>Al-P>Loosely-P. In conclusion, the high amount of pH in sediment and anaerobic condition (Eh<0) release the Fe bound P (2.7%) and loosely bound P to water column.

The antioxidant activity of four samples of Caulerpa sertularioides farlowii from northern coasts of the Persian Gulf was evaluated. The seaweed samples were collected from four stations including Bandargah, Halileh, Dayyer and Nayband gulf along the coasts of Bushehr province from December 2010 until March 2012. Methanolic extracts of the seaweeds were assessed for their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay with determining the IC50 of each extract. Total phenolics was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and flavonoid content was evaluated by colorimetric method. Gallic acid and rutin were used for calibration curves. All samples showed antioxidant activity, phenolics and flavonoid contents to various degrees which were significantly different. The highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 value, the highest contents of the phenolics and flavonoids contents were found in the extract of Caulerpa sertularioides sample collected from Dayyer (Dec 2010) and the lowest one was found in the extract of the sample collected from Nyband (Mar 2012). The phenolics and flavonoid contents showed positive correlations with DPPH radical scavenging activity (p<0.01). Besides, there was a positive correlation between total phenolics and flavonoid content of the extracts (p<0.01). However, it seems that any variation in sea water parameters including human made pollution or weather changing can influence on antioxidative properties of seaweeds.

Dinoflagellate is one of the most important groups of phytoplankton which produces cyst in their life history and also under unfavorable environmental conditions. Cyst in sediments has a major role in leading and blooming of different species of phytoplankton. In this study, sediment samples were taken from Chabahar bay in September 2013. The cyst abundance in station 4on based ecological indexes of dominance, richness and diversity of species. As a result, 23 cysts species belonging to 7 genera of dinoflagellate were identified. Scrippsiellawas the most abundantgenus and Alexandrium and Dubridinium had the leas density. The species abundance showed significant difference in stations based on one way analysis variance. In this study sediments grain size and total organic matter were determined. According to our findings, the rate of total organic matters (TOM) in sediment had a direct effect on abundance and distribution ofdinoflagellate, as there is a positive correlation between the TOM with distribution and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts. The highest cysts abundance 2399 number in 100 gram sediment was observed in station 3. This station had also the highest number of organic substances. The index rate of species richness and the diversity in station 3 were 2.31 and 4.13, more than the other stations. Totally, this research gives us useful information about potential of harmful algae bloom in the study area.

The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of the Caspian Sea wild carp, farmed wild carp and farmed carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture) (p>0.05). However, ash contant was significantly higher in wild carp compared with farmed wild carp. There were not significantly differences of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, w-3, w-6, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA between farmed wild carp and farmed carp. But following determination of fatty acid profiles in the Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp, fatty acid compositions in three groups of fish were found to be significantly different in terms of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, w-3, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA. PUFA, w-3, w-6, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA were significantly higher in the Caspian Sea wild carp. Considering exceeding PUFA/SFA and w-3/w-6 ratios in Caspian Sea wild carp, farmed wild carp and farmed carp, all fishes were considered invaluable fisheries and nutritional resources. It is noteworthy that Caspian Sea wild carp is more nutritious than farmed counterparts thank to its higher rates of PUFA, w-3, EPA+DHA, w-3/w-6 and PUFA/SFA.

Considering the significance of sturgeon rearing and producing the meat and caviar which are one of the most development programs in aquaculture, it is necessary to investigate on hygiene condition of rearing environment to gather information about current rearing condition and to adopt the best method for prevention of disease and treatment in sturgeon. In this study, skin, gills, water and kidney bacteriaflora before transferring the farmed Huso huso (with average weight 103.45± 27.5 gr) and after transferring to the cage were determined in fish washed with saline (0.85% NaCl) in the laboratory under sterile conditions since 2011 to 2012. In order to count the CFU (colony forming unit), 1 square centimeter of skin, and 1 gram of fish gill were removed and washed for preparing of a homogeneous solutions of the decimal dilutions. In order to cultivate the kidney, the ventral surface of fish, disinfected and then the body aseptically opened for kidney sampling. Primary cultured on bacteriological medium was TSA. In addition to purification and identification of bacteria using standard bacterial identification, API 20E kit was used. Bacterial investigation results showed that total bacteria in rearing water tanks, fish gills and skin were 5.80-5.84 Log cfuml-1, 3.28-3.41cfug-1 and 5.36-5.58 cfu (cm2)-1, respectively. The range of bacterial count in sea water, skin and gill were 3.97-5.92 Log cfuml-1, 3.74-5.41 cfu (cm2)-1 and 2.01-3.40 cfug-1, respectively. Before and after releasing fish, isolated bacteria from fish and rearing water were included Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Staphylococcus, Halomunas sp. and Shewanella sp.

Today, along with the development of sturgeon farming in the country, the need for attention to the health of aquatic animals and the use of substances of natural origin are considered essential in the fight against pathogens. This study carried out to determine LC96h for hydro alcoholic extracts of Zataria multiflora on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings for future application studies. Fingerlings were 3.22±0.51g in weight and 9.17±0.65cm in total length. In order to study the effects of these extracts, 240 fingerlings selected in 7 treatments and one control group (3 replications for each treatment) was used. During the experiment the temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, electric conductivity and water hardness were measured throughout the study. This experiment conducted according to O.E.C.D method for 96h period. So, using Probit Analysis, the linear regression equation drawn, then different lethal concentrations measured. In this survey according to Probit Analysis, LC10, LC50 and LC90 for hydro alcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora was 431.12, 766.65, 1363.64 mg/l, respectively. Differential counts of white blood cells indicated a significant difference in the amount of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils between treatments and control group (p<0.05).

The aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture in muscle of Acanthopagrus latus, Cynoglossus arel and Epinephelus coioides from Persian Gulf, 2013. 45 samples of fishes were prepared. Data were analyzed with SPSS17 software in terms of ANOVA, which determine exist or non-exist of the significant difference in level 95 precent (P=0.05). In this study between of protein and carbohydrate in muscle of Acanthopagrus latus, Cynoglossus arel and Epinephelus coioides significance different (P<0.05), but concentration of lipid and ash no significant difference (P>0.05). Also moisture in muscle of two species Acanthopagrus latus and Cynoglossus arel no significant difference (P>0.05). Fiber was not detected in three fishes. The comparison of chemical composition in three species, showed the highest of protein and lipid observed in muscle of Cynoglossus arel. Also the highest of moisture and carbohydrate determined in muscle of Epinephelus coioides.

This study aimed to comparison of morphometric characteristics of otolith in Rachycentron canadum, Arius dussumieri, Arius thalassinus, Drepane longimana and Drepane punctata of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from September 2011 to December 2012. During this period 216 specimens was cut and studied. Trawling time was 2-2 1/2 hours and trawling depth was considered as 10-100 m daily. Catching and sampling operations was done within 24 hours. Sampling and catching was done in Khuzestan to Sistan and Baluchistan waters. All the fish were identified and their otolith was extracted to verify them. Investigation of otolith morphometric characteristics (length, breadth, weight, perimeter and area) was conducted. Data indicated correlation between most of the parameters in most of species. This shows significantly different between otolith width and otolith weight in all species (p<0.05). Otolith perimeter, otolith length and otolith high had significantly different (p<0.05) in A. thalassinus and A. dussumieri but not in D. punctata, D. longimana and R. canadum (p>0.05). Otolith area showed significant difference in R. canadum, A. thalassinus and A. dussumieri (p<0.05)but not in D. punctata, D. longimana (p>0.05).This study indicated that the particular characteristics of Sagitta are useful in identification of these species.