JOURNAL OF WETLAND ECOBIOLOGY
Year:2015 | Volume:7 | Issue:25|Papers Count:11

Tourism is the phenomenon of the distant past of human societies. According to the different needs of social and economic dynamism and growth of the industry in the country has continued its strategy requires proper planning and effective management. The aims to develop a strategic plan for ecotourism in Dez dam Lake was conducted in 2013-2014.For this purpose, the first step is to identify internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were examined. Then internal and external, with circumstance, internal factors evaluation tables (IFE) and assess external factors (EFE) were scored and weighted. For weighting internal and external to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Super decision software was used. IFE matrix with a score of 2.793 indicates that the development of ecotourism Dez Lake has more strengths than weaknesses and EFE points to 2.582, indicating there are more opportunities than threats. The results indicated that the area under study to develop ecotourism in the table in terms of offensive strategic plan (strategy SO) is based on the analysis QSPM, strategy (SO2) introduces the potential of the tourism for the capital increase of Dez dam public and private sectors with a score of 2.028 was considered the best strategy to implement an aggressive strategy. According to Freeman matrix, based on the priorities of economic, social, cultural and ecological study area and after completion of loading of each of the options developed, optimized and targeted strategy to take advantage of the incentive for people to engage with the local communities and NGO's responsible tourism, nature tourism and tips to attract domestic and foreign tourists with 90+ survey rated as the most important strategy for ecotourism development in the study area was proposed. Finally, according to area capabilities and potentials for ecotourism, to aim implement the each management strategy for sustainable development requires a planning, monitoring and continuous support.To achieve the goals of tourism development in Dez Dam, trying to attract the cooperation of public and private agencies and organizations related to the nature area is recommended.

The identification and density of Rotatoria of the Anzali wetland and estuary region of Caspian Sea was studied for a period of seven months with an interval period of 45 days periods from February 2010 to September 2011.Five sampling stations were selected for this study, three stations in the Anzali wetland, one station in the estuary region, and another station in the Caspian Sea. Sampling was done with using Polica pipe and suction system for 30 liters and filtering it by plankton net with 30 micron mesh size. The results showed that thirty geneses identified from phylum of Rotartoria that three genus Brachionus, Keratella and Polyarthra were dominant and this result showed eutrophic conditions of the Anzali wetland.It is evident from this study that maximum numbers of the phylum Rotifera were seen in entrance western basin station with 757 numbers in liter and Sorkhankol station with 749 numbers in liter. Results of this study showed that number of two phylum of Rotatoria in February were higher than those in other months; this number was 497 numbers in liter. Also the highest density of Rotatoria to compare with estuary region and Caspian Sea was in the Anzali wetland, after that density in the estuary region was higher than Caspian Sea. The lowest density was in the Caspian Sea. Statistical analysis showed that average density of phylum of Rotatoria in different stations had meaningful differences. Relation between chemical-physics parameters and density of Rotatoria showed that increase dissolves oxygen and pH and water temperature caused increase density of them and increase salinity caused decrease density of them.

Due to the important values of Sefidroud as the most important and valuable drinking water source, agriculture, and aquatic environment in Guilan province, the study of water quality of this river is necessary. This research has been done with the purpose of studying the quality and the potential for self-purification of this river in Roudbar and also its quality status for drinking water, hygiene and agriculture. For this purpose, the water quality changes during the months of February, 2013 to January, 2014 (12 months) has been measured in four different stations along the river. The total number of 48 samples has been taken monthly.After the analysis of the obtained data and the calculation of the water index, the best water quality index in the discharging station of Sefidroud Dam has been observed in February with the amount of 84 and the worst water quality index was 58 in Ganje Station in October. The mean of WQI in Sefidroud in studied area was 69.19, which was in the mid-range. Also, from the discharging station to the station near the Tarik Dam, a visible quality loss was observed due to entering a high amount of different types of sewage into the water. This actually makes this water inappropriate for drinking and agriculture. The river has lost its potential for self-purification in downstream stations and also has increased its pollution.

The aim of this investigatin is study of some biological and physico-chemical parameters of the river water into the Anzali wetland and comparison with international standards. The Samples collected in the summer and fall of 1390 and conducted monthly. Heterotrophic microorganisms were isolated in plate count agar, enterococci in kf agar and coliforms and E. coli in Chromagar ECC agar and Maccangi agar. After 48 to 72 hours of incubation at 30 ° C were identified and counted. Water physicochemical parameters were also studied and noted. Most of the logarithmic mean change in total bacteria (7.07 cfu / ml), total coliform (6.537 cfu / ml), fecal coliforms (4.96 cfu / ml) and fecal streptococci (3.649 cfu / ml) at station No.6 (river Pir Bazar) was in summer (P<0.05). In this study, NO2 mg / l range in the water stations were higher than the EPA standard limits but NO3mg / l, NH4mg / l and PO4mg / l ranges were acceptable range. The Coliform bacteria and Fecal coliform and Enterococci at many stations the standard was very high and higher than allowed. Temperature rise, urban populations grow near the Lagoon and domestic wastewater, urban and industrial pollution load in the wetland are the main reasons for microbial increase.

Wetlands provide many values including flood prevention, water quality and wildlife habitat protection and soil erosion control. Detection of Changes in wetland is one of the basic requirements in management and assessment of natural resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare changes of the Shadegan International Wetland over the past two decades. Therefore, changes trend in the wetland and different phenomena with associated to it have been studied by Landsat images in Software Environment ENVI (4.7) using supervised classification and similarity algorithm methods over a 24 years period (2013-1990). Results show that the wetland area has decreased 8.5 percent during the 1990 to 2003 and 6.5 percent increase can be seen in the vegetation area of wetland from 2003 to 2013 Because of entering pollution load due to drainage water from agricultural and industrial units and outbreak of eutrophication. In this context, it is recommended preventing the entry of pollutants and ensuring water quality of Shadegan wetland by legislation property standards for water quality of the wetland.

The objective of this study, which took place in the year 2014 is the analysis of using Ziziphus sawdust as a cheap adsorbent for the removal of cadmium from effluents. The experiments were conducted in batch system and the effect of pH, the amount of adsorbent, contact time and the initial concentration of cadmium were examined. The most common isotherms and kinetics of adsorption were applied to analyze cadmium adsorption and the reaction rate; also the morphological characteristics of Ziziphus sawdust were determined before and after the separation process by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the results, the maximum efficiency of cadmium adsorption was 98.33% which was obtained in pH of 5 and contact time of 30 minutes and 10 g/L of adsorbent. With the increase of initial concentration of cadmium, the amount of the adsorbed metal increased, but the removal percentage decreased. Langmuir isotherm showed the highest consistency. The analysis of kinetic indicated that cadmium adsorption is consistent with the second-degree kinetic adsorption model (R2=1). According to the high efficiency of cadmium removal by the sawdust of Ziziphus, this method can be used as an efficient and cheap way for the removal of cadmium.

Wetlands are considered one of the most important and most sensitive ecosystems due to their unique features. However, due to their systematic structure any change in the environmental conditions, particularly in climate and land use, changes the wetlands. In the last few decades, wetlands of Iran are being destructed due to the occurrences of droughts and human interference. Hashilan Wetland, which is located in Kermanshah, is a unique wetland and has been cited as a geographical irony in the literature. Its water is supplied by the Karstic aquifers of Khourin Mountains. In this research, raining data, recharge data, topographic maps, were used. This research aims at evaluating the effects of short-term droughts on the Hashilan wetland, and identifying the causation of its high vulnerability to short-term droughts. In this respect, first the 2007 year was chosen acute drought year using SPI, and the Landsat satellite images of years before after the drought year (2006 and 2008) in the period of water shortage were chosen. Visual change detection approach and NDVI in the respected years were used for the estimating the rate of change for the wetland surface due to drought. Results indicate that the extention of wetland has decreased by %47 with respect to previous year. The investigation of the Karst geomorphology of the region and hydrological conditions of the Karstic spring indicated the developed nature of the Karstic aquifers of the region, the low storage dynamic volume, and their short existence. The type of spring water of Sabzali is bicarbonate and has a Karstic origin. The main reason for the high sensitivity of the Hashilan wetland to drought is the developed nature of the Karstic geomorphology and Karstic system of wetlands’ feeding aquifers. These Kartic aquifers are sensitive due to the dominant conduit flow, low storage dynamic volume, and short-term existence against the reduced level of raining.

In this study the acute toxicity of herbicide, Atrazine, in four native fish of Khouzestan province including: Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Torgrypus, Luciobarbus esocinus and Luciobarbus xanthopterus were evaluated. For this purpose the "Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development" OECD method were used. Briefly each fish species were exposed to eight serial concentration of atrazine in triplicates (total of 24 aquariums) for 94 hours. Fish mortality were recorded daily in each concentration and data analysed with Probit software. Results showed that atrazine is toxic for all treated fish and its toxicity increased along with atrazine concentration as well as extension of exposure duration. The sensitivity of four tested fish to atrazine were significantly different (P<0.05).The lowest toxicity of atrazine, were seen in L. esocinus (96h LC50=142±21mg l-1) which means this species possess the highest resistance to atrazinetoxicity. M. sharpeyi and T.grypus showed similar and moderate resistance to atrazinetoxicity with 96h LC50 equal to 60±11 and 65±14 mg l-1 respectively. L. esocinus showed the highest resistance to atrazine toxicity (96h LC50=9±3 mg l-1). According to these results it can be concluded that atrazine toxicity were significantly different in four native fish in spite of their systematically very near relation. As L. esocinus showed the highest resistance to atrazine toxicity, this species has priority over other native species of Khouzestan province in restocking and artificial reproduction programs.