GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF CHASHMANDAZ-E-ZAGROS
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:7|Papers Count:12

The purpose of this article is to use one of the statistic models in geography science that has been used to explain social and economical service gradation condition with due regard to population at all over the cities of lorestan in june/sharivar scologram model can be used as the best tool for development model analysis of lorestan zone-at the social and aconomical services compane to other models. The most important indexes of lorestans cities have been used at different parts of economics that was published by lorestan statistic center. We tried to show scologram model bases with practical steps of research explanation. Study showed that distribution gradation of Social-economical servies are moring differently with population level gradation in cities of lorestan.

Rapid and multilateral development of Karaj as a metropolitan in recent decades and lack of sufficient opportunity in organizing of city textures and providing suitable substructures of city gas led to undesirable and effective consequences in increasing city and regional space and un effective walfave of citizens According to attention and investigation of risk is an important subject. Basically risks in the form of evident and potential risks are classified and are explained with two basic characteristics of probability and consequences. Considering this two indices many of evident risks are regarded in calculations while forbearance of potential risks in a collection may change risk estimation general process. The objective of present study is presenting procedures that in the first stage by means of methods potential risks as a result of natural risk in city district by emphasis on passages network can be recognized, and then in second stage and in order to analysis of hidden risks basic components be determined exhaled. In this present regard study by presenting a general structure and major indices of an area of district 4 of Karaj, operation strategies considering consequences of application have been suggested.

Ahar located at the northwestern of IRAN, Eastern Azarbaijan Province and its geogeraphical matrix is northern width of 38 dergee, 18 minutes to 39 degree. this region is a semiarid and cold continent. special topographical situation of this region, crinkle heights, deep and narrow valleys, hilly lands and mountains are the major factors effective on transmittal of civil and rural population hubs. this factors restricted the agricultural development of this region, as well as provide abilities for tourism in this region, on the other hand, due to natural resources and mineral mines, high bio-ecological abilities such as having abundant water sources and plants, has much ability for development in this fields. Through management and planning may be stipulated the development of this city. from the view of which 63.8% are farmlands and 36.2% are highland villages. surveying of historical earthquake as of this region shows that there are active and inactive and inactive faults in the region that avoids from growth of population and economic structures. surveying the mutations of employed persons in the city in separation of activity type indicates that there has been created 3737 new jobs in the city in service sector of which 3200 jobs related to the agricultural, constructional and other employed rate was fixed. the foregoing mutations may be considered as centralization of this region that is a center for providing administrative and commercial services for ahar rural regions.in this regions.in this research, we survey the role of natural factors in development of this region and transmittal of population and activity hubs.

With the arrival of capitalism to the extreme changes in production practices, transportation, urban construction and household size, and... Took place that caused the crisis in the construction of the physical city. Along with the development of physical and structural changes in Iranian cities, creating a new order in the functional subdivisions of complete collapse occurred and the neighborhood was formed. Incompetence worn tissue is consistent with the new requirements that will enter the most pressure to these tissues. It just should not interfere in the tissues of the body, so is the reconstruction of destroyed and re-build. Involvement in these tissues do not merely must be of the type of actions of the so-called reconstruction of skeletal, destruction and re-build. In many fields, collaborative action and texture improvement and with people living in the very desirable and sustainability the way offers that can be taken during a short period. The city of Qom to having approximately 1,074 acres historic context and worn out one of the cities clearly with considerable Burnout issue and residential context around the great mosque in Qom, to a special position and also because of the effect on the scope of the Central and historic city of Qom and a case example for Burnout as the managing and planning. This scope according to everyday situations! and market access, the Centre of town, the shrine of Hazrat Imam zade and masoomeh there,... In the field of rehabilitation and renovation of worn out tissues in terms of economic and urban development of the balanced development in order to justify the high insulation and sustainable city of Qom. Since the existing issues in the context of worn Merely skeletal and includes economic, social and cultural aspects as well, and its economic and social aspects as well as the more full color Of side skeletal was therefore for the elimination or reduction of the problems of this area to a multidimensional and comprehensive vision based on economic, social and skeletal needs.

The occurrence of Natural disasters, especially earthquakes in urban environments, which caused a pernicious effects that socioeconomic factors such as population distribution and its density in different age groups in different urban areas, quality of housing, employment, education and the disabled...) can be very high role in increasing or decreasing in earthquake damaging effects. Due to locating Khoramdareh city in the Earthquake-prone areas and near to Soltanieh fault in west and Zanjan province North fault north has been increased vulnerability to earthquakes. In this paper with considering socioeconomic factors involved in the decrease or increase earthquake effects in four indicators including population, housing, socioeconomic and physical distance to necessary land use and avoiding from high-risk land use social vulnerability on earthquakes has been assessment in Khoramdareh city. In this study, the AHP model has been used for social vulnerability assessment and finally vulnerable urban areas have been identified in Khoramdareh city. The results of this study show that 12.58% had high vulnerability, 9.93% with very low vulnerability.

One of the major problems related to natural disasters such as earthquakes is compensation for following damages. Among the various methods of compensation, earthquake insurance is are as on able strategy. Earthquake insurance in addition to the compensation of damages caused by the earthquake is an effective factor for the proper and safe construction. Lack of efficient and optimal insurance protection and other factors in this country has led to situation in which accidents are compensated more by the state orbydo nations. Damages caused by the earthquake in the country and lack of insurance and security emphasized on the need for scientific research and study of earthquake insurance in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to explore ways to compen sate earthquake damages through insurance coverage using the experiences of Japan and Turkey, and it has provide da good model. This research based on descriptive-analytical method and the study population consisted of appropriate models of earthquake insurance in Iran, Turkey and Japan. Data collection method was documentary studying resources in related organizations. Findings of the research show that in contrast to developed countries, due tolack of awareness of its benefits earthquake nsurance is unknown in our country. Despite Iran is locate don seismic belt, only a few building shave this type of insurance and most demand for this type of insurance will increase after an accident. In one hand insurance will pay for the damages caused by the earthquake and on the other hand it gives relief to the residents of these buildings due to construction supervision and quality assurance. The solutions of earthquake insurance coverage have been studied at the end of the article.

In spite of human’s wondrous advances in technology, the earthquake has still been an unpredictable phenomenon that any inattention in the manner of opposition with it brings many damages in the human habitations. The urbanism knowledge because of its extension and variety of the issues can play an effective role in decreasing damages due to the earthquake. The aim of this article is cognition available problems and difficulties in the common patterns of urban fabric and finding a solution for resultant problems arisen in respect to the earthquake. The method of doing this research has been designed according to the results of descriptive- inductive and library surveys and the method of the analysis is inductive-modeling. Also modern knowledge of GIS and AHP is used along with urbanism criteria for measuring vulnerability of two common patterns of urban fabric including chess and organic fabrics. Results demonstrate that the chess fabric provides better conditions in decreasing damages due to the earthquake rather than organic fabric.

The urbans forming and evolutions in during of times, reveals the necessity of researchs for the planning and designing the urbans. Althogh, one of the oldest city in the Iran plateau is zanjan, it has had least historical researchs by the historians. Reveal of the historical evolution in the urbans feature and its function in performance of the urban planning and designing show necessity of the historical studies of urban. this article is a brief attempt in this field.

In Iranian traditional architecture the inclusion of natural and climatic qualities in design and construction dates back to hundreds of years ago and has brought out masterpieces to the world architecture. The physical fabric of the villages is affected not only by the direct imposition from the community but also by the environmental factors. The impact strength of these factors is sometimes reduced due to human capacity; however, they are continually influencing the physical form and the spatial organization of villages. Thus, the physical characteristics of villages are determined by two general sets of factors pertaining to either nature or human. Rural contexts provide useful information for assessing the impact of the different widely available natural-climatic, economical, and socio-cultural factors on the formation and development of such fabrics. As a result, the present article aims at identifying the patterns governing the formation and the development of the Iranian rural fabrics.