JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2016 | Volume:9 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Pharmaceutical compounds are useful role in the growth of ornamental fish. To investigate the effects of Clomiphene on food ratio and growth factors in Gourami fish species (Trichogaster trichopterus) was done. The Growth rate increasing was aimed for Achieving to more fish count in shorter time and less costs in the hatchery and fish farming. The numbers of 140 gourami fishes were fed for 2 month with dietary supplementation impregnated with different ratio of clomiphene (1, 1.5 and 2 mg/kg in dry diet), in 4 groups includes (a control group and 3 treatment groups). Fish biometric assay (total weight and standard length) were performed every two weeks and growth indices were calculated monthly. The results have shown that the use of clomiphene in the diet of growth factors (body weight increase, percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, average daily growth) was significant and positive effected, but food conversion factor was decreased significantly. Therefore, Clomiphene can be used as an additive and dietary supplementation in feed for Gourami fishTrichogaster trichopterus (3spots gourami).

Studies have shown that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter can effect in the modulation of learning and memory in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). The aim of this study was to investigate, the effect of GABAB receptor agonist and antagonist in the BLA on memory, in male Wistar rats in a step-through type passive avoidance. In this study, male Wistar rats weighing 240–270 g were used. After guide cannulae were bilaterally placed in the BLA, animals were trained in a step-through type passive avoidance task and then tested 24 h after training to measure memory retrieval and locomotor activity. Post-training intra-BLA microinjection of GABAB receptor agonists baclofen (0.01 μg/rat) or GABAB receptor antagonists phaclofen (0.01 μg/rat) decreased step-through latency during retrieval but did not alter locomotor activity. In conclusion, baclofen and phaclofen decreased consolidation of memory formation in the BLA, and GABAB receptors in the BLA may be involved in the memory consolidationdeficits.

Aqueous extract ofEphedra major used as a drug for blood pleasure, sleep disorder and lose weight. But it is effects on the body especially during pregnancy have not been reviewed. Therefore in study The Biological effects of aqueous extract ofEphedra major on the development Balb.C mouse embryos 7Th to 10Th days of pregnancy. In this study 50 female Balb.C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups including: control group (non- injection), sham group (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. Lethal dose of LD50 was determined in condition of 3086 mg.kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 300 mg.kg.bw. Injection was done on the seventh to tenth days by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS21 software and Duncan test subjest to (P<0.001). After a comparative study at this dose, a significant decrease (P<0.001) in the Crown– Rump Length (CR), embryo weight and placental weight were compared with control and witess groups. In according to this observations can be concluded aqueous extract ofEphedra major is caused to abort and tratogenic and using this herb is dangerous during pregnancy and may be use as a contraceptive pill in future.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and lymph angiogenesis. Cancers expressing VEGF are able to grow and metastasize. As thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an aggressive metastatic cancer, the aim of this study is the relationship between serum VEGF levels and the increased risk of MTC. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, 45 patients with MTC (21 males and 24 females) and 45 healthy persons as control group (24 male and 21 females) were selected. Serum VEGF levels were determined by ELISA technique in both groups. Data analysis was performed using Medcalc 14.8.1 and SPSS22.There was no statistically significant difference in serum VEGF levels between total MTC patients and total control groups, but serum VEGF levels in female MTC group were significantly higher than those in female control group (P<0.05). The results of this study showed an acceptable association between the serum VEGF levels with MTC in females. Therefore, VEGF can be applicable in the diagnosis and therapies of this aggressive metastatic cancer in females by the VEGF/VEGFR axis evaluation and inhibition.

The person who suffered from type 1 and type 2 Diabetics are more deserved to cardiovascular disease. High ratio of morbidity and mortality can be attributed to the cardiovascular diseases. Measuring CKMB's level along with CPK is considered as specialized test to diagnose the cardiovascular damages and also to determine the possibility of myocardial attacks. The present study aimed to compare the level of CKMB and cholesterol in type 1 with type 2 diabetics. Population is consisted of diabetic's persons in Gonbad Kavoos. One hundred diabetic (50 persons type 1 and fifty person type 2) were selected as experiment group and 50 healthy persons were selected as control group. After separating blood plasma and measuring its level of glucose, cholesterol and CKMB, the spectrophotometer and auto analyzer were used to read the data. The data were analyzed by SAS. The results have shown that the level of cholesterol in type 1 diabetics was higher than type 2. Also, CKMB in type 2 diabetic male is higher than type 1 diabetic male but the level of CKMB in type 1 and type 2diabetics female was nearly the same. The results also have shown that the level of glucose in type 1 diabetics (both male and female) was higher than type 2. According to the obtained result it may be concluded that higher rate of glucose, cholesterol and CKMB in type 1 diabetics than the type 2 is related to the higher rate of morbidity and mortality.

Due to the increasing production of ZnO nanoparticles and their useful applications in biological systems, fewer studies have been performed about the side effects of these substances on the organism's body. To this end, in this study, we have investigated the deposition amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles on spleen of Syrian female NMRI mice. In this experimental study, 20 heads of female NMRI mice have been studied in the experimental and control groups. ZnO nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg per kg fed in the drinking water for 28 days, and after 28 days the mice were sacrificed, spleen tissue was removed and solved in the acid, and then the amount of deposited zinc oxide in the tissues was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. According to the obtained results, it is observed that there are significant differences between the consumer groups (of ZnO nanoparticles) and control group. Deposition of Zinc oxide nanoparticles which was studied in the drinking water for 28 days in the mentioned experimental groups has had significant effects on the spleen.

Due to increased production and use of nanoparticles, extensive studies are needed to determine their toxicity and negative effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Fe2ZnO4 nanoparticle on blood cell counts and hematocritpercentage. In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of 8 rats. Group 1 received 0.5 ml of saline. Group 1 and 2 received 0.5ml of distillated water containing 100 and 200 ppm Fe2ZnO4for 7 successive days. Red blood cell count, white blood cell count and differential count, platelet count and hematocrit were determined 2, 7 and 14 days after treatment. Fe2ZnO4 lead to a significant reduction in RBC and a significant increase in WBC. Nanoparticles exposure increased neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage which reflects the heightened response of innate immune system against nanoparticles. Fe2ZnO4 also caused a significant reduction in blood platelet count and 200 ppm dose caused higher reduction (p<0.05). Fe2ZnO4 exposure had no effect on hematocrit percentage. RBC reduction is probably due to the activation of oxidant mechanisms and WBC reduction is due to the activation of immune system.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurologically based movement disorder, clinically diagnosed by the presence of bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor and rigidity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric that has a neuroprotective role in many neuronal degenerative disorders. Studies indicate that exercise may have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin together with treadmill running on animal model of PD. In this study, 48 Wistar rats were divided in 8 groups (control, curcumin, exercise, Parkinson' s disease, Parkinson's disease+curcumin, Parkinson's disease+curcumin+exercise, Parkinson's disease+exercise and curcumin+exercise).Parkinson's disease was induced by injection of reserpine (1mg/kg, i.p) for 2days. The bar-test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Each of animals in the curcumin groups was given injection of curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days. All animals in the exercise group were forced to run on a motorized treadmill (24 m/min for 20 min, 5 day/week), for 3 week. SPSS software was used for analyzing data by using of analysis of variance that it was performed at a significance level of p≤0.05. Catalepsy had no significant difference between the group of curcumin+Parkinson' s disease+exercise and Parkinson's disease+curcumin and Parkinson's disease+exercise. curcumin can reduce catalepsy induced by reserpine in male rat's model of Parkinson' s disease. But its reducing effect isn' t as effect of exercise.

For the investigation about prey and predator relationships, Crab plover was selected as a model species in the Zohre river mudflats, Sajafi harbor where is located in thee Mahshahr.During nine months field study from late spring 2014 to the late winter 2015, we tried to estimate the species abundance and density as a predator and prey items as well. The most important variables affecting the bird distribution and habitat use also was investigated using logistic regression and paired T test. The main items that affect Crab Plover habitat selection and feeding strategy are Crab’s density, safety (distance to the Sajafi harbor), presence of the competitors and especially limited time of the feeding period which affect optimal foraging.

Reproductive and spawning seasons ofTerapon puta Cuvier and Valencieness 1892 was investigated in Bushehr coastal waters (geographical position from 28˚ 33΄203˝N and 51˚05΄135˝ to 28˚ 59΄122˝N and 50˚ 47΄988˝E) during 2014. Samples were collected using gillnet and hook. Data information of fork length, gonad stages (in females) and feeding behavior in the species were recorded and analyzed. The results of the study indicating of aggregation of the adults of the species in the Bushehr coastal waters in the summer season. Spawning period in the studied area happened from late of summer to autumn. The results of the nutrition of this species showed that prawn, benthos, fish and worm are the main food items of this species. These results also showed thatT. puta is feeding during day and night and is a greedy species. On the bases of the study results, it can be concluded thatT. puta resources is not under pressure and have normal situation. The feeding results show; this species can be made a problem for shrimp resources.