JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Today, osteoporosis is a popular disorder especially among old people and menopause women, and there are a lot of pathogenic factors which are effective in osteoporosis. Some scientific studies show that those who have to use cyclosporine continuously in a long term, will affected with osteogenesis. Indeed, parathormone and calcitonin can effect on osteogenesis as well. In this study, the researchers try to investigate the relationship between cyclosporine and the mentioned hormones. We have used 60 rats in this study to take their blood only for one time and, we have achieved 6 groups for our statistical analysis. The cyclosporine, saluted in olive oil with dosage of 15 mg/Kg/day, has prescribed to the rats to be taken orally for six weeks. Then we injected only olive oil to the other two remained groups (control) have received nothing. The serum is taken from the samples before and after prescribing the drug. The amounts of mentioned hormones are measured by ELISA method. The final result indicate that the difference of the plasma levels of parathormone between control group and the group that has taken the cyclosporine in P<0.05 was not significant. However the plasma level of calcitonin in control group shows a significant decrease to the group that has taken the cyclosporine in P<0.05. Osteoporesis that induces with drug is a preventable disease that often hasn’t cared about it. Diagnosis of drug causes, treatment via controlling and use preventing parameters could recover of the patients. Investigations suggest some pathways for determine the cellular mechanism of cyclosporine on the osteoporosis. The results indicate that cyclosporine may operate mechanisms with decrease calcitonin and disturb the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast so finally cause osteoporosis.

Regarding to the importance of morphometric and meristic factors of fish Categories, invironmental factors, feeding, growth and development, this research in order to scaling the morphometrics and meristics factors of Huso huso (male), Acipencer ruthenus (female) and their hybrid in1387 in Shahid Beheshti Center (sadde Sangar) has done. In this survey 90 numbers of 3-year-old fishes were experimented to determine 10 morphometric factors (total length, head length, snout length, the length of back of the eyes to opercule, snout length till barble, snout length till nostrils, snout width in site of barbel, snout width in site of mouth, snout length till spiracle and the distance between eyes) and 7 meristic factors(the numbers of rays of pectoral and dorsal fins, the numbers of left and right lateral scutes, the numbers of left and right pelvic scutes. Statistical analysis expressed that parental species and hybrid have significant variation in all morphometric and meristic factors.

Fear is known as an emotional response to the threat and included autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. Many scientists have discovered the healing properties of plants and recourse to medicinal herbs always through history has was been one of the ways treatment effective. In this research, was studied the comparison of injection cardamomum seed aqueous and methanolic extracts on fear behavior induced by PTZ. In this study, animals were divided in to two defferent groups, each group was comprised of three groups.Control group that 1 lit, saline received (i.c.v). Sham group that received 20 mg/kg PTZ (i.p). The experimental group, were received doses 3, 10, 30 g/rat of cardamomum seed aqueous extract (i.c.v) and PTZ (i.p), too experimental two group, were received doses 3,10,30 g/rat of methanolic extract (i.c.v) and 20 mg/kg PTZ (i.p). The fear effect was evaluated by using an Elevated plus-maze. Injection comparison of cardamomum seed aqueous and methanolic extracts, increased open arm time percentage (%OAT),open arm entries percentage (%OAE) and locomotor activity that 30 g/rat dose increased in %OAT,%OAE and %CAT significantly. The results show that compounds in cardamomum seed in aqueous and methanolic extracts decrease fear induced by PTZ probably through interaction with gabaergic system.

Nitric oxide synthase has been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of ethanol and nicotine. In the present study, the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, in the dorsal hippocampus in nicotine’s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated. This experimental study was performed on 300 male mice. Mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24 h after training to measure step-down latency. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol (1 g/kg) decreased the memory retrieval. Injection of nicotine or L-arginine before test by itself has no effect on memory retrieval. On the other hand, pre-test administration of ethanol (0.5, 1 g/kg), nicotine (0.4, 0.8 µg/mice) or L-arginine (0.8 µg/mice) plus non-effective dose of nicotine (0.2 µg/mice) restored memory impairment induced by pre-training injection of ethanol. These results suggest that nitric oxide system of dorsal hippocampus may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia.

Kiasar National Park is a mountainous region in central Alborz located in Kiasar region, 70 kilometers far from Sari city in Mazandaran province. The mean annual rainfall is 650 mm and the mean annual temperature is 12°C. This study was done in order to the identification of amphibians and reptiles of Kiasar National Park. More than 200 specimens were collected during spring and summer of 2011. Twenty five identified species belonged to 5 orders, 14 families and 22 genera including: Triturus karelini, Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis, Hyla savignyi, Rana (Pelophylax) ridibunda ridibunda, Rana macrocnemis pseudodalmatina, Typhlops vermicularis, Elaphe dione dione, Zamenis persica, Natrix natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata tessellata, Dolichophis Jugularis, Platyceps najadum najadum, Hemorrhois ravergier, Gloydius halys caucasicus, Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Laudakia caucasia caucasia, Anguis fragilis colchicus, Pseudopus apodus apodus, Cyrtopodion naspium caspium, Darevskia chlorogaster, Darevskia defilippii, Lacerta strigata, Ablepharus pannonicus, Emys orbicularis persica and Mauremys caspica caspica.

Cardiovascular disease is related with various risk factors. The most important of these are age. Coronary arterial disease mortality is increased after menopause. It is due to hypoestrogenemia. Soy bean is a source of fetoestrogen that is similar to hormone. The most important fetoestrogen is isoflavone. Soy bean is source of isoflavone that can decrease serum total cholesterol so protect of heart disease.In this randomized clinical trial 50 menopause women with hyper lipidemia and inclusion criteria were chosen. They were divided randomly to two groups (control and soya milk) diet. In soya milk group they were given 1 liter soya milk every day for 12 weeks. In control group they were not given soya milk or any product of soya. Initial and after 12weeks they were assayed for serum lipids profile. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software. There were no significant changes in serum lipids profile (triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol) within control group Initial and after 12 weeks (P=NS). There were no significant changes in serum lipids profile) triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol) within soya milk group Initial and after 12 weeks (P=NS). There were no significant changes in serum lipids profile) triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol) between soya milk group and control group Initial and after 12weeks (P=NS). It seems soy milk has no actually effects on serum lipids profile, therefore this subject need to additional studies.

To estimate genetic parameters for milk production traits, test day records of first lactation Holstein cows during the years 2001 to 2009 Mahdasht Sari was collected, was used. The data examined in this study included 9782 test day records of 1140 holstein cows in milk and meat complex was Mahdasht Sari. Analysis of test day records was performed using the software DFREML. Fixed and random regression was according to the model Legendre polynomials from days of lactation. The model fitted well with the 3 degree for genetic and environmental permanent factors. The minimum level of heritability (0.039) was related to, early lactation period and its value increased in late lactation and at about the ninth month of lactation to reach peak levels (0.280). Phenotypic variance of milk production traits during lactation are not the same and its value was higher in early and late lactation period. The maximum amount of genetic variance in the tenth month was 18.750 and the minimum in the early lactation period was 2.360. Residual variances for milk production trait were constant. The maximum amount of genetic and phenotypic correlations between adjacent days in milk was observed and correlated to the amount of this increase was reduced between days of lactation. Using test day records, increased accuracy of estimating genetic parameters.

Brain shrimp Artemia is a unique animal of arthropods which can live in waters with very high salinities. These sever conditions make some changes on biologic performances and physiologic responses of the animal. In present study survival, growth and cyst diameter of two parthenogenetic and bisexual Artemia in two salinities 120g.l-1 and 210g.l-1 were studied. In this regard, both strains of the Artemia were reared with Dunaliella tertiolecta algae where survival and growth was assessed by days 3, 7, 11, 15. The produced cysts after maturation (in one month) were collected daily and the diameters of cysts were measured. The results revealed decreasing on survival rate with increasing in the both types of Artemia by which A. franciscana showed high performance in 210g.l-1 comparing to parthenogenetic Artemia. The total length and cyst diameter analyses of both Artemia in laboratory conditions revealed these factors as almost independent ecologic factor which should be used for populations of species identification of Artemia with very caution.